Artistic Characteristics of She Folk Songs

Songs and customs mainly include love songs on the road, guest than belly talent, being a cousin, being an in-laws uncle, and so on. Songs mainly include the Niu Shi Gang Songs in Suti Mountain around Muyang in Fuan in April of the lunar calendar, the Songs in Baiyun Mountain in Liuyang, Fuan on the first day of June, the Songs in Baiyun Mountain in Shekou and Yingkeng in Fuan on the first seven days of July, the Songs in Chengguan Township of Fuan on the fifteenth day of the Mid-Autumn Festival of the eighth lunar month, and the Songs in Meilian Mountain of Mayang in Chengguan Township of Xiamen on the ninth day of the ninth day of the ninth month of September, with the Songs in Ge Yun Mountain of Xi'nan, and so on.

Laboring on the mountain, single person often to song drive loneliness, someone heard in the distance, listening to the age of the opposite sex, it is often connected to the development of love singing. There are often people on the mountains singing to each other, so some people say that Shexiang is a sea of songs, so there are also people who call the She song as a mountain song.

Farming time, the village came to the guests, the village of similar age of the opposite sex will be active, the sky is dark, the singers to the host's home to set off a firecracker, pouring into the middle of the hall to start the song: the sun fell in the mountains of the plain in the yellow, too (to see) to see the brother (sister) mother hole (Lang hole) to come, the sister (brother) risk (no) Na (things) good hospitality, Ansar (tonight) line to play the big store (to the song). If the guest is a singer, he will quickly match the song; if the guest is not a singer, he will be scolded by the song so that he will have to learn it when he goes back to the village. If the guests come, no one in the village to the song, will also be regarded as the village incompetent. Looking for guests on the song, the village on the field singers must be similar age of the opposite sex, the guest must be non-village married; the main family, such as three years of mourning period or build a house erected columns, not on the song, to be on also want to put someone else's home to the right. Guests to the song, mainly singing love songs, married people on both sides are not constrained, can be completely false drama, both unmarried are begging for, often sing to a lifelong partner.

The guest song, generally on the whole night, midnight when the host family burned snacks to entertain all present, sing to dawn, to sing the twelve Chinese zodiac song to send the song god, the end of the nagging song nagging to the sky big light, send you out of the countryside, sing a song of peace and incense, all year round to protect the well-being of the people. At the end of the song, the main singers in the village have to collect some money to give to the guests as hand pay. Of course, if you have a real relationship with the singer, it's not a matter of giving away a little bit of money.

In addition, there are three lively scenes in the She wedding custom. First, when the welcoming party arrived at the door of the woman's home; secondly, when borrowing pots and killing chickens; thirdly, when the wedding banquet wine after three rounds, Chiming, sisters raise their glasses to toast, the bride served with a pair of red candle lamps, wine marquee, silver bracelets on the toast plate, accompanied by the bride's sisters according to the seats of the guests to sing the "Toast Song". The toast starts with the first guest, uncle, who sings the toast song and sends a pair of shoes to uncle, who then puts the prepared red packet on the plate and drinks the wine, then toasts the other guests one by one. The two-voice She song "Shuangyin" is passed down in Monkey Shield She Village of Badu Town, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City, Fujian Province, as well as in the neighboring She villages. It is the only surviving two-voice She song among the She songs in China. She "Shuangyin" is different from other She songs because of its unique way of singing and the combination of polyphony of the vocal parts. It is of great academic and practical value.

She two-voice mountain song "double tone" the main forms of expression

1, two-voice mountain song "double tone" is a clear singing, singing form, each voice at least 1 person, the number of people singing each voice can be more or less, regardless of the voice of the men and women, Women sing separately, can also be sung by the same gender in both parts, but love songs must be sung by men and women each singing a part. 2, two-voice mountain song "double tone" word law lyrics structure is basically a seven-word sentence, four lines of the body, four lines for a line. 3, two-voice part of the mountain song "double tone" voice combination form There are the following types: (1) support voice by two voices at the same time singing the same melody and its variants, (2) and tone between the two voices of the rhythm is basically the same, the melody is basically different, constituting a variety of different intervals relationship. The terminating notes of the phrases are the same. (3) In the chorale style, one voice comes in and the other follows. The head and tail are placed on top of each other. (4) The imitative form consists of the same melody and its variants, appearing successively in the form of imitations in the unquestioning voices.

