Rules for watching the ball at a soccer field

The ball game in which the foot dominates the ball. Soccer is highly confrontational, and athletes use a variety of actions allowed by the rules, including running, stopping in a hurry, turning, falling, jumping, rushing, etc., to engage in fierce competition with their opponents in the game. The long duration of the game, the large number of spectators, and the large competition venue are unmatched by any other sport.

Traditional soccer is 20 pieces of 6-sided and 12 pieces of 5-sided a **** 32 pieces of skin composition

Soccer is a foot dominated ball-based, two teams in the same field of attack and defense of the sports program. Soccer is the world's most popular, the most widely carried out, the largest impact of sports, known as "the world's first sports". Some countries have designated soccer as the "national sport". A wonderful soccer game, attracting thousands of viewers and hundreds of millions of television viewers become an important content of television programs, reports on soccer news, occupies the world's various newspapers and magazines, today's soccer has become an indispensable part of people's lives. According to incomplete statistics, the world now regularly participate in the game of the team about 800,000, registered athletes about 40 million people, of which about 100,000 professional athletes.

Features of football

Football has such a great charm, not only because the soccer game breeds a rich connotation, but also with the characteristics of the soccer game.

I. Holistic. Each team in a soccer game consists of 11 people on the field to participate. The 11 people on the field of thought, action should be the same, the attack is the whole movement, the code of the whole defense, the overall participation in the war consciousness should be strong. Only the formation of a whole offense and defense, in order to obtain the initiative and good results of the game.

Two, confrontation. Soccer is a competitive rivalry project, the game for both sides to fight for control, to achieve the ball into the opponent's goal, but not to let the ball into the goal of the purpose of the short fight, especially in the two penalty areas near the time, space is the fight is exceptionally fierce, heart-wrenching. A high-level game, the two sides due to scramble and collision on the ground as many as 200 times, visible confrontation of the intense.

Three, versatility. Soccer is a technical colorful, tactical unpredictable, unpredictable winners and losers of the end of the non-periodic sports, the game, the use of technology and tactics by the other side of the direct interference, restrictions and resistance. The technique and tactics are utilized flexibly and flexibly according to the specific situation in the field.

Four, easy to implement. Soccer competition rules are relatively concise, equipment and equipment requirements are not high. General soccer games time, the number of participants, venues and equipment are not subject to strict limitations, and therefore is a very easy to carry out the mass of fitness sports.

The role of soccer

I, conducive to the formation of good psychological quality and ideological character. Regularly engaged in soccer, not only on their own good character formation can have a great impact, but also can develop the will, self-control, sense of responsibility and courage, tenacity, perseverance, the courage to overcome difficulties, unity and cooperation, close cooperation, sense of collective honor, discipline and other ideological virtues.

Two, is conducive to enhance physical fitness and promote health. Soccer is a good means of comprehensive exercise and physical fitness, is a national fitness activities in a well-established sports program. Regularly engaged in soccer, can improve people's strength, speed, sensitivity, endurance, flexibility and other physical qualities, and can make people's higher nervous activity to improve, especially to enhance the human cardiovascular system, respiratory system and other internal organs function, so as to promote the health of the human body. It has been determined that an excellent soccer player's lung capacity is 2000~3500 milliliters more than normal people, and the heart rhythm when quiet is 15~22 times lower than normal people/minute.

Third, conducive to the construction of spiritual civilization. In the reform and opening up today, soccer has become a part of people's lives in many cities in China. People get emotional experience from playing soccer, get artistic enjoyment from watching soccer, and get ideological exchange from talking about soccer. Soccer has enriched people's amateur cultural activities and improved people's quality of life. Soccer has become an important part of politics, economy, culture and life of some cities. It attracts millions of citizens, it reflects the spirit of the city, it is one of the signs of the city's image, it is the carrier of spiritual civilization construction.

