The method of teaching composition class

News Leads to Composition Teaching Method

A Harmonious Composition Teaching Method

National Education Science "Tenth Five-Year Plan" Key Project "News Leads to Sequential Composition Training Research

Summary of the final results

From the theoretical conception, I have been seven years of painstaking research on the news lead sequence of composition training, a series of milestones achieved by the experts evaluated as a "set of harmonized composition pedagogical system", "a harmonious system of teaching methods to improve the overall quality of students' writing". "In 2002, the project was listed as a key point of the National Education Science "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and a special youth project of the Ministry of Education. Life is the source of language learning, "100 words of new things" training so that the accumulation of language, the cultivation of a sense of language and the development of thinking directly from life, requiring students to use about 100 words to record the day around, or the day of the news heard, read, watched, and to do the language concise, fluent. Hundred words of new things and writing a diary are fundamentally different, do not seek long, do not seek more, only for the essence, put more energy on "how to write" aspect.

Reading is a special life, "newspaper clippings essay" training requires students to clippings of a newspaper every day, alongside the review of the article, ideas, associations, can be from the theme of the article and the content, emotions, can also be from the article writing methods and methods to start. This training not only make students to expand the reading surface, increase the amount of reading, but also for students to choose their own reading and writing materials, independent writing provides favorable conditions and broad space, and the implementation of the "ink does not read" reading habits. Newspaper clippings composition and writing after reading are fundamentally different, the latter focuses on the "sense", while newspaper clippings composition attaches importance to the evaluation of students' ability, not only in the content of the writing of the "sense", but also in the content of the writing, the process and method of the "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation", "evaluation". "Evaluation", savor the success of the article, set up their own composition standards.

The two alternating, so that students directly or indirectly from the life of the absorption of nutrients, but also solved the problem of "what to write".

Second, the news lead the way Easy to get started

The author believes that the composition training should go through the "mastery of the characteristics of the composition - mastery of the writing method - constantly practicing to improve the ability to write," three stages, so the design of the In the "News Leads the Way" essay training sequence (news writing training-imagination ability training-thinking ability training-language optimization training-research essay training), the following are the main points. "News writing training" focuses on allowing students to master the characteristics of composition and writing methods, while imagination, thinking, language optimization, research-based composition training allows students to improve their composition skills in continuous practice.

Composition to say the truth, the truth, the heart, do not say false, empty words, sets of words, but elementary school to high school teachers need to be repeated. "

The news is a simple and standardized structural model (generally inverted pyramid) and easy to grasp news (news) writing training to help students quickly break into the kingdom of the essay, a firm grasp of the content and emotion of the essay true, new, concise and refined language and other characteristics, and from then on to become a habit.

News writing on the strict requirements of authenticity can regulate the use of typical examples of students to write a true feeling; the strict requirements of the news value can regulate the students to write a novelty and thus cultivate the spirit of innovation; accurate, concise, vivid news writing language requirements for the students to change the flashy, but not the real, "the student voice" to provide the training opportunities The news writing process of observing and pondering the news in order to make it real and vivid is very helpful to cultivate students' interest and motivation in writing; prose newsletters and supplemental literature have also found a new world for secondary school students to learn the language of literature.

Language is the students in the subtle, the flowers in the accumulation, including the teacher, no one else can help, so pay attention to the training of imagination and thinking ability to become the most effective composition teaching content, to be students have a certain language accumulation and then train the language optimization. Guo Moruo once said: "in the inability to seek to get the law, there is a law after its transformation", compared with the ordinary fast composition method, "news lead the way" composition training sequence through the imagination, thinking and language optimization training for the breadth and depth of thinking, language accuracy, and quickly dissolved! The news of the normative model, will not cause the evil consequences of modeling.

