Development of Modern National Instrumental Music

The first part is an overview.

First, the definition of national instrumental music

Folk instrumental music refers to traditional folk music played with traditional Chinese musical instruments, which has two forms of expression: solo and ensemble. Solos are classified by musical instruments, generally divided into performance, plucking and plucking. Ensemble music is classified according to the combination of musical instruments, which can be divided into drum music, bamboo music, string Suo Le, blowing music and other forms. Different instrument combinations, different tracks and different playing styles have formed a variety of instrumental music.

Second, the status of national instrumental performances in people's lives in China

1, traditional folk instrumental music is mainly played by folk weddings, funerals and celebrations.

Customs and life are closely linked as a game of god.

2. Folk bands are an indispensable part of folk activities.

There are two forms: self-entertainment and professionalism.

Third, the evolution of national instrumental music.

(A) Pre-Qin period

(2) Instrumental music from Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei and Jin Dynasties.

(3) Instrumental music in Sui and Tang Dynasties

(D) Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing instrumental music

(A) Pre-Qin period

1, the development characteristics of musical instruments

(1) According to the materials of musical instruments, many musical instruments are divided into eight categories, which are called "eight tones". Eight categories are gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood and bamboo, which is the first method to classify musical instruments in the history of China.

(2) As early as ancient times, there were two kinds of wind instruments: the open wind instrument (bone flute) and the closed wind instrument.

(3) Reed musical instruments, such as Lusheng, were of high production level and varied shapes, including large, medium and small. Reed, in particular, played a very important role in the court band at that time and was in a leading and dominant position.

(4) The production of clocks and watches has been very fine, and the technological level is quite high, such as the chime of Ceng Houyi in the early Warring States period.

2. Forms of expression

(1) stringed instruments and harps were played in the pre-Qin period, both for solo and accompaniment.

(2) In high society and court music, there are various forms of band combination, all of which are huge.

(2) Instrumental music from Qin and Han Dynasties to Wei and Jin Dynasties.

1, musical instrument

At that time, the main musical instruments were Zheng, pipa, flute, square ring and harp. During this historical period, a large number of foreign musical instruments were absorbed.

2. Forms of expression

(1) The most important folk vocal music in the Han and Wei Dynasties was Song Xianghe, which was accompanied by seven musical instruments: Zheng, Pipa, Di, Sheng, Jie, Hu and Qin.

(2) At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, drum music had been introduced, including advocacy and horizontal blowing.

(3) During the Han and Wei Dynasties, there was a record about the performance form of independent instrumental music in the literature, which was called Qu Dan (Independent Instrumental Music). Guqin solo art is highly developed, such as Ji Kang's Guangling San.

(3) Instrumental music in Sui and Tang Dynasties

1, musical instrument

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the number of musical instruments increased, especially drum instruments. At that time, there were more than 30 percussion instruments, such as cymbals, castanets and waist drums. There are more than 20 kinds of stringed instruments, such as single stringed instruments and three stringed instruments. There are more than 20 kinds of wind instruments, such as Dongxiao and Taiping wind instruments. The most important change in this period was the appearance of stringed instruments and Xiqin, which opened up a new field of musical instrument performance.

2. Forms of expression

(1) During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, western music prevailed.

(2) feasting,

(3) fun,

(4) Drum music,

(5) Instrumental performance. At this time, the art of pipa has developed greatly. In addition to accompaniment, solo has also developed to a high level.

(D) Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing instrumental music

1, musical instrument

2. Forms of expression

The development of instrumental music before the Song Dynasty was mostly influenced by vocal singing and song and dance music. After the Song Dynasty, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, folk instrumental music was mainly influenced by opera music, rap music and folk songs.

(1) in solo,

(1) There have been records about guqin schools in Song Dynasty;

(2) During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, pipa was divided into two factions, North and South, which developed among the people.

(3) The zither naturally formed local factions with different melodic styles and the relationship between teachers and students in different regions.

④ Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the publication and dissemination of piano scores, theoretical summary and discussion, and the standardization of playing techniques, the progress of solo music has been further promoted.