Fourth, it is conducive to invigorate the national spirit. In major international soccer matches, can inspire the people to unite and struggle, enterprising spirit and patriotism enthusiasm. Such as Cameroon's soccer team into the World Cup when the top 8, President Beyer awarded goalkeeper Nkorno and striker Mira the highest citizenship knighthood - "Lord Courageous", all players and coaches were awarded the "Order of Courage". ". In his speech, he praised them for providing a lesson for the whole of Africa, namely "unity in the struggle for victory". Another example is in January 1981, when the Chinese team in Hong Kong over North Korea and other soccer teams, won the 12th World Cup Asian group champion; in October 1987, when the Chinese team in Tokyo over Japan to get the right to enter the Seoul Olympics, the Chinese people for the four construction of a jubilant scene, greatly inspired the Chinese people, invigorated the spirit of the nation.

The origin of soccer

Soccer is an ancient sporting activity with a long history. The earliest origin of China's ancient ball game "Cuju", and later through the Arabs to Europe, the development of modern soccer. Therefore, the hometown of soccer is China. It is said that the Greeks and Romans played soccer before the Middle Ages. They put the ball on a white line in the center of a rectangular field and kicked the ball with their feet to roll it to the opponent's field, which was called "Habastom" at that time. By the early 19th century, soccer had become quite popular in some European and Latin American countries, especially in capitalist England. It was not until 1848 that the first written rules of the game, the Cambridge Rules, were born. However, a lot of information shows that the emergence of soccer in ancient China was earlier than in Europe and had a longer history. Ancient Chinese soccer was called "cuju" or "stepping on a bow", "cu" and "stepping on" both mean kicking, and "bow" means kicking. "Ju" is the name of the ball. "Cuju" word was first recorded in the "Historical Records of the bandits up Qi writing", the Han Dynasty Liu Xiang "Record" and the Tang Yan Shi Zeng for the "Han Book - Mei multiply biography" are recorded. To the Tang and Song dynasties, "Cuju" activities have been very prevalent, and become the court in the elegant activities. 1958 July, the current President of FIFA Dr. Avilanchier came to China had said: soccer originated in China. Of course, due to the limitations of the feudal society, ancient Chinese cuju activities eventually did not develop into a modern soccer game based on the principle of "fair play". The qualitative leap was made in capitalist England.

Cuju in the Han Dynasty

The Han and Tang dynasties were the most prosperous periods for the development of soccer in ancient China, with the development of direct competition. By the Tang Dynasty (618-977 AD), the ball used for cuju, filled with hair to be blown by the mouth, and two goals instead of the "bow room". To the Song Dynasty (AD 960 to 1279), Cuju more developed double goal and single goal competition, and called Qiyunsha or round the club organization appeared, and the ball used by people blowing with their mouths, the development of the use of air cylinders to pump, closer and closer to modern soccer.

Cuju in the Han Dynasty is a means of training soldiers, the development of a more complete system. Such as specializing in the setting of the stadium, the provisions of the east-west direction of the rectangle, each end of the six symmetrical "bow domain" also known as "bow room", each guarded by a person. The field was surrounded by a wall. The game is divided into two teams, mutual offense and defense, to kick the number of times into the other side of the bow room to decide the winner.

After the initial popularity of the Han Dynasty, the Tang and Song dynasties cuju activities reached a climax, and even appeared in accordance with the field position division of labor kicking. Cuju in the Tang Dynasty has a variety of ways, there is the number of times the top of the game ball "play bow", there is the middle of the field hanging nets, similar to the net soccer "white play", there are many people involved in the scramble "jumping bow", there is the establishment of the goal game, and the game will be the winner of the match. There is also the establishment of the goal of the game, this way each team has a certain number of people and a fixed position, the provisions of the players can only kick in their own position, can not move.

