I am a foreign to Xiamen to go to college students, Xiamen there customs are how?

Hey, I'm from Minnan, Minnan people are very good to get along with oh ...... As for the customs, there is nothing more need to pay attention to, there is one thing, Minnan people believe in Buddhism ......

The following is some information, you can look at it

The Xiamen Folklore

Lantern Festival

The 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the Shangyuan Festival, also known as the Lantern Festival or Lantern Festival. Shangyuan is the birthday of Ziwei Da Di, one of the three great emperors in the Heavenly Palace of Blessings. Every year on the 15th day of the first month, the people of Xiamen to pray for blessings to the Heavenly Palace, families early in the morning that is the five animals, fruit, wine, food, paper money, etc. on the table, to the Heavenly Palace God burn incense and worship, and divination, predicting the year's blessings and misfortunes of the evils and the sacrifices of wine and burned gold paper, and then complete the rituals, withdrawal of the rituals and other ceremonies. Lantern Festival folk from the 13th to the 17th of the five days, the streets and alleys are decorated with beautiful lanterns in every household. Public **** places such as Zhongshan Park, temples or the Workers' Cultural Palace organize dragon dances, lion dances, stilt walkers, dry boat runners, fireworks, welcoming the Purple Aunt, riddles, eating dumplings and other activities to celebrate the festival. In the evening, crystal-clear palace lanterns, horse lanterns, Po Lin lanterns, lotus lanterns, and elephant lanterns are in full bloom; on the pond, lantern boats sway; young girls and children in full dress perform a joyful and enthusiastic Lantern Dance; the Gao Yen team holds a spectacular street trekking; and performers of the Nan Yin Orchestra sing Nan Yin ancient music. Soup dumplings are served on the street, which are about the size of a longan. The southern Fujian folk song "Selling Soup Dumplings" sings: "Selling soup dumplings, selling soup dumplings, the dumplings of the Lantern Festival are round and round ......", which is a true portrayal of the people of southern Fujian "eating soup dumplings at the Lantern Festival".

Mid-Autumn Festival Bo Scholarship

Mid-Autumn Festival, flowers and the moon is full, is the people of the family reunion or doubly miss the days of distant relatives and friends. Xiamen people pay special attention to the Mid-Autumn Festival, many folks living abroad and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan compatriots, then have embarked on the journey home, and family friends reunion, **** enjoy the joy of heaven, talk about the friendship after.

In Xiamen, there is a kind of Mid-Autumn Festival play will cake Bo Scholar folk activities, the most attractive into. More than 300 years ago, the national hero Zheng Chenggong used Xiamen as a base to expel the Dutch barbarians and recover Taiwan. Zheng Chenggong's soldiers came from all over Fujian and Guangdong, and around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the soldiers missed their relatives. Zheng Chenggong's general Hong Xu, in order to relieve the soldiers from their homes, homesickness, to inspire the soldiers first country after the family, to overcome the enemy's fighting spirit, they and the Ministry of War Yamatang (now Xiamen, Hongben Lane No. 32-44) belonging to the Ministry of War, after a lot of planning, cleverly set up the "Mid-Autumn Festival Cake", so that the soldiers to play with the cake to enjoy the moon, Sip tea and talk about the day. Mid-Autumn Festival will cake each 63 pieces of cake, implying the number of seven, nine, sixty-three, because three, nine is China's folk lucky number. Cake will be set up a scholar 1, 20 cm in diameter, like a round of the moon, the cake carved and printed with "Chang'e Moon", "Gui Shu Jade Rabbit" and other patterns; on the Hall 2, 13 cm in diameter or so; three red 4, a show 32, about 1.7 cm in diameter, they respectively, they represent the civil or martial arts scholar, the first prize winner, the scout, the jinshi, the lifer, the Xiucai. Because Bo Scholarship fun, lively and interesting, so Zheng Chenggong special approval from August 13 to 18, the army according to single and double day batches of rotating appreciation of the moon Bo Cake.

