What are the historical and cultural heritages?

The Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties (the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Forbidden City in Shenyang), the Summer Palace, the Great Wall and the Temple of Heaven.

Chengde mountain resort and surrounding temples, Pingyao ancient city, Zhoukoudian Peking man site.

Old Town of Lijiang, Suzhou Classical Gardens, Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and Terracotta Warriors Pit, Dazu Stone Carvings.

Wudang Mountain Ancient Buildings, Mogao Grottoes, Potala Palace (Jokhang Temple, Norbulingka)

Longmen Grottoes, Qufu Confucius Temple, Kong Lin Confucius House, imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties (Ming Xianling Mausoleum, Qing Dongling Mausoleum, Qing Xiling Mausoleum, Ming Tombs, Shengjing Sanling Mausoleum), Qingcheng Mountain-Dujiangyan.

Ancient villages in southern Anhui, Yungang Grottoes, Koguryo Palace in China, the tombs of princes and nobles, the ancient city of Macau and Yin Ruins.

1987 65438+February The Great Wall was listed in the World Heritage List.

The Great Wall in China is the greatest construction project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it became the Great Wall of Wan Li. Large-scale construction in hamming period. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

The Great Wall is located in the north of China, starting from Shanhaiguan in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of about 6,700 kilometers. It is commonly known as the Great Wall of Wan Li.

The construction of the Great Wall lasted for more than two thousand years. According to historical records, the Great Wall was built by more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties from the construction of Fangcheng by Chu in the 7th century BC to the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644). Among them, the Great Wall in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is more than 5,000 kilometers long. If you add up the Great Wall built in different eras, the total length is more than 50,000 kilometers. If we build a masonry earthwork wall with a thickness of 1 meter and a height of 5 meters for the Great Wall, this wall can circle the earth more than once.

The main project of the Great Wall is a tall wall stretching across Wan Li, most of which is built at the highest point of the mountain. The endless winding mountains are clearly outlined along the ridge, shaping a galloping and magnificent dragon and becoming a symbol of the Chinese nation. On the wall of Wan Licheng, there are hundreds of Xiongguan and Pass, thousands of watchtowers and beacon towers, which break the monotony of the wall and make the undulating terrain more majestic and steep, full of great artistic charm.

Among all the Great Wall landscapes, Badaling Great Wall in Beijing is particularly strong and well-preserved, and it is the best place to watch the Great Wall. In addition, there are Jinshanling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall and Gubeikou Great Wall. Tianjin Huangyaguan Great Wall, Hebei Shanhaiguan and Gansu Jiayuguan are also famous Great Wall tourist attractions.

The Great Wall in Wan Li, China, is the longest and largest national military defense project in the world. It embodies the sweat and wisdom of our ancestors and is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation.

According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall. The first is Chu, which began to build the Great Wall to defend the northern nomadic people or enemy countries. Later, countries such as Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao and Qin began to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose. After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang sent a famous soldier, Meng Tian, to explore the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Walls of various countries, stretching for more than 10,000 miles from Yao in the west to Liaodong in the east, hence the name "Wan Li Great Wall". But what we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall.

There are only relics left in Qin Changcheng. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with 300,000 people, which created a miracle in the history of human architecture. The construction of the Great Wall objectively played a positive role in preventing the Huns from invading the south and protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented: "Although the first emperor had no choice, the Great Wall made great contributions to later generations. In fact, Dayu managed water and so on."

The Han Dynasty continued to build the Great Wall. From Wendi to Xuan Di, from Dawaner Shicheng in the west to the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east, a 10,000-kilometer-long Great Wall was built. Half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Great Wall, which was the longest in history. In the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall never stopped in order to prevent the invasion of Tatars and Waci people. From Hongwu to Wanli, after 20 large-scale constructions, from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west to Hushan in Liaodong in the east, a side wall of 6,350 kilometers was built. (But it is reported that in 1990, the pedometer of a China man who walked the whole Great Wall showed 6700 kilometers. )