In early 2004, FIFA confirmed that soccer originated in China, and that "cuju" is the earliest historically documented soccer activity. "Warring States Strategy" and "Records of the Grand Historian" is the earliest record of cuju literature, the former describes the Spring and Autumn period more than 2,300 years ago, the capital of the State of Qi Linzi (now Zibo, Shandong Province) popular cuju activities, the latter records, cuju is the training of soldiers at that time, to examine the physical fitness of soldiers ("蹹 bow, the military situation is also so practicing the warrior, know that there is also material"). ).

The pre-Song cuju brief

The word "cuju" was first mentioned in the "Records of the Grand Historian - Su Qin's biography", when Su Qin traveled to King Xuan of Qi to describe the Linmiao: "Linmiao is very rich and real, and its people do not blow the pole, drums, and step on the juju people. The word "step" means "cu", kicking. "Jiu" is a ball, which is the ancient soccer ball. In the Han Dynasty, there are records about cuju in Xijing Miscellaneous Records, Salt and Iron Theory, Cuju New Book and Liu Xiang Bie Lu. Three Kingdoms, two Jin Dynasty, North and South Dynasty, the practice of cuju is still popular. Tang Dynasty, cuju is still a very common sport, Du Fu said in a poem: "ten years overlooking the bow will be fledgling far, thousands of miles of the same customs of the autumn and the thousand". However, there has been a great development. There are three main:

(1) with an inflatable ball: "Song Dynasty Facts Class Court" in: "Yan Shigu note Huo Zhaodi bud domains kicking bow cloud: 'Bow to the skin for the real hair, cu cu and play.' Yan said that the bow is so, to the late Tang is different." Xu Jian, "the beginning of learning": "today's cuju is said to play cones. Ancient with hair fiber knot, today with leather, to cell for the inside hush closed and cu."

(2) Establishment of the goal: "Cuju began in the Tang Dynasty, with the planting of two bamboos, several zhang high, and the netting of the two bamboos on top of the gate to measure the ball; the ball was divided into two parts and the left and right ponies were used to win or lose, which was the first and foremost thing to do.

(3) Various kicking styles: Double-goal kicking style: It was recorded in the "Balloon Fugue" by Zhong Wuyan of the Tang Dynasty. Single-goal kicking: This can be seen in the "Atlas of Cuju". No goal kicking: a person or a few people kicking alone, known as playing the bow; two people against the kick is called the white fight; more than three people **** kicking is called the field house, such as three people field house, four people field house.

The first documented fan

The Western Han Dynasty Xiang Chu was the first documented fan, but his experience was unfortunate. According to the Historical Records - Magpie Cangong Lianzhuan, the famous doctor Chun Yuyi treated Xiang Chu and advised him not to overwork, but Xiang Chu did not listen and still went out to play soccer, resulting in vomiting blood and died, which also made Xiang Chu the world's first recorded fanatic "fan".

The history of the first starting list

The Southern Song Dynasty, "Old Story of Wulin" had listed the "building ball thirty-two" competition when the two teams list and position: "The left army of sixteen people: the ball head of the Zhang Jun, stilt ball Wang Ren, the positive hostage Zhu Zhuo, the head of the hostage Schizai, the left pole net Ding interpretation, the right pole net Zhang Lin, scattered Hu Chun, etc.; the left pole net, the right pole net, the right pole net Zhang Lin, the scattered stand Hu Chun; the left pole net, the right pole net, the right pole net, the right pole net, the right pole net, the right pole net. The right army of 16 men: the head of the ball Li Zheng, stilt ball Zhu Zhen, the head of the host Zhu Zhuan, the deputy host Zhang Ning, the left pole net Xu Bing, the right pole net Wang Yu, the scattered stand Chen Jun and so on". I'm afraid this is the history of the first soccer "first list".