This Mid-Autumn Festival play will cake Bo Scholar's custom, more than three hundred years has been in Xiamen folk. Every year before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival, Xiamen's bakery will produce a large number of cakes on the market supply, there are stuffed cakes, Cantonese cakes, beautifully packaged, as a gift. The moon is in the sky, every family burns red candles, set up will cake, the whole family, friends and relatives, five or six people will be a pious dice, to see who the moon god blessing, enthusiastic and interesting, endless laughter. Scholarships are produced one after another, firecrackers, fireworks, a joyful and peaceful scene.

Duanwu duck

Xiamen people over the Dragon Boat Festival, not only eat zongzi, dragon boat racing customs, but also to organize catch "duck" activities. This is a test of physical strength, perseverance and skills of folk sports competitions.

The arena is generally located in the sea or a large pool, from the shore of the air out of a 10-meter-long wooden column, coated with slippery oil, the end of the wooden rodeo is installed with a small box of ducks, the box has a trapdoor. Participants in the rodeo to ascend the wooden ladder, walk through the wooden technology that extends into the sea, to the end, pull open the door of the small wooden box with their hands, let the ducks fall into the water, while people also jumped into the water to catch the ducks as a winning product. Usually, a dozen or so ducks are caught by the warriors within an hour or so.

This kind of water sports activities of fighting intelligence, bravery, ingenuity, and speed, is full of warm atmosphere and rich southern Fujian flavor.

Xiamen Age Folklore

Xiamen has a lot of folklore, with the progress of the times, has changed greatly in recent years. In order to follow the customs of the countryside, the following:

The first day of the first month, dawn, open the door, Van incense burning explosion, said "Kai Zheng". Wake up in the morning to worship ancestors, is the day, the manure is not dumped outdoors.

The third day of the first month of the new worry (that is, burn a new bed) for the day of the mourning family. Anyone who has not been to a friend's house on the first or second day of the month should not visit the house on that day, as it is disrespectful to do so.

On the fourth day of the first month, the Buddha must burn paper and silk and horses, to receive the God, is to meet the 24th of December to send the God.

On the ninth day of the first month, the Jade Emperor's birthday, incense to honor the gods. However, the funeral home to stop the festival for two years.

The tenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the birthday of the Earth. On this day, no firewood is cut and no earth is dug. It is a day to honor the gods with ordinary objects.

The thirteenth day of the first month is the birthday of Emperor Guansheng.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival is held on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, which is the birthday of Sanguan Da Di, and lanterns are put on display.

On the second day of February, it is the anniversary of the birth of the God of Fude (land).

On the third day of March, on the already Festival. People in the five counties of Quan make spring cakes to offer to their ancestors or sweep their graves.

February 19, Guanyin Festival. Women often burn incense.

March 20, Tin Hau Festival (commonly known as A-Ma's birthday). In the past, there were many competitions to welcome the god.

On the fifth day of May, the Dragon Boat Festival. In the past, every family hung willow branches and inserted cattails to get rid of epidemics; they drank xionghuang wine at noon to ward off evil spirits; and they made gifts to each other. Drawing water at noon to bathe the body, not prickly heat. Dragon boat racing on the sea.

June 15, "half a year", families make rice for reunion and offer sacrifices to ancestors.

July, commonly known as the "ghost month", from the beginning of the first "open the gates of hell", release the ghosts of the unsupported, by the Yang people to sacrifice. To the end of the month "closed the door to hell". The streets take turns to "Pudu".

July 7, "Tanabata", the meeting of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden.

July 15, "Zhongyuan", honoring the three gods.

August 15, "Mid-Autumn Festival", wrestling cakes to celebrate each other.

On the ninth day of the ninth month of September, the Chung Yeung Festival is celebrated. Winter Solstice Festival, all families make reunion.

October 15, "Haoyuan", the sacrifice of the three gods.

December 16, "Oyen".

December 24, "Sending God".

December 25, the gods of heaven descend and cannot collect debts.

