Summarize the points of each subsection of the second semester of first year geography and the insights of each section (insights should be 600 words). Don't come here if you are gossiping.

First Year Geography Syllabus

Section 1 Japan

1. An island country with many volcanoes and earthquakes

1. Geographic location: west coast of the Pacific Ocean, east of Asia, east of China.

1. Geographic location of Japan

Location in latitude and longitude: land and sea location: neighboring location:

2. Extent of Japan (composition)

Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu, and the small islands around them

3. Area and population 377,000 square kilometers, 127 million

450N

Korea Sea of Japan

1250E-1450E Pacific Ocean

Korea Strait

China

East China Sea 250N

4. How does Japan's geographic location affect its climate and economy?

Latitudinal position → northern temperate zone Temperate and subtropical monsoon climate

Location on land and sea → island country Climate with a lot of precipitation, oceanic characteristics, zigzagging coastline, and many good harbors. → fishing, shipbuilding, shipping, foreign economic ties

5. Symbols of Japan Mount Fuji Active Volcanoes

Japan is an island country with many volcanoes and earthquakes

Activity: P19 Fig. 7.4,

Compare the latitude and longitude ranges spanned by Japan and the UK?

Which country is larger? Level of environmental complexity?

Japan spans a large range of latitudes and longitudes , Japan's country is large,

Japan : 377,905 square kilometers, UK : 242,910 square kilometers

Japan's terrain is complex: dominated by mountains and hills, with narrow plains; many volcanoes and earthquakes.

7. Read the picture below, which famous mountain in Japan is it? Describe its landscape

It is the highest peak in Japan - Mount Fuji ("sacred mountain"), the famous active volcano. It is a famous tourist destination.

8. Read the map on the right and explain why Japan has many mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes?

Japan is located in the connection between the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate, in the volcanic and seismic belt of the Pacific Rim, in the collision and extrusion of the two plates, the crust is unstable, and there are many volcanoes and earthquakes.

9. Discuss that volcanoes bring disaster and can benefit mankind?

When a volcano erupts, a large amount of ash lands. But during the volcanic inactivity, the ash differentiated into fertile soil; volcanic magma flow formed by a variety of landforms, become a major landscape; crater often form lakes; volcanic distribution areas are often rich in geothermal resources, more hot springs.

10. Japan is prone to earthquakes, how do the Japanese people prevent or reduce the hazards caused by earthquakes?

(1) Strengthen scientific research on earthquakes and improve the accuracy of earthquake forecasting.

(2) Japan's housing: traditional houses are mostly made of lighter construction materials, and modern buildings have more earthquake-resistant facilities.

(3) Strengthening earthquake-resistant education for the whole population to enhance people's ability to survive.

Seven Secrets of Japan's Becoming the World's Second Largest Economy

The World's Best Quality Products

Thrifty and Thrifty Citizens

Elite Officials

Mass Production of High Quality Products

Three People in One Mind

A Company as a Home

Taking Advantages of Strengths to Complement Weaknesses

Two Developed Economy of Processing Trade

1. Characteristics of Japan's Economy Economy Very developed, is the world's economic power

2, Japan's industrial type Import - processing - export

3, read P22 Read the materials, explain the reasons for the development of Japan's economy.

1) Japan took advantage of the recovery of the world economy, the introduction of technology to develop industry;

2) attach importance to education, rely on science and technology, labor resources;

3) the advantage of the island country with many good ports, which is conducive to maritime transportation.

4, read the information, the following chart and textbook P21 Figure 7. 8, analyze Japan's economy What sector is dominated?

The Japanese economy is dominated by processing trade. It relies heavily on foreign countries and needs to import large quantities of coal, iron ore and other raw materials

Japan's three major industries

Primary industry: 2% Secondary industry: 37% Tertiary industry: 61%

5, read the above chart, Japan, in addition to timber, the raw materials and fuels for economic development need to be imported; it shows that there is a paucity of mineral resources.

6, Japan's main sources of industrial raw materials:

Oil - Middle East, iron ore - Australia, Brazil; copper - Chile, Canada; coal - China.

7, read the above chart, Japan's industrial products are mainly sold

the United States, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and other places.