The Great Wall has great tourism value and historical and cultural significance. Now, after careful development and restoration, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Badaling, Simatai, Mutianyu and Jiayuguan have become famous tourist attractions at home and abroad. Looking into the distance, with the ancient bosom, the ancient battlefield seems to be just around the corner. Today, the Great Wall, together with the Egyptian pyramids, the Colosseum in Rome and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, is known as the seven wonders of the world. It is a monument of China's ancient culture and the crystallization of wisdom, symbolizing the blood and national spirit of the Chinese nation.

imperial capital

The Forbidden City 1987 is listed as a world cultural heritage by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the largest and most complete ancient wooden structure complex in the world, and it is also the largest and most complete ancient architecture complex in China. It was built in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1406) and took 14 years to complete. Twenty-four emperors successively ascended the throne here.

The Forbidden City, an unparalleled masterpiece of ancient architecture, covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters and has more than 9,000 palaces, all of which are made of wooden structures, yellow glazed tiles and blue-white stone foundations, decorated with brilliant colored paintings. These palaces are arranged along a north-south central axis and spread to both sides. North and south are symmetrical. This central axis runs through the Forbidden City, Yongdingmen in the south, Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north, and runs through the whole city. It is magnificent, carefully planned and extremely spectacular. Architects believe that the design and architecture of the Forbidden City is indeed an unparalleled masterpiece, and its plane layout, three-dimensional effect, grandeur and harmonious form can be said to be rare in the world. It marks the long cultural tradition of our motherland and shows the outstanding achievements of craftsmen in architecture more than 500 years ago.

Three striking halls

The most attractive buildings in the Forbidden City are three halls: Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe. They are all built on an 8-meter-high white marble platform, which looks like the Fairy Que in Gong Qiong from a distance. The first hall, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, is the most magnificent building, commonly known as the "Golden King Hall", where the emperor held a grand ceremony. The hall is 28 meters high, 63 meters from east to west and 35 meters from north to south. There are 92 large columns, with a diameter of 1 m, of which 6 are painted dragon columns painted in pink gold around the throne. The throne is located on a 2-meter-high platform in the temple, with exquisite cranes, stoves and tripods in front and finely carved screens behind. The whole hall is resplendent and magnificent. Zhonghe Hall is the place where the emperor rested and practiced etiquette before going to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for a ceremony. Baohe Hall is the place where the emperor fetes foreign princes and ministers every New Year's Eve.

A vibrant palace

The second half of the Forbidden City is called the Imperial Palace, with Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace as the center, and the East and West wings are the Sixth Palace and the Sixth Palace, which is the place where the emperor usually works and the queen lives and lives. The second half is the same as the first half in architectural style. The first half of the building image is serious, solemn, grand and majestic, symbolizing the supremacy of the emperor. The second half of the palace is full of vitality, and most of the buildings are self-contained courtyards, including gardens, study rooms, pavilions and rocks. To the north of the Palace of Kunning is the Royal Garden. There are towering pines and cypresses, precious flowers and trees, strange rocks and pavilions in the imperial garden. Wanchun Pavilion and Qian Qiu Pavilion are the most magnificent ancient pavilions preserved at present.

Collect 6,543,800 pieces of cultural relics.

Visit the Forbidden City, first, appreciate the rich and colorful architectural art; The second is to watch the precious cultural relics displayed indoors. The Palace Museum has a large collection of precious cultural relics. According to statistics, there are as many as 1 0,052,653 pieces, totaling 1 10,000 pieces, accounting for16 of the total national cultural relics, many of which are unique national treasures. In several palaces, art galleries, treasure halls, clock halls, etc. Has been established. Art lovers often can't bear to leave in front of these incomparable works of art for a long time. The Treasure Hall, located on the East Road of the Forbidden City, displays all kinds of rare treasures. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, a set of gold, silver, bead and cloud dragon armor was wrapped with 16 dragons, which was lifelike and interspersed among clouds. The armor is made up of about 600,000 small steel sheets, each steel sheet is about 1mm thick, 4mm long and 1mm wide. Small holes are drilled for threaded connection. It is said that it took more than 40,000 man-hours to make this suit of armor.