History of soccer

In 307 BC, during the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao reformed the implementation of the "hu clothing riding and archery", the people of Zhao learned to horseback riding and archery. The King of Zhao often rode out of the city with his cronies on horseback, which was very impressive. One day, came to a forest, saw a few rabbits in the forest, the king opened his mouth, "catching live", so the soldiers divided into four, and caught, do not want to scare, the rabbits ran straight, from the horse group of the flat seam have fled, nothing, the people shook their heads and sighed. A strategist suddenly bright eyes, came forward to offer advice "king, this pig roundup is very interesting, we may as well use the ball instead of the rabbit, without leaving the palace gate can play every day." "Good idea" praised the king of Zhao "this matter will be left to you to take full responsibility". Thus, soccer was born in China. But at the time, it was still a sport played on a horse, called "cuju".

By the Han Dynasty, there was a soccer field dedicated to the game, called "Jiu City", Jiu City for the rectangular, each end of the six Jiu room, presented in the shape of a hole in the moon, symmetrical, surrounded by a wall. Tang Dynasty is the prosperity of cuju activities, this period, not only has a great development, and soccer began to export, first landed in the place of the United Kingdom.

Cuju was originally exported as a complete product, but due to the underdeveloped transportation at that time, the transportation is very backward, after months of long-distance travel, Cuju in the United Kingdom when they arrived, the horses have died of exhaustion, only a ball left. But this is a ball, Britain is still regarded as a treasure, limited to the exclusive activities of the royal family, prohibit folk to enjoy this recreational activities.

In the 11th century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the English were digging up the battlefield, they happened to dig up a few Danish skulls. Thinking of the Danish invasion of evil, these English people are extremely angry, they raised their feet and kicked hard at the skulls, to solve the anger, but also quite feel the fun of playing soccer. So, digging the battlefield of England more and more to participate in the ranks of the kick "ball". This patriotic behavior impressed the king of England, in order to reward the people, the king of England ordered the royal soccer open to the people. Soon, soccer spread in the folk, became a popular sports and entertainment activities.

At the beginning of the 12th century, Britain began to have a soccer tournament. The matches were recreational events, held twice a year, usually between two cities. The game was started when the host threw the ball in the air. Both sides will be a bundle on, yelling and shouting, and kicking and hugging, which side can kick the ball into the other side of the downtown area, which side is considered a victory. If the ball halfway into the residents of the house, the athletes also swarmed into the chaotic beat and kick, often the house things smashed to pieces, the owner had to sigh his own bad luck. Pedestrians on the road encountered the ball rolled, will suffer a flying accident. Therefore, at that time, when the ball game came, people had to avoid disaster, closed their homes, until the end of the game, before returning to normal. Such a ball game by the public's strong opposition, the British government issued a ban: the provisions of the soccer game to be played in the open space, into the downtown area of the heavy fines, so there is a special soccer stadium.

On October 26, 1863, the world's first soccer organization, the Football Association of England, was established in London, and the rules were unified, and modern soccer was officially established.

In ancient China, kicking a soccer ball was called "cuju". As early as 2,000 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the game of cuju was played. In the Western Han Dynasty, a "Cuju City" was built for the competition. In the Tang Dynasty, when Cuju was in its heyday, the ball filled with gas was used instead of the ball filled with hair, which was called "gas carpet", and the goal was used instead of a room for Cuju. In the West, after the 10th century, soccer was played in France, Italy, England and other countries. By the end of the 15th century, there was the name of "soccer", and then gradually developed into the modern soccer game. 1863 October 26, the British in London set up the world's first soccer organization - the British Football Association, and unified the rules of soccer, people called this day the birth of modern football. called this day the birth day of modern soccer. The rules of the game ****14 rules, which are the basis of today's soccer rules. Starting from the 2nd Olympic Games in 1900, soccer was included as an official Olympic sport, but professional athletes were not allowed to participate. 1904 May 21, FIFA was founded in Paris, and from 1930 onwards, the World Football Championships (also known as the World Cup) were held every four years, and the restrictions on professional athletes were lifted. Since then, the modern game of soccer has been growing.