8, Japan's industrial distribution and industrial zones

Japan's industry is concentrated in: the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea area

The main industrial zones are: Keihin Industrial Zone, Nagoya Industrial Zone, Hanshin Industrial Zone, Kitakyushu Industrial Zone, Seto Inland Sea Industrial Zone

9, analyze the main reasons for the centralized distribution of Japan's industry.

Export processing economy → B favorable conditions on the Pacific coast → A factories near the docks and convenient land transportation

→ D

→ C concentration of coastal plains and low price of land reclamation

→ high economic efficiency of the industry

ACTIVITY: Discuss what problems arise in the development of the Japanese economy? How does it affect economic development? How can it be solved?

Japan's economy is heavily dependent on foreign countries → Reduces economic competitiveness → Highly affected by the world economy.

Land and water constraints, serious industrial pollution, high wages for workers → accelerated expansion of overseas investment.

Slow development of high-tech industry. → Increase state support.

Section II Southeast Asia

I. Location of the Crossroads

1. Location: southeastern Asia

2. Composition: two major parts of the Central and Southern Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago.

3, crossroads location cross: the Pacific Ocean - Indian Ocean Asia - Oceania

4, the importance of the Straits of Malacca:

is the shortest route from Europe, Africa, sailing eastward to Southeast Asia, East Asia ports. The Straits of Malacca is the shortest route from Europe and Africa to the ports of Southeast Asia and East Asia, and it is an important sea passage connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

Tropical climate and agricultural production

1, Southeast Asia's climate type

Tropical monsoon and tropical rainforests are mainly

Mainly in the Central and South China Peninsula and the Indian Peninsula, mainly in the Malay Archipelago

2, the main crops: rice

3, the main cash crops: tropical cash crop base in Southeast Asia are Rubber, oil palm, coconut, flax is the largest producer

3, mountains and rivers and urban distribution

1, mountains and rivers are distributed, the upper reaches of the river is rich in energy, and the lower reaches of the river has fertile plains.

2. Distribution of cities along rivers 3. Find out Irrawaddy, Salween, Mekong, Mekong, Red River

City name Name of the nearby big river Name of the country in which it is located

Hanoi Red River Vietnam

Phnom Penh Mekong River Cambodia

Vientiane Mekong River Laos

Bangkok Mekong River Thailand

Yangon Irrawaddy River Myanmar

Fourth, the area where Chinese and overseas Chinese are concentrated

1. It is the area with the highest concentration of Chinese and overseas Chinese.2. Chinese: they have acquired the nationality of the country where they are living.3. Overseas Chinese: they still retain their Chinese nationality.

Section 2 Russia

Currency: ruble

White: the cold zone is snowy all year round;

Blue: the sub-freezing climatic zone, which also symbolizes the rich underground deposits of minerals and natural resources such as forests and hydropower;

Red: the sign of the temperate zone.

Section 3 Section 1 The Middle East

Longtime hotspot

The land of five seas and three continents

Rich in oil resources

Scarce in water resources

Cultural differences

The Middle East's place in the world

European countries expanded eastward during the 16th-17th centuries When expanding, some of the countries were divided into the Near East, Middle East, and Far East according to their distance

¨ Scarce water resources According to the United Nations, there are 20 most water-scarce countries in the world, and they are Malta, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Bahrain, Singapore, Barbados, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Yemen, Israel, Tunisia, and Algeria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Oman, UAE, Egypt, Kenya. more than 300 million people face severe water shortages.

¨ Section 2: Western Europe

¨ I. Areas of Concentration of Developed Countries

1. Location: located in the western part of Europe 2. Area and Population About 5 million square kilometers Population about 3. Numerous countries, densely populated, and economically developed

European Union

(1) A regional international organization, referred to as the European Union

(2) 25 member states.

(2) 25 member states, all economically developed countries

(3) Basis for the establishment of the EU:

Geographical proximity, similar economic base, and comparable level of development

(4) Results, roles, and impacts of the establishment of the EU:

Expansion of the economic market, lowering of costs, and reduction of red tape,

Promotion of scientific and technological development, promotion of the development of internal and external trade,

Strengthening the strength of countries in world politics and diplomacy

Members of the European Union

Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,

Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom

Ten Eastern European countries that have joined the Union as newcomers:

Hungary , Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania,

Malta, and Cyprus.