Three, to the tool four steps into the text

The author believes that: writing is a "divergent thinking - convergent thinking - linear thinking" dual transformation process. That is, from the writing goal, give full play to observation, feeling ability, from life and mind to contact a variety of knowledge, things such as writing content is "divergent thinking"; selection, refining the idea, conception, planning, is continuous on the existing materials and ideas for the organization of "convergent thinking The process of "convergent thinking"; what is in the author's heart becomes words, and the "linear" character of language (different words and words can not be expressed at the same time) is reflected.

Based on this, the author designed a 4X building block thinking composition method. The basic steps are: think (xiang)-select (xuan)-write (xie)-revise (xiu). This method is in line with the new standard pointed out that "seize the material, conception, drafting, processing and other links, so that students can learn to write in the writing practice".

The brain map is a new thinking method developed by Dr. Tony Bazan of the United Kingdom, the main point of which is to write the theme word in the center; write any relevant arguments on the branch from the central point of the branch, the different categories of another branch and continue to connect. 4X building blocks thinking composition method, the brain map is used as a tool to help students think of the composition. The step of "thinking" is to draw a brain map, which is essentially divergent thinking, guiding the clues and enriching the content by developing associations, linking familiar areas of life and knowledge with a thing as a trigger point, and guiding students to follow the three rules of association, such as similar association, comparative association, and proximity association, etc., to make the essay comprehensive and rich; guiding students to combine divergent thinking with continuous thinking to make the essay comprehensive and rich. The students will be guided to combine divergent thinking with continuous thinking to make the content of the article profound. The step of "selecting" and perfecting the brain map is essentially "convergent thinking", which requires students to consider according to the principles of "meeting the requirements of the topic, correctness or reasonableness, originality and novelty, and facilitating the utilization of advantages". Students are required to consider whether to write or not to write, to write in detail or to write briefly, to write first or to write later, and to categorize the content of the writing. Modern brain science research shows that the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for processing linear information, while the right hemisphere is responsible for processing visual, structural, hierarchical information, the introduction of the brain map to avoid the linear shortcomings of the traditional outline, so that the composition of the selection of materials, conception, and the process of convergence is dispersive or convergent, more in line with individual habits of thought, and is conducive to mobilizing the two hemispheres of the brain to coordinate their work and improve the efficiency of writing. Step "write" that language "linear" expression, emphasizing the one-two punch. Step "repair" to teach students to modify the method, emphasizing the reading of the composition, so that students can modify the sense of language and grammar and rhetoric with the help of common sense to do the text from the word.

Four, first practice after the guide target guide

The original and still in a large area of the application of the "guide after the practice" mode of teaching composition (guidance → writing → correction → evaluation) in the loss of the main position of the student, the teacher guidance instead of student thinking.

Student: conceptualize and sketch the brain map to determine the content of the "first practice"

Student: the first draft of the work and make a brief check

Teacher: according to the actual guidance and discussion of the evaluation criteria

Student: according to the guidance and evaluation criteria in order to modify the "second guide"

Student: according to the guidance and evaluation criteria to modify the "

Students: Mutual evaluation and correction and show the wonderful paragraph

"First practice" respects the individuality and practice of students' writing to ensure that the students' thinking form and content of the independence of the students to write their own thoughts; at the same time, it is also a process of the teacher on the spot to prepare for the lesson, for the emergence of different students to guide and summarize the different situations. Different situations for different students to guide and summarize the timely formation of information feedback, so that we know what we are doing, and change the blindness of the guidance. "The first step is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the situation, and that you have a good idea of what you are doing.

"Practice first, then guide" mode of teaching reflects the "goal-guided learning, assessment to promote writing" idea, teachers and students *** with the discussion of the "evaluation criteria" with the goal of teaching, and in the student's classroom. The role of the students in the revision of the students in the classroom is reflected: students according to the scoring criteria and teacher guidance to modify the composition, and strive to make their own good evaluation, so as to obtain the reinforcement of the stimulus, and ultimately grasp the standard of evaluation of the composition.