Legend has it that in the 11th century, there was a war between England and Denmark, and after the war, the British found a Danish invader's skull when cleaning up the ruins of the war, and out of resentment, they kicked the skull, and a group of children saw it and kicked it, but they found that the skull hurt when they kicked it, and so they used a cow's bladder to blow on it instead - and that was the birth of modern soccer.

This was the birth of modern soccer.

In medieval England, soccer became a passionate activity for many young people. They chased the ball through the narrow streets, often kicking it into the windows of houses on the street. The King of England had to ban soccer. From the 12th century to the 16th century, the King of England issued the "soccer ban" four times. However, due to the special charm of soccer, the ban did not make it die.

In 1835, the world's first soccer club was founded in Sheffield, England. In 1863, the first soccer association was established in England. From then on, organized, under the constraints of certain rules of soccer began to spread from the United Kingdom to Europe, spread around the world. By the end of the 19th century, soccer had become quite popular in Western European countries. In 1896, the first Olympic Games, soccer as one of the competitions, the results of the Danish team to 9:0 victory over the Greek team, became the first champion of the Olympic Games soccer.

In 1904, the soccer associations of seven countries, namely, England, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, established the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) in France, and elected the Frenchman Gérin as the first president of FIFA.

The earliest famous soccer players

During the Song Dynasty, soccer players organized their own group called "Yuan She" to promote cuju activities and competitions. The Northern Song Dynasty Gao Ziangzui came from the round society, Wang Mingqing's "after the dust record" records, Gao Ziangzui ball skills, because accompanied the Song Huizong kicking, was promoted to be the temple before the commanding officer, which is to be considered one of the earliest famous ball player.

Song's Liu Bin's "Zhongshan Poetry" recorded another person famous for playing soccer, the scholar Liu Sanfu ball skills, he knew that the prime minister Ding Pian likes to play soccer, in order to be promoted, he waited every day in the prime minister's residence stadium outside the wall, one day finally waited until the ball flew out of the wall, Liu Sanfu picked up the ball in the name of the ball into the residence, in order to meet with the Ding Pian, he threw the ball in the air, one side of the kneeling, one side of the head, shoulders, back and so on. He threw the ball in the air, kneeling on one side and kneeling on the other, and the ball never landed on the ground, which pleased Ding Pian, who gave Liu Sanfu an official position.

From the Spring and Autumn period to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Cuju experienced a development to the climax of the process, but in the Qing Dynasty, this activity has gone into decline. 1863, the birth of modern soccer in the United Kingdom, opened another chapter in the history of soccer development.

The birth of modern soccer

Spectators watching the game in 1893

From the 8th to the 19th centuries, precursors to the modern game of soccer existed in Europe in a variety of ways until 1863, when the first official rules for the game of soccer were created in England, marking the birth of the modern game.

A boy's impulse

In the 19th century, soccer was revived and widely played in a number of British colleges. At that time, there was no uniform rule for soccer, the game was played in a rectangular field, the time and the number of participants were temporarily agreed by the two sides, and the ball was kicked into the opponent's goalposts as a score. During this period, colleges such as Cambridge University, Hatton Public School, New Clifton University and others had their own way of kicking the ball, and no one thought of standardizing the rules of the game of soccer. At that time, the most unlucky people to be counted for the game ad hoc "umpire mediator", they are the predecessor of the referee, responsible for recording the number of goals and mediate disputes and controversies, but because of the lack of uniform rules, these mediators are always difficult to convince the public, and are often subject to dozens of people all over the field of the fight and siege.

One boy's impulse changed everything: On November 21, 1823, during a game, a 15-year-old boy named William Webb Exley suddenly picked up the ball in his hand, cradled it, and charged toward the opposing team's field. This action later sparked a great debate about the rules of soccer and the need to set uniform rules of soccer was realized. During the debate, the side that favored the use of hands and feet gradually developed the game into today's rugby, while the side that insisted on the use of feet only began the process of figuring out and creating the rules of the modern game of soccer.

