About drama

Brief introduction to drama) [drama; Play used to refer to traditional operas in China, and later it was used as a general term for traditional operas, dramas, operas, ballets and poetic dramas in China. Greek drama refers to the stage performance art that achieves narrative purpose in the form of language, action, dance, music and puppet. The concept of drama in literature refers to the script created for drama performance, that is, the script. There are various forms of theatrical performances, including drama, opera, ballet, musical, puppet show and so on. A comprehensive art with specific significance. There are two meanings: in a narrow sense, it refers to a form of stage performance that started with ancient Greek tragedies and comedies, first developed in European countries, and then became popular all over the world. Drama in English and drama in China. Broadly speaking, it also includes the traditional stage performances of some countries and nationalities in the East, such as China's operas, Japanese kabuki, Indian classical dramas, and Korean singing operas. The essence of drama In the 4th century BC, Aristotle expressed his understanding of the essence of drama in Poetics. He believes that all art is imitation, and drama is imitation of human behavior. Two centuries later, India's first drama theory work, Dance Theory, also pointed out: "Drama is imitation." /kloc-after the 0/9th century, there have been different views on the nature of drama, mainly including audience, conflict, upheaval, situation and laboratory. The audience said: identifying with the audience is a necessary condition and the essence of drama. French drama theorist F. Sasay is the representative of this concept. He asserted that no matter what kind of drama works, it is for the audience. "Without the audience, there would be no drama", therefore, all the organs of drama must adapt to the audience's appreciation. Conflict theory: represented by the French drama theorist Brent. At the end of 19, Bruntel pointed out that the stage is the place where people's conscious will is exerted, and the exertion of characters' conscious will is bound to encounter obstacles, and the subject must fight against them in order to overcome them, which constitutes a "will conflict", and the essence of drama lies in this. J.H. Lawson, an American drama theorist, attributed the essence of drama to "social conflict in which consciousness and will play a role". He believes that because drama deals with social relations, people's conscious will is bound to be restricted by social inevitability, so the real drama conflict must be social conflict. This concept can be expressed in one sentence: "There is no drama without conflict." Disaster theory: British drama theorist W Archer denied Brent's "conflict" theory. He compared the novel with the drama, thinking that the novel is a "gradual" art, while the drama is a "crisis" art, and the drama deals with the dramatic changes in people's fate and environment, which is the essence of the drama. Situation and Laboratory Theory: As early as18th century, the French philosopher D Diderot regarded "situation" as the basis of drama works. When Hegel talked about the characteristics of drama, he also linked "situation" with "conflict" and emphasized the ontological significance of situation. The existentialist philosopher and playwright J.-P. Sartre called his drama "situational drama" and described the object of the drama as people's choice in the situation. B Brecht regards drama as a scientific method and thinks that drama is a laboratory to test human behavior in a specific situation. This concept also defines the essence of drama from a specific angle. In ancient Greece, art was divided into music, painting, sculpture, architecture and poetry, and drama was classified as poetry. The real drama art should include poetry (literature), music, painting, sculpture, architecture, dance and other artistic elements, so it is called comprehensive art, and