December 29, New Year's Eve

Taboos

Don't talk about "monkeys" in front of babies. This is for fear that they will suffer from "monkey damage syndrome". If you have to talk about monkeys, you should say "tree climber" or "mountain man" instead.

When you see a fat baby, you should not say "fat" to its face, but "good-looking". You can't say "heavy" when you hold it.

It is extremely rude to point your middle finger at someone.

It is a shame to hit someone with a broom.

Sweeping the floor when a guest arrives, with the intention of expelling the guest, is degrading.

To invite guests with six bowls of food is most disrespectful. （

This is the first time that a person has been sentenced to death, and it is the first time that a person has been sentenced to death.)

Friends and relatives celebratory banquets, hurry to break the plate dishes. The day of the wedding is especially taboo.

Matchmakers to the home to talk about marriage, can not serve tea, said tea is difficult.

The maternal room, before the full moon may not enter.

When you have a meal with someone, you should insert your chopsticks into the rice in a hurry, because it is said that you are sacrificing to a ghost, which is a breach of etiquette.

After the funeral, those wearing mourning clothes, or wearing hemp clothes, should not enter the house. Mourners also can not go to other people's homes to pay homage to the New Year.

Children should wear two hats in a hurry and avoid growing tall.

Open umbrellas in the house, the house is easy to leak.

Southern Fujian is on the eastern coast of the motherland. Minnan people are basically migrated from the Central Plains, mainly in Fujian, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Tong'an, Jinmen, Anxi, Yongchun, Dehua, Zhangzhou and other cities (counties). Since the beginning of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there has been a large number of immigrants from Fujian to Taiwan, and according to statistics, about 75% of the people in all of Taiwan now speak Southern Fujianese. Therefore, Taiwan is also the main gathering place of Minnan people.

Southern Fujian people have the "living fossil of Oriental civilization", after more than a thousand years of evolution, its unique language and marriage customs and so on still retain a deep Tang and Song Dynasty heritage, intriguing. Therefore, only when you really into the southern Fujian, into which you can appreciate the mystery of the southern Fujian, feel the deep and long charm of the southern Fujian culture.

With the yearning for Minnan, we will further recognize the Minnan people from the following aspects: festivals, folk songs and dialects, residence, marriage customs and ancestor worship.

I. Festivals, Folk Songs and Dialects

The Spring Festival, the beginning of the New Year, the renewal of all things, Fujian and Taiwan are commonly practiced in the opening ceremony. Every family puts up new spring couplets to symbolize the renewal of the year and the spring of all things. Men and women, young and old, dressed in new clothes, set up fasting fruit, tea and wine, rice, worship heaven and earth, family gods and ancestors. For breakfast, longevity noodles or rice cakes are eaten to symbolize "long life" and "year after year". After the meal, the youngest and eldest pay homage to the ancestral hall and their elders, and relatives and friends congratulate each other and say auspicious words. Most of the elders give money to the younger ones. Guests to, with fruit sugar, orange, melon seeds, betel nut, etc., a product both lines. With the New Year's Day at the same time there are traveling customs, that is, dressed in new clothes, to a temple to burn incense and kowtow, praying for the blessing of the Bodhisattva. On the first day, the general taboo on killing, eating congee, eating sweet potatoes, clearing feces, crying, taking medicine, breaking objects, etc., in order to seek a year of good luck. Since the Ming Dynasty, Fujian has the custom of visiting the graves in the Spring Festival, especially on the second and third days, most of the Huamen family names sweep the ancestral graves with their elders and children. The fourth day of the first month is the day of receiving. The body is generally referred to as Zaojun, Zao Ma and other household gods. On the fifth day of the month for the opening of the day, the cannon to open the market. Putian, Xianyou and other places, the first five for the "do big year". It is said that on New Year's Eve of a certain year in the Ming Dynasty, Japanese invaders raided, burned and plundered. After the Japanese were driven out on the second day, those who fled returned. On the second and third days, each family is busy with the bodies of their loved ones funeral, no intention to visit the door to pay tribute to the New Year. So they agreed to the future of the second day of the day for each family sacrifice victims, each other do not strings of New Year's Day, in the fourth, fifth day to make up for the line of years of New Year's Day. So, after the Putian region every year in the fourth night to make up for the New Year, the fifth and then the ritual of the great age.