(2) There are various forms of playing the music of silk and bamboo in the Song Dynasty.

Xile: The musical instruments used by the band are Xiao, Guan, Sheng, Zheng, Qin and Fang Xiang.

②: The musical instruments used by the band include flute, sheng, cymbals, square rings, drums, bangzi and castanets.

(3) In the Song Dynasty, there was a recorded performance form of "Drum and flute music" (the predecessor of Fan Shi drum in southern Jiangsu today), and drums and flutes were two main musical instruments in this performance form.

(4) The development of drum music in different periods.

(5) The forms of instrumental performances in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

① String Suo Le: an ensemble form of folk instrumental music played by all stringed instruments. Generally speaking.

Only three or four kinds of stringed instruments with local characteristics are used.

② Silk and bamboo music: a band combination with one or two stringed instruments and bamboo wind instruments as the core.

The ensemble form of national instrumental music.

(3) Drum music: playing the wind instrument suona, sea flute or flute as the main instruments, and cooperating with each other.

National instrumental ensemble forms of other stringed and percussion instruments.

(4) percussion instruments: folk instrumental ensemble composed of orchestral and percussion instruments.

Form.

⑤ Gong and drum in Qing Dynasty: a form of folk instrumental ensemble played by percussion instruments.

Folk instrumental music spread to this day can be divided into two categories: solo and ensemble.

Fourthly, the classification method of folk musical instruments used in China.

1, Zhou dynasty: according to the materials of musical instruments, many musical instruments were divided into eight categories, called "eight tones". These eight musical instruments are gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood and bamboo, which is the first method to classify musical instruments in the history of China.

2. Folk instrumental music in the late Qing Dynasty is generally divided into four categories: blowing, pulling, playing and playing.

3. In recent ten years, China's national musical instruments have been divided into four categories: body sound, air sound, membrane sound and chord sound by using the modern musical instrument classification proposed by foreign 9 14.

The second part is the artistic form of national instrumental music.

First, the title of national instrumental music

There are two appellations of folk instrumental music: nominal and signified.

1, the nominal title is not directly related to the music content.

2. Symbolic titles prompt music contents such as song titles and paragraph marks.

Second, the structure of national instrumental music

1, folk instrumental music is divided into two categories according to traditional habits: solo and divertimento.

(1) Single: mainly a single independent qupai.

2 divertimento: It consists of several tunes or several independent paragraphs.

2. In terms of music structure.

Folk instrumental music mainly includes variations, loops, dual songs and polyphony, among which variations and dual songs are the most common.

Third, the variation of folk variation.

There are generally three kinds of variation techniques commonly used in China national instrumental music:

1, the variation techniques used when the melody structure is basically unchanged, such as adding flowers, changing the head and tail, changing the performance techniques (the most commonly used variation techniques in Beifeng music), changing the pitch or timbre of the tone area, changing the rhythm type, changing the melody line, etc.

2. Variations used to change the melody structure, such as board variations, are the most commonly used variations in southern bamboo music.

3. Variations used to change the melody mode and tonality, such as fingering transposition (string method), string transposition, loanwords, etc.

Think about a problem

1, definition of national instrumental music.

2. What is "Eight Tones"

3. What is fine music and clear music?

4. Types and definitions of folk instrumental music in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

5. What are the structural forms of national instrumental music?

6. What are the three variations commonly used in China folk instrumental music?

The third part solo

Characteristics of China Traditional National Instrumental Music Solo

1, many instrumental music solo or directly play vocal tunes and arias, or develop on the basis of vocal tunes and arias, or music materials mainly come from vocal forms, and the way to polish vocal music has evolved into a characteristic vocabulary in instrumental music performance.

2. Instrumental solo, whose structural form has long been influenced by the vocal form of accompaniment, mainly comes from two structural systems: Qupai and Banqiang.

3. In some places, when different instruments in the band play alone, the instrumental ensemble becomes a solo, and when several instruments play together, the ensemble becomes an ensemble.