What is the function of ancient buildings?

The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, located in a prominent position on the north-south axis of the Palace Museum in Beijing, is 35 meters high, covers an area of 2,377 square meters, has 55 rooms and 72 columns, and is the tallest building in the Forbidden City. It is the largest of the three halls outside the Forbidden City and the tallest building in the Forbidden City. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also the largest existing wooden hall in China, which is a typical classical building.

The internal and external structure of the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the crystallization of the ancient wisdom of the Chinese nation. Here, in addition to the strange carved beams and painted buildings, unique design layout and dazzling rare treasures, its firmness is also amazing. Since the completion of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, she has experienced many major earthquakes and still stands proudly like a strong giant, unaffected at all.

There is a broad platform in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the platform. The platform is equipped with a sundial and a fine scale, a pair of bronze turtles and cranes, and a bronze tripod with a seat of 18. A sundial is an ancient timer and a beam is an ancient standard ruler, both of which are symbols of imperial power. In front of the temple, the Shuanglong play beads are imperial stones, and their beads are auspicious and wishful beads.

Among the Ssangyong, one represents the Emperor of Heaven and the other represents the Emperor; Your Highness has a three-story marble pedestal surrounded by railings. There is a stone faucet for drainage under the railing, which can show the wonders of thousands of dragons spitting water during the rainy season. This temple is magnificent and beautiful. Indoor and outdoor beams are decorated with the highest level of color seal paintings.

The upper part of the door and window is inlaid with rhombus, the lower part is embossed with dragon pattern, and the tenon is equipped with gold-plated copper leaves engraved with dragon pattern. The hall is paved with gold bricks, and 72 rare nanmu pillars support the whole hall.

There is a golden lacquer throne in Kowloon in the bright room of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. On both sides of the throne, there are six giant pillars with golden Yunlong patterns, with two colors of gold foil, and the patterns are very eye-catching. There are four pairs of furnishings on each side of the throne: a treasure elephant, a tripod, a crane and a fragrant pavilion.

2. Humble Administrator's Garden

Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City. Up to 20 14, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (about 5.2 hectares). The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with pavilions, lush flowers and trees, and has strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town.

The garden is divided into three parts: east, middle and west. The east garden is spacious, the middle garden is the essence of the whole garden, and the west garden is beautifully built and has its own characteristics. Garden South is a residential area, reflecting the typical pattern of traditional houses in Jiangnan area. Humble Administrator's Garden, together with Beijing Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Lingering Garden, is called "China's Four Famous Gardens" and listed in the World Cultural Heritage List.

Early humble administrator's garden, with lush trees, confused water color and natural scenery. The buildings in the park are very sparse, only "one hall, six pavilions on the first floor", and the number of buildings is very small, which is far lower than the building density in today's gardens. Bamboo fences, thatched pavilions and thatched huts are integrated with the natural landscape, which is simple and elegant and has a unique natural scenery.

The existing landscape in the middle of Humble Administrator's Garden accounts for about three-fifths of the garden area. There are two islands in the pool, and the Chi Pan at the top of the mountain is dotted with only a few pavilions and small buildings, which makes the scenic spot look sparse, elegant and natural. Although this layout has not yet taken shape in the Ming Dynasty, it has the demeanor of a humble administrator's garden in the Ming Dynasty.

3. Yueyang Tower

Yueyang Tower is located in the west wall of Yueyang Ancient City, Hunan Province, overlooking Dongting and Junshan. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building", and it is also known as "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Hubei and the Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi. 1988 1 has been designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

The main building of Yueyang Tower is19.42m high,14.54m deep and17.42m wide. It has three floors, four pillars, cornices, helmet tops and pure wood structures. Four nanmu gold pillars in the building go straight to the top of the building, surrounded by corridors, rafters and purlins, which are mutually tenoned and integrated.

Yueyang Tower, as the only ancient building that keeps its original appearance among the three famous buildings, has a unique helmet-top structure that embodies the wisdom of ancient working people and the exquisite design and skills of craftsmen.

4. Yellow Crane Tower

The Yellow Crane Tower is a famous historical site at home and abroad. It is called "the first building in the world" together with Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Wangtengting Pavilion in Jiangxi and Penglai Pavilion in Shandong. It stands on the bank of the Yangtze River, at the head of the Snake Mountain, backed by Wuchang City where thousands of families stand, facing the surging Yangtze River and facing the quaint Qingchuan Pavilion, just at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Beijing-Guangzhou line.