each art has its own special means of expression, thus forming an external form of image. Drama, as a comprehensive art, combines various artistic expressions, and their direct and external manifestations in the complex are as follows: ① literature. Mainly refers to the script. ② plastic arts. Mainly refers to scenery, lighting, props, clothing, makeup. ③ Music. Mainly refers to sound, episode, music, etc. In theatrical performances, there are also tunes and vocals in operas and operas. ④ Dance. Mainly refers to the dance elements contained in the art of dance drama and opera, which are transformed into the performing art of actors-the action art in drama. Various artistic factors in drama play different roles, and their status in the whole is unequal. In the drama complex, the actor's performance art is in the center and dominant position, and it is the noumenon of drama art. The means of performance art-body movements and lines-are the basic means of drama art, and other artistic factors are melted by noumenon. Script is the basis of drama performance, which directly determines the artistry and ideological content of drama. As a literary form, although it can be read by people like novels, its basic value lies in its performability. A script that can't be performed is not a good play. The value of musical elements in drama performance, whether it is interlude, soundtrack or sound, mainly lies in the synergistic effect of actors shaping the stage image. The plastic arts elements in drama performance, such as scenery, lighting, props, costumes, makeup, etc., also play a specific auxiliary role in shaping the stage image of actors from different angles. Taking the actor's performance art as the noumenon, absorbing and integrating various artistic elements constitutes the external form of drama art. As a literary drama, drama text (namely "script") is the basic element and prerequisite of a drama. The most important thing about the script is that it can be put on the stage. Drama text is not the completion of art, and it is not the presentation of the final art until after the stage performance (that is, "performance text"). Some scholars in the past dynasties wrote plays that were not suitable for stage performance or even impossible to perform at all. This kind of drama text is called desk drama (also called study drama) (such as Wilde's poetic drama Salome). There are also examples of scriptless performances in modern dramas. The literary version of drama can be enjoyed as an independent literary style when it is not being performed. As a performing art, with the practice of modern western drama in the training system of directors and actors, drama theory has gradually expanded from the discussion of drama texts to the whole theater, and then new concepts such as "scene scheduling" have emerged. Among them, the famous formulation is the concept put forward by British drama director peter brooke in his monograph "Empty Space" in the 1970s: "An actor walks through an empty stage, which is the whole of a play. Drama Division China Province Beijing Peking Opera Theatre North Kunqu West Road Pingju Beijing Quju Hebei Hebei Hebei Bangzi Pingju String of Old Tunes Hahahaha Tune Hebei Random Play Wu 'an Flat Tune Wu 'an Western Tune Yuxian Yangko Longyao Yangko Dingxian Yangko Four-string Tang Opera Cross-tune Four Tunes Shaanxi Bangzi North Road Bangzi Shangdang Bangzi Miscellaneous Play Children's Heart and Autumn Shangdang's Skin Yellow. Shangdang Luozi Yongji Daoqing Hongdong Daoqing Linxian Daoqing Jinbei Daoqing Wu Xiang Yangko Huguan Yangko Qinyuan Yangko Qitai Yangko Fan Shi Yangko Shuoxian Yangko Xiaoyi Wan Wan Qiang Quwo Wan Wan Qiang Heizi Qiang Fengtai Opera Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: Inner Mongolia Yangko Dance Erren Man Han Opera Liaoning Haicheng Corner Opera Liaonan Shadow Play Mongolian Opera Dresses Like Lotus Flowers Falling in Jilin Province, New Town Opera Huanglong Opera Heilongjiang Longjiang Opera Shaanxi