Fifth, three-dimensional operation of scientific evaluation

In the experiment using the following scale for evaluation of the composition, the scale is designed to highlight the focus of the teaching, the two empty items in the "discussion of the evaluation criteria" according to the focus of the teaching to determine, and with 60% of the points for the students to make the "intensity of the stimulus "; highlights the basic skills training, including the content of real, novel, writing steps, statement specification, correct writing, line style, punctuation, etc., each accounted for only 5%, accounting for a total of 40%, the students after repeated training "repeated stimulation" will form a conditioned reflex to these contents, and over time become a habit. Habits, in the wrong words, sick sentences and other aspects do not need to waste time; highlights the encouragement of creative expression, in the total score of 20 points, "to encourage the free expression and creative expression".

Student Evaluation (Sub-item scoring, can be full marks) Teacher's Suggestion

Item Content True and New 4X Steps Statements Standardized Correctly Written Correctly Lined Punctuation No Errors Words Up to Standard Total Creativity

Marks 10 5 5 5 5 55 5 100 20

Score

Other Opinions

Self-Evaluation

Since it is impossible to develop an absolutely error-free scale, it is also necessary to use mutual evaluation, teacher evaluation, and self-evaluation along with quantitative evaluation. Students can correct the adultization of the teaching objectives of the composition; teacher assessment through the understanding of the evaluation standards in the minds of students to make "macro-control" of the situation of student mutual evaluation and correction of errors in the corrections; self-assessment of their own shortcomings in the composition of the students to pay attention to reflect on the problems raised in the mutual evaluation and teacher assessment and to solve the problem of the symptomatic solution.

Six, change the concept of composition everywhere

The author believes that: composition is not necessarily into the text, inside and outside the classroom, every sentence, every small paragraph of text is composition training. The so-called writing knowledge, not necessarily systematic, systematic knowledge of writing is not necessarily the best, the practice of important things is the most valuable knowledge of writing. Great importance should be attached to the development and utilization of curriculum resources to enhance students' awareness of learning and using languages on various occasions. The highest state of composition teaching no composition class nor composition method.

The language curriculum should be open and innovative and dynamic, and an open teaching environment is the true source of composition teaching. Openness can ensure that students in the real state of composition, reduce the false psychological components, show personality, achievement of innovative works. Composition teaching can be open to life, such as organizing students to collect, appreciate, analyze, create advertising words, and this activity to write press releases, handbills, etc., the whole process is not in the accumulation of language, development of thinking, none of them is not a composition; can be opened up to disciplines other than language, such as biology exams require students to change the flower beds to ceramic lawn to express their views; can be opened up to the teaching, such as the change of the exercise for the assignment, to increase the opportunity to work in the reading teaching. Reading instruction in the opportunity to work on the composition. On the composition class teaching content can also be open, research, I guide students to learn to write children's poems, in the refining of words and phrases to improve language expression ability, active thinking, cultivate aesthetic, imagination and creativity, and ultimately to achieve the poem with the text to improve the purpose of the overall. The traditional way of composing training can also be open, such as requiring students to pursue the fine articles, in the continuous revision to learn the composition techniques.

In addition, the teaching of composition should get rid of utilitarian, do not attempt to significantly improve students' ability to write in the short term, in the process of changing the concept of teaching composition, emphasizing the strengthening of students' composition of the "inner strength".