That is, the intersection of the east-west waterway and the north-south land. Celebrities of past dynasties, such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Lu You, Yang Shen and Zhang. Come here to play and write poems. Left many well-known poems. Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "In ancient times, yellow cranes carried saints to heaven, but today there is no yellow crane tower." It also made the Yellow Crane Tower famous.

According to legend, the Yellow Crane Tower was built in the Three Kingdoms period, and it was destroyed and built repeatedly in previous dynasties. The current building was rebuilt by 198 1, and the prototype design was Tongzhi Building in Qing Dynasty. The building is still on the top of the snake mountain. The main building is 49 meters high, with five floors, pyramid-shaped roof and cornices, which looks seamless. From the vertical direction of the building, the eaves of each floor are directly related to the name of the building, which looks like a yellow crane and is ready to go.

The whole building is magnificent and exquisite, full of changing charm and beauty. The diameter of the eaves column on the ground floor is 30 meters, and a large relief is set on the front wall of the central hall to show the myths and legends about the Yellow Crane Tower in past dynasties. There is a mezzanine corridor on the third floor to display poetry, calligraphy and painting; There are four cloisters outside the second, third and fourth floors for tourists to overlook.

The fifth floor is the viewing hall, where you can enjoy the scenery of the great river. Outside the building, a number of ancillary buildings such as bronze yellow crane modeling, statue pagoda, archway, porch and pavilion make the main building more magnificent. The beautiful scenery of the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan is vivid, and the splendid mountains and rivers in the vast China are also panoramic.

Due to this unique geographical location and the poems, essays, couplets, plaques, stone carvings and folk stories handed down by predecessors, the Yellow Crane Tower has become a famous cultural building with mountains and rivers and human landscapes.

5. Taiqing Palace

Taiqing Palace, located 50 miles east of Qingdao, Shandong Province, is the oldest and largest Taoist temple in Laoshan, with a history of more than 265,438+000 years. Laoshan Mountain is located on the seashore, with deep rocks and deep valleys, and is known as "the fairy house in the grottoes". Hundreds of miles away from Fiona Fang, Laoshan Mountain, there are many temples scattered all over the place, with the saying of "Nine palaces, eight views and seventy-two temples".

Among them, Taiqing Palace is the most famous. According to records, in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Lianfu, the capital of Ruizhou, Jiangxi Province, abandoned his official position and came to Laoshan for monasticism. He built a Mao 'an temple and named it "Sanguan Temple". In the first year of Tang Tianyou (AD 904), Taoist Li Zhexuan came here to build a temple dedicated to the statue of Huang San, which was named "Huang San Temple" and later called "Taiqing Palace".

During the Ming Dynasty in Jin Zhangzong, Quanzhen Taoist priests Qiu Chuji and Liu Changsheng expounded Quanzhen Taoism here. Liu Changsheng founded Quanzhen Mountain School here, with many followers, and Taiqing Palace became the ancestral home of Quanzhen Mountain School. Taiqing Palace is commonly known as Summer Palace. "There are three peaks, and the tide meets one side", which is located at the south foot of Laoshan Mountain and under the Laojun Peak of Huoju Mountain on the north bank of Taiqing Bay.

Surrounded by mountains on three sides, the sea is in front of us, and the potential is strong. First push Laoshan Mountain. According to the Yuan Dynasty scholar Zhang Qiyan's Monument to Juxian Palace, the palace was built in the early Song Dynasty. According to Taiqing Palace Records, in the first year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 140), Zhang Lianfu founded Sanguan Temple here. In the first year of Tang Tianyou (904), Taoist Li Zhexuan built Huang San Temple in Sanhuang Temple.

In the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960), Taoist Liu Ruozhuo was named as a "real person in Gai Hua" and sent back to Laoshan to build a Taoist temple, where the Taiqing Palace was built around 980 AD.

Baidu encyclopedia-humble administrator's garden

Baidu encyclopedia-Yueyang tower

Baidu encyclopedia-yellow crane tower

Baidu Encyclopedia-Taiqing Palace

Baidu encyclopedia-forbidden city