Shaanxi Shaanxi Qin Opera Diao Han Agung Opera Heyang Dance Opera Heyang Line Opera Shaanxi Qiang Shaanxi Old Shaanxi Opera. Southwest Duangong Opera Shaanxi Daoqing String Board Opera Shaanxi South Flower Drum Opera Ankang Heizi Opera Gansu Province: Dragon Opera Gao Shanju Shadow Play Gannan Tibetan Opera Qinghai Tibetan Opera Qinghai Pingxian Opera Xinjiang Quzi Opera Shandong Province Shandong Province Bangzi Zaozi Laiwu Bangzi East Road Bangzi Liu Zi Opera. Lu Opera Liu Qiang Five-tone Opera Liuqin Opera Two-string Four-level Tune Jiangsu Province: Kunqu Opera Huai Opera Yang Opera Tong Opera Su Ju Opera Dan Opera Haimen Mountain Opera Huai Hong Opera Anhui Huangmei Opera Hui Opera Qingyang Opera Sha Hetiao Yuexi Gaoqiang Anhui Mulian Opera Anhui Nuo Opera Lu Opera Anhui Duangong Opera Sizhou Opera Hanging Foot Opera with Bow Opera Wuhu Liyuan Opera Wennan Ci Weinan Huagu Opera Fengyang Huagu Opera Huaibei Flower. Drum Play Push Play Black Spots Play Hongshan Play Shanghai Shanghai Opera Humorous Play Phoenix Fairy Mountain Play Zhejiang Yue Opera Wu Play Xinchang Gaokang Ninghai Pingdiao Songyang Gaokang Awakening Play Wenzhou Kunqu Jinhua Kunqu Huangyan Random Play Zhuji Ou Play Hangbang Play Puppet Play Jiangxi Yiyang Play Donghe Play Ruihe Play Yihuang Play Nanchang Tea Picking Play Gannan Tea Picking Play Pingxiang Tea Picking Play Wanzai Lantern Play Fuzhou Tea Picking Play Ji 'an Tea Picking Play Ningdu Tea Picking Play Jiangxi Tea Picking Play Wuning Tea Picking Play Gaoan Tea Picking Play Fujian Pu. Liyuan Opera Gaojia Opera Pingjiang Opera Fujian Opera Common People Opera Ciming Opera Fujian Opera North Road Opera Right Word Nanjian Tune Small Indoor Opera Triangle Opera Fujian Tea Picking Opera Nanci Opera Fujian Opera Mi Opera Great Play. Youchun Opera Shoubei Opera Taiwan Province Province Gezi Opera Guangdong Cantonese Opera Chaozhou Opera Orthography Opera Guangdong Han Opera Xiqin Opera Tea Picking Opera Lechang Flower Drum Opera Guangdong Western White Opera Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guangxi Opera Yong Opera Sixian Opera Guangxi Shigong Opera Caidiao Niuniang Opera Guinan Tea Picking Opera Zhuang Opera Miao Opera Dong Opera Hainan Province: Qiong Opera Pro Opera Hunan xiang opera Qi Opera Changde Han Opera Hengyang xiang opera Baling Opera Chen. River Opera Xiang Kun Changsha Ancient Painting Opera Yueyang Ancient Painting Opera Changde Ancient Painting Opera Xiangxi Lantern Opera Xiangyang Ancient Painting Opera Shaoyang Ancient Painting Opera Lingling Ancient Painting Opera Shidao Opera Xiangxi Miao Opera Xinhuang Dong Nuo Opera Hubei Han Opera Jing Hexi South Opera Hubei Yuediaoshan Erhuang Hubei Gaoqiang Chu Opera East Road Huagu Opera Huangmei Tea Picking Opera Yangxin Tea Picking Opera Yuan 'an Huagu Opera Xiangyang Huagu Opera Jingzhou Huagu Opera Liang Shantiao Yunyang Huagu Opera Suixian Huagu Opera Tang Tang Opera Opera Opera West Liu Zi Opera Henan Yue Opera Nanyang Bangzi Opera. Henan Daoqing Henan Ancient Painting Opera Le Qiang Five Tunes Sichuan Sichuan Lantern Opera Sichuan Quyi Opera Xiushan Lantern Opera Yunnan Yunnan Yunnan Yunnan Yunnan Lantern Opera Kunming Qusuo Opera Dai Opera Yunnan Zhuang Opera Guizhou Guizhou local bangzi expensive. State Lantern Opera Guizhou Dong Opera Guizhou Buyi Opera Guizhou Miao Opera Anshun Local Opera Xizang Autonomous Region: Drama literature can be divided into whole drama, one-act drama and sketch according to its capacity; According to the forms of expression, it can be divided into drama, opera, poetic drama, ballet, opera and so on. According to the theme, it can be divided into drama, historical drama, legendary drama, civic drama, social drama, family drama, science fiction drama and so on. According to the nature and effect of drama conflict, it can be divided into tragedy, comedy and drama. But the most basic and commonly used categories are tragedy, comedy and drama, in which tragedy appeared earlier than comedy, and drama is also called tragicomedy.