South Fujian folk songs are folk songs sung in Minnan language, which are widely circulated in Fujian and Taiwan, and with the differences in regional environment, living habits, historical changes and other aspects of the formation of a variety of different styles and characteristics. According to the differences in styles, Minnan folk songs in Fujian are mainly divided into two regions, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. In Quanzhou, the folk songs are greatly influenced by the Southern Songs, which contain the ancient scale of Gong and Gong, and the melody is in the form of a smooth progression and a winding line, with a slightly slower medium-speed tempo, which is characterized by its elegance and grace. The folk songs of Zhangzhou are mostly in tune, with simple colors. The local jin songs and plays also give a deep influence to the folk songs, such as Zhangzhou "opera song" and the play "miscellaneous broken tune" tone has a close connection, forming the Yu Shang, Shang two tone areas and melodic tones of the contrast, colorful.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of people from Quanzhou and Zhangzhou immigrated to Taiwan, bringing with them a fairly rich amount of southern Fujian vernacular music with strong local characteristics. As the immigrants spread out, they formed various local tunes, such as Taipei tune, Tainan tune, Zhanghua tune, Hengchun tune, Yilan tune and so on. Nevertheless, these folk songs still have the same local flavor of southern Fujian, and Taiwanese scholars collectively refer to them as Fulao folk songs. The folk songs of the Fulao lineage have been constantly enriched and developed as they have been passed around. For example, after the Fulao people entered Hengchun, they were influenced by the Hakka lineage, and composed folk songs such as "Thought Rising," "Four Seasons Spring," "Three Voices of Helplessness," and "Cow's Tail Swinging," etc., and after they entered Taipei, they composed the "Taipei Tune," "Campbell's Feet Tune," "Monkee Weeping Tune," and so on. In addition, some ancient Minnan folk songs were transmitted to Taiwan and processed through several generations to form quite perfect tunes. Taiwan's southern Fujian folk songs are mostly graded in melodic progression, delicate and beautiful, simple and fluent, easy to catch, and friendly and touching. The singing content of the folk songs in the Southern Fujian language is quite wide-ranging, including nursery rhymes, love songs, narrative songs, ritual songs, labor songs, and so on.

Southern Fujian dialect was formed and developed in the southern Fujian area, it is mainly the people in the northern central plains in different historical eras due to war, war or fleeing the desert and other reasons for many times to the south of the migration into the southern Fujian area after the gradual formation of the dialect. In the process of communication and integration between the Central Plains and the local indigenous languages, the Central Plains Chinese language is absolutely dominant, is the integration of the indigenous languages, although also absorbed a number of components of the indigenous languages, but the final formation of the main Chinese dialect of southern Fujian.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, as Zheng Chenggong led the Min and Hak people into Taiwan, Minnan dialect became the most dominant language in Taiwan. In terms of domestic distribution, the Southern Min dialects can be divided into five major blocks: native Minnan, Taiwanese Minnan, Chaoshan Minnan, Qionglei Minnan and Zhejiang Minnan. Due to the influence of other dialects in the region and the passage of time, there are slight differences among the five major blocks of Southern Min dialects, among which Southern Min native and Taiwan are the closest, with almost no difference. About 75% of the people in Taiwan speak Minnan. Hakka and Mountain languages come next.