The Academic Value of the She Diatonic Song "Shuangyin": In the history of music, the common She folk songs have only a single voice, but the She "Shuangyin" is a multi-voice folk song, and it is not common to see similar She "Shuangyin" songs among the folk songs of other ethnic minorities. The She "Shuangyin" is a polyphonic folk song, and among other ethnic minority folk songs, there are not many folk songs like the She "Shuangyin" with polyphonic nature. Secondly, the rich content and basic characteristics of the She "double tone", as well as its history of inheritance, are rare in the She folk music culture and other minority folk songs in China. Rescuing and protecting the She "two-tone" will not only enrich and improve the history of Chinese music, the history of Chinese minority music, but also the history of the world music, which will have a certain role in promoting. The practical value of the two-voice She folk songs lies in the fact that it will have an important contribution to the construction of spiritual civilization in the She region and even in the whole country, enriching the cultural life, improving the cultural quality of the people, promoting the all-round development of national unity and progress, and constructing a harmonious socialist society. She folk songs can be roughly divided into narrative songs (including myths and legends and novels), miscellaneous songs (including love, labor life, teaching knowledge, ethics and morals, entertainment life, etc.), and ceremonial songs (including marriage rituals, ancestor worship and merit songs, etc.) according to their contents.

The tunes of She folk songs can be broadly categorized into two main types: mountain song tunes and Shigong tunes. Mountain song tunes include: Fu Ning, Fuding, Xiapu, Luolian, Lishui, Jingning, Longquan and Wencheng tunes. Shigong tune includes chanting tune and singing with doing public morality action.

She mountain songs are mostly sung in falsetto, and there are three variations according to the singing method, such as the flat speaking tune, falsetto singing, and putting on high notes. There is also a two-tone form of singing in Qidu, Baidu and Jiudu in the northern part of Ningde, Fujian Province. It is sung by two men and two women with the same lyrics, and the tunes form a branching, imitative or harmonic relationship with each other. This form of singing was once prevalent for a period of time, and the representative repertoire includes "Wind Blowing Bamboo Leaves, Tidi Tidi," etc. The song is now endangered. It is now endangered and needs to be rescued.

She people like to sing songs, not only wedding celebrations, singing on New Year's Day, but also in the production of labor, entertaining guests, leisure rest, talking about love when singing, and even in the funeral sadness, but also in the song instead of crying to pour out their feelings. She folk songs are generally written in four- or seven-character rhymes, with four lines for a song, and there are also a few lyrics with three or five words in the first line, which rhyme, and the last word of the third line must be in an oblique tone. There are many She folk songs in the form of solo, duet and chorus, including narrative songs, custom songs, labor songs, seasonal songs, novel songs, revolutionary songs, children's songs and miscellaneous songs. There are 935 wedding songs and 642 dirge songs of the She people in "Chinese Folk Literature - Zhejiang Province Volume", and there are also 4 long songs such as "Fighting Wine Bureau", "Fighting Salt Boss", "Ancient Songs" and "Songs of Mrs. Soup" compiled with local historical facts. She singing forms include solo singing, duet singing, and singing in unison. Among them, unaccompanied songs are the favorite form of music of the She people. She songs have different tunes depending on the region. For example, there are four tuning areas in the eastern part of Fujian, namely, Fuding Tuning Area (popular in Fuding, Zherong, and the northern part of Xiapu County. It belongs to the five-tone Shang tuning style), Xia Shang tuning area (popular in most of Xiapu County, Fu Ning County and other areas, belongs to the Shang tuning style), Fu Ning tuning area (popular in Fu'an, Ningde, Shouning, Folk South, Gutian, Zhou Ning, western part of Tsuerong, etc.), Luo Lian tuning area (popular in Luoyuan Lianjiang, Ningde, southern part of Feiluan, etc.), and She people in Zhejiang has 5 basic tunes, namely, Lishui tuning, Jingning tuning, Wencheng tuning, Longquan tuning, and Rui'an tuning. Throughout, She songs are characterized by a soft voice, and in terms of lyric structure, the songs are relatively neat, with more than 7 words a line, and four lines into a paragraph (also known as an article). A folk song, less than 1-2, more than 7-8; tuning is mostly pentatonic tuning, Gong, Shang Angle, Levitation, Feather five kinds of tuning are available, of which the Shang tuning is the most widely distributed, followed by Angle, Levitation, Feather, Gong tuning again.

The She people specialize in two-part repetitive singing, which is called double-tone, and the She people call it double-stripe fall. In singing, with the nature of the round singing. Double tone is initially sung by two people, and develops to the point where it can be sung by three or four people. Generally not more than 4 people. Two voices on the part of two people singing, two singers can be a man and a woman, can also be two men and two such as a man and a woman by the two re-singing, male first or female first sing can be, after the singer can be in the first singers sing after two words or four words to pick up the song, with the former singers to sing the same lyrics and similar but not exactly the same tunes. Double tone in singing, generally men and women use falsetto voice, later men dare to sing with real voice, sound more clear voice. She falsetto singing pursues serenity, tenderness, cleanliness and simplicity. Due to the different singing methods, the same song can be sung in a flat tone, in falsetto and in treble and in three different tunes. The singing of double tone does not strictly regulate the time and occasion, but it must be sung in the singing season, that is, from the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar to the 3rd day of the 3rd month of the following year as the singing season of She family. Especially in the first month of the lunar calendar, March 3, August 15, September 9 and other festivals, the She family always travels in groups to visit friends and relatives, singing as a conversation, and also holds grand singing sessions. This is a good time to appreciate the She family's two voices.

