What are the main contents of international economics?

Summary of International Economics: International Economics is an authoritative work on international economic theory. Including 26 chapters and 9 appendices, the main contents are as follows: Chapter 1, Research on International Economics. This chapter is actually the introduction of this book. In this chapter, the author discusses four major events that happened in the early 1970s and 1980s, namely, the floating of the US dollar, the import invasion and protectionism of the United States, the victory of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the management of multinational corporations. He believes that these major events constitute the discussion method and content of this book, and on this basis, he analyzes the difference between international trade and domestic trade.

The first part is the theory of international trade. Including chapter two to chapter five, it puts forward how to conduct trade. In particular, the fifth chapter perfects the discussion on unbalanced development, deterioration of terms of trade and when and why the leading position of international technology has changed. He pointed out: "If the growth of a country's production factors is due to the expansion of export trade, then trade will expand compared with production, and the terms of trade may become unfavorable to the country. In the extreme case of deteriorating terms of trade, the growth of expanding exports has seriously reduced the terms of trade and worsened the actual economic situation of this international country. " He also stressed that "the possible decline of technical leaders is due to forces unrelated to technical leadership, or it may be caused by initial technical leadership, but it is not necessarily caused by attitude or institutional defects."

The second part, trade policy. Including chapter 6 to 12, it puts forward what kind of trade policy will benefit who. In particular, the eighth chapter puts forward new views on export subsidies, tariff offset, dumping and trade in socialist countries. The ninth chapter analyzes the same agricultural policy in Europe from the perspective of political economy of extensive agricultural planning; Chapter 1 1 takes a new and orderly view on some issues in the ongoing North-South dialogue, and chapter 10 focuses on the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

The third part, the process of foreign exchange and balance of payments investigation. Including chapters 13 to 17, according to some world events and some theoretical progress at that time, it is expounded that the currency exchange rate of various countries is the central content of this paper, among which chapters 13 and 17 summarize the essence of the current recognized reasons for exchange rate fluctuations. That is, "the way to determine the spot exchange rate is influenced by various exchange rate systems", "any explanation about how the exchange rate changes focuses on the supply and demand of money in various countries" and "the short-term change of exchange rate mainly depends on investors' expectations of the exchange rate and their reactions to the news".

The fourth part, the macro-policy of open economy. Including chapter 18 to chapter 22, in chapter 19 (internal balance and external balance under fixed exchange rate) and chapter 20 (changing exchange rate and internal balance), the author considers how to stabilize an open macro-economy in a novel and concise way. Chapter 22 (Variability of World Trade) expounds the changing process of international currency from commodity (gold) standard system to today's free-flowing overseas European currency.

The fifth part, the flow of production factors. It consists of chapters 23 to 26. In this part, the author improves the discussion on the international flow of production factors to meet the new requirements. In chapter 23, it is pointed out that immigrant receiving countries become net beneficiaries not only through the influence of general labor market, but also through the influence of public budget, and immigrant exporting countries suffer losses in both aspects. Therefore, it is reasonable to levy a "brain drain" tax to compensate all public investments made by exporting countries for their immigrants.

The context of some key theories and formulas in the text is supplemented in nine appendices.