The birth of the world's first sport in a tavern

The birthday of modern soccer

The birthplace of modern soccer was the **** Jeet's Tavern on Queen Street in London, where a landmark meeting in the history of soccer was held. Previously, in 1848, Cambridge University College had attempted to create a set of rules for the game of soccer, which was not publicly accepted, but uniformity had become ****. 26 October 1863, representatives from 11 London clubs and colleges met at the **** Keiths' Tavern to formulate the rules and create the authoritative soccer organization, which is also widely recognized as the birthday of modern soccer. The debate over the rules at the meeting was heated, with a minority represented by Gumbel insisting on the use of hands and feet, and the final vote was 13-4, with the iconic rule that the modern game of soccer does not allow the use of hands passed. In response, Gumbel and others left the meeting in anger and later founded the English Rugby Football Union in 1871.

*** Jeet's Tavern

At this meeting at the **** Jeet's Tavern, the English FA was also formed and documented the world's first unified rules of the game of soccer in a written situation, and two months later, on December 26, 1863, the FA reconvened in a small hotel in Crummieshire Street in London to refine the rules of the game of soccer into 14 rules, and to begin to The game was promoted nationwide, and the world's number one sport, which is now popular all over the world, was born. The 11 clubs and academies that attended the meeting at the ****Jeet's Tavern:

Forest FC (later renamed Rangers); Gilburne; Barnes; War Office; Crusaders; Percival; Blackheath FC; Kensington College; Surbiton; Blackheath College; Crystal Palace.

One of the earliest rules of football

1. The area of the ground, within 150 yards of the length and 100 yards of the width. Two marking poles to be erected 25 yards from the end line on each sideline.

2. The goal consists of two standing poles spaced feet apart.

3. A coin is used to select the goal or kickoff right.

4. The field is exchanged at the end of the first half of the playing time.

5. When a player kicks the ball out, no player of the same team standing in front of the ball closer to the opposing team's end line than the opposing team's player may take part in the game to touch the ball, nor shall he or she prevent any other player from touching the ball in any way.

6. When the ball is kicked out of touch it is dead and the opposing team kicks the ball directly into the field of play at the place where it went out of bounds and play resumes.

7. When a team kicks the ball out of the opposing team's end zone, any player of the opposing team who has first possession of the ball may take a free kick from 25 yards from the vertical end zone.

8. When the ball is kicked, no player may touch the ball behind the opposing team's end line.

9. If the ball lands behind the end line and beyond the touchline marker, the free kick is taken 25 yards from the end line.

10. When a player takes a free kick, no player of the same team may be between him and the opposing team's end line, and no opposing team member may stand within 10 yards of him.

11. A player may take a free kick in any manner he chooses.

12. A goal is won if the ball passes between or over the poles at an unlimited height.

13. The ball may be touched by any part of the body while play is in progress, but may not be held or struck with the hands, arms or shoulders.

14. All impacts are fair and legal, but it is forbidden to hold or push with the hands, trip off with the feet or make noise.

This formal original set of rules was published in the (BELIS LIFE) magazine by the President of the English Football Association. Three years later the FA added that the height of the goal was 6 yards and the width 8 yards, with a rope pulled between the two uprights for the height of the goal.

Soccer in modern times was first produced in England in the 19th century. Humanity entered the 20th century, soccer also entered the 20th century. Whether it is the legendary head of the enemy on that battlefield, or 10,000 people playing a soccer ball between two cities, have become a thing of the past. Modern soccer was about to take off, and gradually professional leagues were formed.

In 1903, Belgium, Denmark, France, Holland, and Spain agreed to form an international soccer organization, but England, the birthplace of soccer, was less enthusiastic. Nevertheless, soccer began to spread throughout Europe and the Americas. In Italy, British immigrants founded the Genoa team as early as 1893, and in 1899, the British and Italians joined forces to establish today's green giants, AC Milan, and in 1899, Italy founded the Confederation Championship, which was the first international soccer organization in the world. , Italy again founded the Federal Championship, the first seven Genoa six winners, while AC Milan won the title in 1901.