Seven, according to the teaching characteristics of the people

The new standard pointed out that: "all regions are embedded in nature, society, humanities and other language curriculum resources. There should be a strong sense of resources to try to develop and actively use." First of all, we should do according to local conditions, characteristics of people. The author of the "landscape characteristics of the composition" education reform experiment requires students to investigate, visits, visits and other forms of extracurricular, to explore the beauty of the natural landscape of their hometown, the beauty of the magic of the myths and legends, the beauty of the humanities monuments of the vicissitudes of life, the beauty of the development of scenic attractions, and each person to write a book of composition album, "This is my beautiful hometown". The experiment effectively use the natural and human resources of the scenic area to implement open composition teaching, achieved good results, and promoted the local teachers teaching concept, behavior, effect three changes. Secondly, it should be done according to the "material" appropriate. Such as the overall quality of the class to develop the composition of the main fine, relatively backward class from the development of the imagination to start, layered teaching, so that students' ability to develop in the teaching of composition to the best state. In addition, various existing teaching facilities should be effectively utilized. Such as the appropriate use of electronic means of teaching, with a view projector to teach picture composition; video camera to teach video composition; with a tape recorder to train audio composition; on the Internet to train the network of composition and so on.

VIII. Relevant Results in the Framework

The root of the problem of teaching composition lies in the teachers. Teachers seldom practice writing, and therefore do not understand the real rules of writing; rather, they treat composition teaching as a simple transfer of knowledge, skimming the effective guidance of the practical aspects; which in turn leads to a vicious circle between fear of guidance and bad guidance. The researcher believes that in order to really effectively improve the efficiency of composition teaching, we must first find the reasons from the teachers, think of ways: write down the hydrology to enhance the teachers' own writing literacy, to the writer-type teachers, or the establishment of a full-time teachers of composition; to improve the understanding of students' ability to learn the art of composition propositions and corrections; to keep abreast of the times and pay attention to the pedagogical and theoretical development of the science of writing.

The teaching of composition should follow the principle of "put first, then take back". The essence of the traditional Chinese language teaching composition training process "first put and then put" is "step by step", "teaching according to the material", "enlightenment", etc. Liu Xi-Qing, who is a member of the Chinese Academy of Arts and Sciences, is a member of the Chinese Academy of Arts and Sciences. "Professor Liu Xiqing explains this principle: "First encourage students to write boldly, and then ask for refinement and rigor when they have a certain foundation. 'Let go', that is, when you first learn to write, you should let go of your mind, let go of your hands and feet, let go of your pen and ink, do not stick to the rules and regulations, and let go of your courage to write. Pen for the text, if you can see for the text of the 'easy' and do not see for the text of the 'difficult', you can boldly express, put pen to paper". Therefore, the beginning of the essay is very important: it is appropriate to encourage more, less proposition; let the students write boldly, the teacher carefully commented; although the requirements of the beginning of the low, slow, but to guide the students to walk on the "right way", will accelerate the pace of teaching and achieve good results.

It is equally important to stimulate thinking and interest. On the one hand, the stimulation of interest needs a good environment rather than a small classroom, interest in maintaining than stimulating the more difficult, should let the students in the unconscious happy to learn to write essays, writing as a life need to strengthen the internal strength. On the other hand, writing thinking training should be conscious, positive, active, but some thinking activities are passive, negative, useless, sometimes thinking in a closed, inhibited state need to be adjusted, induced, stimulate active and positive thinking activities. Stimulate and protect students' interest in writing so that students can learn in a longer period of time; and stimulate and protect students' thinking about writing in order to make students learn to write to achieve the best results, the combination of the two, students will be active in learning, improve writing ability.

It is necessary to build the discipline of "composition pedagogy". Discipline research history of composition pedagogy has been mixed with writing or language teaching method, the construction of the study of composition teaching activities and its laws of the discipline of composition pedagogy will help to look at the problem out of the old circle. As a cross-discipline of pedagogy, psychology and writing, the study of composition pedagogy includes: the laws of teaching (teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching assessment, teaching process, teaching methods, syllabus, teaching materials, teaching principles), the laws of learning (focusing on what kind of external activities are effective in promoting the improvement of the level of composition, and strengthening the case studies of students who have succeeded in composing), and the laws of the curriculum (curriculum, teacher training, teaching facilities, teaching and learning, etc.), Teacher training, teaching facilities, teaching methods, history of teaching, history of teaching theory).