Why do people have different personalities? Good or bad?

Personality includes personality and temperament, which is unique, stable, holistic and functional.

1. Personality refers to the unique behavior pattern, thinking pattern and emotional response shown by the interaction between individuals and social environment, and it is also one of the characteristics that distinguish a person from others.

In psychology, the word "personality" is often used to express the concept of personality. In China's psychological encyclopedia, there is a saying that personality is personality. In psychology, personality is a field to explore the differences between individuals.

2. Personality includes two parts: personality and temperament.

Personality is a psychological characteristic of a person's stable personality, which is manifested in his attitude towards reality and corresponding behavior. Personality essentially shows people's characteristics, and temperament seems to give personality a color and a mark. Personality can be divided into innate human nature and unique personality formed by individuals under the influence of acquired environment and learning.

Temperament refers to the characteristics of people's psychological activities and behavior patterns, which endows people with brilliance. They are also people who love labor, but people with different temperaments behave differently:

Some people are quick-witted, but rude, and may be timid people; Some people are meticulous, but slow to heat, and may be slime people. Temperament and personality constitute personality in this way.

Second, the characteristics

1, uniqueness

A person's character is formed under the interaction of heredity, environment, education and other factors. Different genetic, survival and educational environments have formed their own unique psychological points. People don't have exactly the same personality characteristics. The so-called "different people have different faces" is the uniqueness of personality. However, the uniqueness of personality does not mean that there are no similarities between people.

There are both biological and social factors in the formation and development of personality. Personality, as an integral feature of a person, includes not only different psychological characteristics of each person from others, but also the same psychological and appearance aspects between people. For example, people of every nation, class and group have their own psychological characteristics. Personality is the unity of homosexuality and difference, and the unity of biology and sociality.

2. Stability

Have a stable personality. The psychological tendency and characteristics that an individual occasionally shows in his behavior cannot represent his personality. As the saying goes, "a leopard cannot change his spots", and "temperament" here refers to character.

Of course, emphasizing the stability of personality does not mean that it is unchangeable in a person's life. With the maturity of physiology and the change of environment, personality may change more or less, which is the plasticity of personality. It is precisely because of the plasticity of personality that personality can be cultivated and developed. Personality is the unity of stability and plasticity.

Step 3 synthesize

Personality is an organic whole composed of various components, which has inherent unity and consistency and is regulated by self-consciousness. Personality integration is an important indicator of mental health. When a person's personality structure is harmonious in all aspects, his personality is healthy. Otherwise, there may be difficulties in adaptation and even split personality.

4. Function

Personality determines a person's lifestyle, even a person's fate, so it is one of the fundamental reasons for the success or failure of life. In the face of setbacks and failures, the strong can work hard and the weak will be devastated. This is the performance of personality function.

Third, psychoanalytic personality classification

The components of personality include id, ego and superego. Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic personality theory, divided human psychology into conscious and unconscious parts. Consciousness only accounts for a small part of psychological life and is a shallow part of experience; Unconsciousness is a deeper and more important part, which plays a leading and decisive role in people's thinking and behavior.

1.Id: Located at the bottom of the personality structure, it is an energy system composed of innate instincts and desires, including various physiological needs. Id is unconscious and irrational. Follow the happy principle.

2. Ego: located in the middle layer of personality structure, it is different from ID, and its function is to adjust the contradiction between ID and superego. Follow the principle of reality.

3. superego: located at the highest level of personality structure. This is a moral self. Its function is: to suppress the impulse of the id; Monitor yourself; Pursuing perfection. Follow moral principles.

These three points are not good or bad in themselves, only depends on how you use them and whether they violate laws and ethics. For example, if I am hungry, I have to eat, which is my need. If you steal and rob, it is not good. If it is bought with money, it is correct.

Fourth, the big five personality table

With the development of statistical technology and the application of computer in data processing, researchers have made amazing and quite consistent findings in analyzing personality factors. Some different research groups constantly find evidence about five personality dimensions from many different personality data.

These five factors are very prominent in the research of a large number of different methods, which researchers call "Big Five", namely: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness.

Extroversion: one end is extremely extroverted and the other end is extremely introverted. Extroverts are sociable and show energy, optimism, friendliness and self-confidence; These manifestations of introverts are not outstanding, but this does not mean that they are self-centered and lack vitality. They tend to be conservative, independent and steady.

Agreeableness: people who get high marks are helpful, reliable and compassionate; People with low scores are more hostile and suspicious. The former pays attention to cooperation rather than competition; The latter likes to fight for their own interests and beliefs.

Consciousness: refers to how we self-discipline and control ourselves. People with high dimensions are planned, organized and persevering; Low-end people are careless, fickle and unreliable.

Emotional stability: Those with high scores are more likely to be upset by the stress of daily life than those with low scores. Most people with low scores show good self-regulation ability and are not prone to extreme reactions.

Openness: refers to the openness and exploration attitude towards experience, not just interpersonal openness. Those with high scores don't stick to the rules and think independently; People with low scores are mostly traditional, and they prefer familiar things to new ones.

The construction basis of Big Five personality includes vocabulary or behavior expression of personality, and the results of Big Five personality scale test are mixed. It is also obvious from the description of various factors.

The Big Five Personality Scale is to test the personality level of people, which is a deeper psychological field, difficult to measure and easily influenced by the tester's disguise and reaction tendency.

If the tester can clearly understand himself and answer honestly in the test, then the test results can be used as the quantitative results of personality and provide valuable information for career planning.

-The above professional definitions and related introductions come from books.

Personality is not unilaterally "superior" or "inferior", which needs to be considered from many angles.

A Responder of Psychological Essence @ Gao

Psychological participants

First of all, put aside the "standard" mentioned by the subject. In psychological research, personality is a factual concept, not an evaluative one. Without moral judgment, there is no good or bad ~

At present, there is a widely used personality classification-big five personality;

make public

do one's duty

ectropion

Pleasure degree

emotional stability

(I won't explain them one by one here ~)

What if "standard" is added? Will individuals with different personalities be different in social adaptation?

Some researchers discussed the influence of college students' personality on social adaptation and found that:

The higher the extroversion level, the better the social adaptability; The lower the level of emotional stability, the worse the social adaptability. Extroverts are lively and cheerful and like to make friends, so it is easy to adapt to society; People with unstable emotions, sometimes anxious and sometimes impulsive, will inevitably leave a bad impression on people and affect social adaptation ~)

But the influence of personality on us is not only social adaptation, but also other things, such as making money.

Some research findings (Denissen et al., 20 17):

1) In addition to agreeableness, both personal personality and work-required personality are consistent at a high level (the work needs this personality trait very much, and you also have this personality trait very much), and the income is higher than the low-level consistency of the two (the work doesn't need much, and you don't have much);

2) If people's agreeableness, sense of responsibility and openness exceed the ideal level required by the job, they will not earn as much as those who are consistent with the ideal level required by the job. Moreover, for agreeableness and openness, if it is lower than the ideal level of work needs, it will earn less money;

3) Generally speaking, when the three characteristics of extroversion, agreeableness and openness are matched with the level required by the job (neither more nor less), the income is higher.

The reason why I introduce this point is to say that personality, as a relatively stable feature, will affect all aspects of our lives. Some personalities may be bad for A, but they are especially helpful for B ... and we should also consider the matching degree of personalities ~

Therefore, for such a particularly complex feature, it seems that we should not unilaterally say which is better and which is worse, but always consider it from multiple angles (of course, this is not easy. ..