In South America, soccer was also brought here by British sailors, immigrants, Thomas. Sir Lipton founded the Lipton Cup, which became a rivalry between Uruguay and Argentina on both sides of the Río de la Plata

The most recognizable soccer leagues are now Europe's five major leagues (Serie A. English Premier League, La Liga, German Bundesliga, French Ligue 1)

Soccer rules

11-a-side soccer rules

Introduction of soccer match venues

(I) Stadium

1. The size of the stadium must comply with the rules. FIFA has stipulated that the pitch for the final stage of the World Cup is 105 meters long and 68 meters wide. Domestic grass-roots matches may be played on a pitch that is adapted to the local conditions, but in any case the length of the touchline must be longer than the length of the goal line, and the size of the various areas of the pitch must not be altered.

2. The surface of the pitch must be flat and of a suitable hardness so as not to injure the players or affect the normal operation of the ball. The FIFA World Cup Organizing Committee has directed that World Cup soccer matches shall not be played on artificial turf pitches.

(2) Boundary lines

1. The lines shall be flush with the ground and shall not be made into V-shaped grooves or convex lines above the ground. The color of the line shall be clear. Land course is best to use white lime powder or mortar painting line, natural turf course is appropriate to use cooked lime powder painting line, do not use raw lime powder or mortar pouring painting. In order to prevent rainwater washout, can also use white paint to paint the line, but shall not use wood, masonry or broken tiles and other things to fill the groove as the boundary.

2, the field of each line is not more than 12 centimeters wide (generally 12 centimeters is appropriate). The width of the sideline and goal line should be included in the area of the field, and the width of other lines should also be included in the area of the region. The measurement of the goal area and the penalty area shall be taken from the inside of the goal posts and the outside edge of the goal line. The width of the goal line must be equal to the width of the goal posts.

(3) Sidelines and Goal Lines

1. The soccer field delineated by the sidelines and the goal lines is the basic area for the players to move around during a soccer match. After the start of a match, players and other persons may not enter the field without the permission of the referee.

2. When the ball crosses the sideline or goal line from the ground or in the air, the ball is out of bounds and becomes dead, and the game resumes with an out-of-bounds kick, a goal kick or a corner kick.

3. The goal line between the goals is the standard line for determining whether the ball has been scored or not, and only when the ball as a whole crosses the line from the ground or in the air inside the goal can it be counted as scored.

4. When executing a penalty kick, the goalkeeper of the defending team shall stand on the goal line between the goals.

5. When an indirect free kick is taken in the opponent's penalty area, if the ball is less than 9.15 meters from the goal line between the goals, the defending goalkeeper is allowed to stand on the goal line.

(iv) Center Line

1. The center line divides the field into two equal halves, and the width of the center line shall be included in the area of each half.

2. When the ball is kicked off, the players of both sides must stand in their own half of the field (and the defending team must not enter the center circle). When the referee blows the whistle and the ball is kicked and moved forward, the match begins and the players of both teams may then enter the other half of the field.

3. There are no offside fouls committed by players in their own half of the field.

(E) Goal Area

1. Goal kicks and free kicks of the home team may be taken at any point in the goal area.

2. When the ball is in the goal area, the referee stops play, and if play is resumed by a drop goal, the ball shall be dropped on the goal area line nearest to where the ball was located at the time of the stoppage of play and parallel to the goal line.

3. When an indirect free kick is taken in the opponent's goal area, it shall be taken on the goal area line nearest to the place of the foul and equal to the goal line.

(F) Penalty area

1. The goalkeeper may touch the ball with his hand in his own penalty area.

2. A penalty kick shall be awarded when a player violates any of the ten fouls in Rule XII that may be awarded as a direct free kick in the penalty area of his side.

3. When a goal kick is taken or a free kick is taken in the home penalty area:

(1) The opposing team shall exit the penalty area.

