How many schools of Chinese architecture are there?

Strictly speaking, there is no school of Chinese architecture, and the factions formed are based on the different styles of dwellings formed by the original inhabitants over time according to the local customs, and the most important elements taken into account are the local precipitation, sunshine and other climatic conditions. According to this style and use to divide Chinese architecture can be divided into the following six categories: Min School, Sichuan School, Anhui School, Beijing School, Suzhou School, Jin School.

1, the Anhui school of architecture is one of the most prominent architectural styles in the five major architectural schools, and it is the representative of the southern residential areas in China. People are most familiar with the Anhui School, which is a part of the Anhui School, and the most representative of the Anhui School is Xidi and Hongcun villages in Yixian County, which was included in the "World Heritage List" in 2000. The architectural style of the Huizhou School has "three masterpieces" (houses, ancestral halls and pagodas) and "three carvings" (wood carving, stone carving and brick carving). Hui architecture is obviously an ancient architectural style popular in the vicinity of Anhui Province. Green tiles and white walls are the prominent impressions of Huizhou architecture. The staggered horse head wall not only has the beauty of modeling, but more importantly, it has the practical function of fire prevention , blocking the spread of fire.

2, one of the characteristics of the Huizhou style houses is high walls and deep yards, on the one hand, it is a defense against thieves, on the other hand, it is the suffering of the migrant family to obtain the psychological security needs. Another characteristic of Huizhou-style houses is the inward courtyard formed with a deep patio as the center, surrounded by a high wall, with almost no tile visible from the outside, and the only way to communicate with the outside world is to use the long and narrow patio for light and ventilation. The only way to communicate with the outside world is to use the long and narrow patio for light and ventilation. This basic form, centered on the patio and enclosed by high walls, is the focus of people's attention. Rainwater falling from the four sides of the roof flows into the patio, commonly known as the "four water to the hall", but also a graphic reflection of the Huizhou merchants "fat water does not flow outside the field" mentality, which is similar to the Jin School of residence.

3, the Min school of residential that is popular in the southern Fujian region of an architectural style, which "Tulou" is its most distinctive representative. Fujian Tulou, throughout most of the province, especially in southwestern Fujian Zhangzhou, Longyan area for the masses, which is located in the west of Yongding County and the south of Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an and other counties are the most concentrated, is a kind of for the gathering of people to live in, and has a defense performance of residential buildings. It originated from the ancient Central Plains of the raw soil plate building construction technology, Song and Yuan period has appeared, the Ming and Qing dynasties tend to flourish, continues to this day.

4, the Beijing school, northern China courtyard houses to the Beijing school of architecture is the most typical, and the Beijing school of architecture in the courtyard is the most typical. Courtyard is a traditional residence in Beijing and even North China. Beijing courtyard houses are famous because although they are residential buildings, they contain deep cultural connotations and are the carriers of traditional Chinese culture. The construction of the courtyard is extremely concerned about feng shui, from the choice of land, positioning to determine the specific size of each building, according to the theory of feng shui to carry out. Feng shui theory, in fact, is the ancient Chinese building environment science, is an important part of the traditional Chinese human settlements building theory, this kind of feng shui theory, for thousands of years has been guiding the ancient Chinese building activities. In addition to the feng shui theory, the courtyard decoration, carving, painting also everywhere reflects the folklore and traditional culture, showing a certain historical conditions of people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, affluence and auspiciousness. For example, the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters implies "good fortune and longevity", the pattern of moonflower inserted in a vase implies "four seasons of peace", and the auspicious words embedded in the doorpipe and door head, the pillar couplets attached to the cornice, as well as the paintings and calligraphies hanging indoors, are all the more important as the ancient teachings of the wise and philosophical. It is a collection of ancient teachings of sages and philosophers, ancient and modern quotations, or praise the beauty of the mountains and rivers, or the study of the world, or the aspirations of the swan, elegant and elegant, full of rich cultural flavor, the courtyard, as if stepping into a temple of traditional Chinese culture.

5, the Soviet-style houses refers to the architectural style of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, is the architectural style of the north and south of the master, garden layout is one of its distinctive features. Su residential south-oriented, so you can winter wind and sunrise, summer wind cool, full of the flavor of the ancient culture of the Jiangnan water town. The roofs with high ridges and corners, together with the horseback building, brick doorways, Ming tile windows, street buildings and so on. Powder walls and tiles, lined up, light and simple, simple and elegant, reflecting the art of clear, light, elegant, plain features. Chinese traditional garden layout pursuit of the theory of zigzag: garden layout pay attention to the structure of the layout, the layout of the zigzag deep, straight exposed to the meandering, soothing at the undulation, Chinese traditional garden layout seeks a "hidden" word (compared to the European gardens) most of the royal gardens, the scale of the gardens, the gardens open the door to see the mountains, a glimpse of a glance, a clear picture. While traditional Chinese gardens seek to borrow scenery, traditional Chinese gardens in the distribution of ancient buildings: halls, chambers, lounges, pavilions, buildings, terraces, pavilions, pavilions, portals, corridors, patios and alleyways.

6, Jin School is just a general term, not only refers to the area of Shanxi also includes Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai part of the region, only in these areas in Shanxi area of the architectural style is more mature. Jin school of architecture is divided into two categories: one is the urban architecture of Shanxi, which is the narrow sense of the Jin school of architecture; the other is the kiln building in northern Shaanxi and the surrounding areas, which is also the most widely distributed in the northwest region of an architectural style.