She folk songs pay attention to the rhyme of the She language, many people can improvise and sing, and some singers sing for one or two nights without repeating. Some singers sing for one or two nights without repeating themselves. They sing in falsetto with the sounds of li, luo, ah, yi, le, etc., and they do not sing in falsetto when they are learning the songs, which is called "flat singing". Each county has a tune for singing joyful songs, and the whole nation is united by one tune for singing sad songs. The form of singing is solo, duet, and unison, rarely accompanied by movement and instrumental music.

Transmitting the teacher to learn the teacher is the activity of the She master to learn the teacher to learn the teacher's disciples, in the holding of the teacher to learn the teacher's ceremony, all the priests sit on the feast table, by the host teacher who presided over the ceremony of transmitting the teacher to learn the teacher's rhythmic drums on the table to sing their own song of soldiers. When passing on the mantra to the master, the priests blow, shake, pull, and bang on the sound of props and instruments such as bell knives, dragon horns, flat drums, bells, and qin xiao, sometimes reciting incantations and chanting, and sometimes singing and dancing. She folk songs can be divided into short songs and long songs according to the number of songs, independent of a short song, usually sing short songs; a few, dozens or even hundreds of folk songs for an overall content of the long song (or narrative song), such as the "High King Song", "sealing the Golden Mountain", "the hour song", etc., Jingning area, there are also "playing salt bar", "playing the liquor board", "Mrs. Tang song", and other long songs. The Song of the High King is a long song that describes the legend of the origin of the She people, which is regarded by the She people as a treasure of the She people and an epic of the nation, and has been sung by the She people for generations, with 112 poems***.

Labor songs are sung to express the agricultural seasons to be followed in each production work, introduce the knowledge of production, how to strive for a good harvest and realize a good life. Some of the songs that have been widely circulated include: the 24 Seasons Song, the 12 Hours Song, the Planting Song, the Plowing Song, and the Tea Picking Song. The "Chopping Wood Song" is one of the widely circulated labor songs in the She ethnic area, which is sung by all She people of both sexes, young and old, and the exact date of its formation is not known. The song is an improvised labor song sung by She girls who meet young men chopping wood when they are working in the mountains and fields, and its content is philosophical and has the sentiment of love between a man and a woman.

The love songs, also known as the edge songs, are the most numerous, the most widely circulated and the most stirring folk songs among the She folk songs. Most of the love songs are set against something to express the love between men and women, young men and women talk about love through love songs, pouring out their sincere feelings to each other, eliminating all obstacles, realizing the purpose of men and women as husband and wife, even if the middle-aged and old-aged singers sing to the song, but also good to interspersed with heart-wrenching love songs to help. Love song duet" She language, called nag song, that is, men and women sing to each other, is a unique form of national style of cultural life, as long as you go into the She village, you can hear the mountains, the fields of men and women sing to each other. Love song duet, basically a man and a woman singing, each singing a song, a song and a young men and women meet, generally by the female lead singer, the male according to the lead singer's lyrics to respond to the content of the lyrics, so and singers to sing along with the compilation of the more difficult. Love songs in addition to field labor singing, but also night singing, starting after dinner, the end of dawn. One is not to hinder the labor time; two can attract many listeners.

She people like to sing songs, to song speech, communication, song on the matter, good and punish evil, song to pass on knowledge, than the wisdom of the fight, the more characteristic is in the funeral grief, song instead of crying, pouring out grief. Lamentations, also known as funeral songs, formed a long time ago, so far She Village She adults died into the coffin, the spirit of the hall on both sides of the benches, where the deceased under the generation are seated and sing lamentations, the entire spirit of the hall did not bawl, only the lamentation song, most of the content of the lamentation song in memory of the dead, remembrance of the deceased during his life as a good man, to express the respect for the dead, pray for the deceased's peace of mind, repentance of the deceased during his life and the lack of care of filial piety son of the commendation of unfilial rebuke, the content of the song, the song, the song, the song is not a good thing, but it is the most important thing. The tune of the song is low and sad.

The She people also have songs of merit that memorialize their forefathers and recount their history. The Song of Merit has a handwritten text with unified lyrics and is danced by specialized priests, and it is the song that must be sung to do various types of merit. The difference is that the merit song has action, props, location in the master between or in the home stove side, the song has: the sound of the call, month after month singing, the big parting, small parting, daughter-in-law bitter, rolled line, cattle cubs pass, twenty-four filial piety, five sighs, filial piety, Zaojun protection, folder song and so on the 12 paragraphs, sing to sing three rounds of the content of the song folder song, sung by a group of three, a person carrying a basket on the shoulder (there are also used to cut the grain), hand grabbed a handful of white rice, the other two people Carrying a bag, around the coffin, the song dance, like catching a crane, through the crane, crane, crane, crane, meaning that the attraction of the soul ascension to heaven, the deceased immortal master riding a crane to heaven, singing the crane song, jumping crane dance.