(2) The ball must be kicked directly out of the penalty area for play to resume.

4. When a penalty kick is taken, except for the penalty player and the opposing team's goalkeeper, all other players must be in the penalty area and the field outside the penalty arc, behind the penalty spot; when the ball is kicked and moved forward, play is resumed, and only then may players enter the penalty area.

(vii) Corner kicks

When a corner kick is taken, the ball must be placed in the corner kick arc.

(viii) Penalty kicks

When a penalty kick is taken, the ball must be placed on the penalty spot. If the penalty spot is blurred due to heavy rain, the referee shall determine the position of the penalty spot.

(ix) Center

The center of the center line is commonly known as the kick-off point. The ball must be positioned at this point when the kick-off is taken.

The center circle

The defending team must stand in their own half of the field beyond the center circle when the ball is kicked off. This is the same as for a free kick, where the defending team must stand at least 9.15 meters from the ball, and serves to ensure that the attacking team is not impeded by the opposing team when they kick the ball.

(XI) Penalty Arc

In the case of a penalty kick, in addition to the penalty kicker and the opposing team's goalkeeper, all other players must be in the penalty area and the field outside the penalty arc, behind the penalty spot; when the ball is kicked and moved forward, the game resumes, and then the players are allowed to enter the penalty arc.

(XII) Corner Flag

1. The corner flag is a mark around the field and shall be erected vertically at the intersection of the sideline and the outer edge of the goal line.

2. The height of the corner flag pole (top of the pole to the ground) shall not be less than 1.50 meters, and the top of the pole shall be flat-topped to prevent injury to players. The color of the corner flag shall be clearly differentiated from the flag used by the assistant referee and the color of the field, and a white corner flag may be used for evening matches when lights are used. The corner flag may be made of cloth or silk, and the specification is generally 30cm x 40cm.

(xiii) Center Line Flag

At least 1 meter from the sideline at both ends of the center line, a center line flag of the same size as the corner flag can be erected at each end of the center line as a sign of the center line. It is useful for judging offside.

(XIV) GOALS

The goals of the playing field shall be fixed, and the width and thickness of the goalposts and crossbar shall be the same. The goal color must be white.

(15) Goal Nets

1. The purpose of a goal net is to help the referee see whether the ball has entered the goal, therefore the net may only be hung behind the goal, firmly attached to the goal crossbar and uprights, with the lower end nailed to the ground, so as not to allow the ball to pass through. The hooks shall not be nailed to the side of the goal posts or to the lower edge of the crossbar.

2. The net should be properly braced so that the goalkeeper has plenty of room to move and the ball does not bounce out of the net. Generally more often used from the back of the goal with a rope to pull up the net method.

(16) around the field

1, in accordance with the requirements of the game organization, can be outside the goal line (generally 2 meters from the corner flag, the ball six area line and the goal line of the intersection of 3.5 meters, 6 meters from the goalposts) to draw a photographer's restriction line, the photographer should be in the back of this line. Behind the billboard if there is one.

2. The fourth official's seat shall be located outside the field near the extension of the center line; the substitute's seat shall be located about 10 meters on each side of the fourth official's seat and aligned with it. The coaches, substitutes and staff of each team shall be on the bench. The number of seats on the bench shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of the organizing body of the match, and at present our country has determined that there are 14 seats.

3. Technical area. The term technical area has been mentioned in the second article of the resolution of the International Football Council in Chapter III of the Rules of the Game of Football, and the area contains seats for the technical staff and substitutes of the team.

The technical area may be adjusted in size and position according to the conditions of the field. The following are general guidelines for setting up the technical area:

(1) The technical area is the area 1 meter outward from the sides of the bench and within 1 meter of the sideline.

(2) It is recommended that the area be clearly defined by marked lines.

(3) The number of persons in the technical area is specified in the competition regulations.

(4) The number of persons in the technical area shall be confirmed before the start of the race, according to the competition regulations.