Two, residence, marriage customs and ancestor worship

The house structure in southern Fujian is generally the middle of the main hall, the highest roof, the center of the two or three into the courtyard, both sides of the lateral combination of symmetry, the arrangement of strips of protection of the house, respectively, to the sides. The left is the big house, the right is the second house. The backs of the right and left houses are slightly lower. The houses built by the main hall extension look like surrounding a winding dragon, so it is called "surrounding the dragon". This kind of horizontal combination of the protection of the house type residential, the most adapted to the hot climate conditions along the coast of southern Fujian. Quanzhou towns and cities in the residential area, there is a longitudinal layout of narrow strip huts, because the appearance is very much like a long handkerchief, it is commonly known as "handkerchief". Xiamen has another kind of "riding-style" residential houses, the houses are low and many doors, on the flat roof, people can walk. Hui'an and other places abound in granite, more granite used to build completely stone structure residential, unique craftsmanship, modeling style, has become an important part of the culture of southern Fujian.

The unique style of Minnan houses is especially reflected in the roof, the ridge ends such as the swallow house flying up, the middle of the low flat, showing the traditional meaning of the Song Dynasty curved roof, the door of Minnan houses is also quite elaborate, the door must be in the center, and to the far side of the depth of the formation of the hall, resulting in a larger void level, adding a change in the shape of the building.

Southern Fujian wedding customs, the entire wedding process are tied to the custom of the red silk thread, this custom, because it contains "the same heart, together with virtue, grow old together," the beautiful meaning, so the red silk thread as a kind of good-luck charm throughout the entire wedding process.

The first use of red thread is in the marriage proposal, the male party in the accompanying gift, in the outside of the package, to use a red thread bundled up, there are also red lines instead. When entering the woman's home, placed in a prominent position in the hall, to show auspicious good luck. When both sides are satisfied with the marriage, the next step is to choose a wedding day, commonly known as "choose the day". "Choose the day" is by the male party to choose a both respect and trust relatives as messengers, so that the female party does not show the girl's "eight characters of the birth". Write a good "eight characters of the birth date", to be wrapped in a piece of red paper, which has a red silk thread, so that the male party to bring back "with the birth of the time, choose the day" means to hold the marriage.

On the day of the wedding, the two sides to send each other many gifts, are tied with a small red silk thread and small red paper. Such as motorcycles, refrigerators, as small as a small pair of scissors; from fish, meat, noodles and other fresh food, to contain cookies, candies, cigarettes and other dried fruits in the gift box; and even all the two sides of the gifts, including the size of the red envelopes sent to each other, should be serious, no ambiguity.

Married to do wedding, the two sides of the house hall in addition to the posting of happy couplets, but also have to stick on the small red strips and red thread tied into the decorations, placed in the hall and the new room on the door brow, in order to luck, it is really a "marriage of a thousand miles of line".

According to folklore, since ancient times there has been a "thousand miles of marriage line". Tube of marriage there is a moon Santa Claus, preordained, secretly only with a red line to the two feet trip, with your two families across the sea, across the country, there is a feud, but also ultimately have the opportunity to do husband and wife. If the moon under the Santa Claus do not use the red thread tethered, and then how can not be together. To this day, the custom of tying a red thread, as retained in southern Fujian, is rare.

Whenever the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, southern Fujian and Taiwan folk have the old custom of honoring the ancestors, called the "March Festival", to honor the ancestors, people go to the mountains to sweep the graves before the ancestors to be worshiped in the ancestral shrine or at home, to the graveyard, to worship the "God of the land", and then, on the graves of the ancestors to press the paper on the graves. When people visit their ancestors' graves, they should first worship their ancestors at their ancestral shrines or homes, and when they arrive at the graveyard, they should first worship the "Land God", and then, they should make offerings on the ancestors' graves by pressing paper on the graves, filling in the graves, and painting the graves with dancers to show that their children and grandchildren will not forget the kindness of their ancestors. Taiwan compatriots brought the ancestral family festivals and customs to the other side of the strait, and are still practiced today.

Thousands of years of civilization of the Chinese nation has given birth to different regions, different ethnic groups, different dialects of the distinctive folk culture. Minnan custom is one of the wonders of the folk culture. Nowadays, with the historic leap of China's social development, the change of folk customs is inevitable, but the culture of Minnan will always be maintained.