The economic status of the European Union in the world and the United States, Japan formed a three-legged form

1, the European Union's industrial distribution:

From the United Kingdom to the east of the Road to the territory of Poland,

From Scandinavia

To the south of Italy

It is the world's famous

Industrial-intensive zones

2. Western Europe was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.

3. Manufacturing: the industry that processes raw materials into products

4. Developed countries: a full range of industrial sectors, foreign economic trade is dominated by high-tech products.

Developing countries: unitary economy (Malaysia), poor resources (Nepal), large population (India)

5, the relationship between the GDP of different countries and the number of people engaged in the manufacturing sector: developed countries with a _high_ GDP

___, engaged in the manufacturing sector, the number of people _many_; developing countries with a _low_ GDP, the number of people engaged in the manufacturing sector is small

5. The number of people engaged in manufacturing is small

4. Traditional Livestock Husbandry

1. The General Topography of Western Europe

The terrain is low and flat, with mountain ranges in the north and south, and a vast central plain

2. The Climate of Western Europe

1) Most of the western part of Europe is located in the temperate zone. 2) Oceanic Climate is dominant

Temperate Oceanic Climate: Mild and wet all year round, contributing to juiciness and the growth of pasture. helps the growth of succulent, pasture grasses and is suitable for pastoral production.

3, Europe's western pasture animal husbandry countries: Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark

4, the relationship between diet and the natural environment

5, dairy products production process

5, prosperous tourism : beaches mountains ranges pastureland, the human environment

Section III Sub-Saharan Africa

The Homeland of the Black Race Single Commodity Dominant Economy Population Food and the Environment

Topography of Sub-Saharan Africa - Dominated by Highlands

Ethiopian Plateau East African Plateau South African Plateau

Congo Basin

East African Rift Valley Kilimanjaro Cape of Good Hope

Home of the Black Race

¨ Native land of the black people

- 90% of sub-Saharan Africa's population is black

- 2000 years of civilization

¨ Rich and varied ethnic cultures and arts

Single-commodity based economy

Unequal trade interactions

Climate of sub-Saharan Africa

Typical features of savannah climate Significant wet and dry seasons

8.4 Australia

Lower marsupials - wallabies, wombats belong to the primitive subclass Posthumoria. The oviparous monotreme mammals, the platypus, belong to the primitive subclass Protozoa, and are all unique to Australia. Of the 31 genera of mammals, 28 are endemic, and of the more than 650 species of birds, more than 450 are endemic, as are half of the insect genera. Of the 12,049 species of plants, 9,086 (75%) are endemic to Australia. Eucalyptus trees, which are widely distributed in the country, are not found on other continents and are one of the typical representatives of Australia's natural landscape.

One of the world's living fossil museum

Sheep the largest number of countries

1999 people: 18.75 million sheep: 150 million

Sheep head number of the world's first Wool production of the world's first Wool exports of the world's first Lamb production of the world's first

"Riding on the back of a sheep "The country that rides on the back of a sheep"

Flat terrain: central plains (Australia's Great Basin) Favorable climate: savannahs Widely dispersed

Vast grasslands: large tracts of savannahs Plentiful drinking water: the Great Artesian Basin (rich in groundwater)

Excellent breeds of sheep: the Merino sheep No natural predators: no wild carnivores

Countries "sitting on a mine train"

The world's major mineral exporters: Coal: half of production for export, mainly to Japan and other countries.

Iron: the world's fourth largest reserves, the world's first exports. Mainly sold to Western Europe, Japan, China.

United States

50 white five-pointed stars: representing the fifty states of the United States.

7 red and 6 white stripes: representing the original thirteen states of the United States.

Red symbolizes strength and courage, white symbolizes purity and innocence, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance, and justice.

Hawaiian Islands by the famous American writer Mark Twain fool: "the loveliest island fleet"

The United States is rich in natural resources, the development of agriculture has a unique condition

The native for the North Temperate Zone and subtropical climate, the southern tip of Florida is a tropical climate, Alaska for the subcold climate, Hawaii is a continental climate. Continental climate, Hawaii is a tropical oceanic climate

Most of the country's rainfall and distribution is relatively uniform, the average annual rainfall of 760 millimeters

The land, grasslands and forests are among the world's leading possession of resources. Fertile soil, elevation 500 meters below the plains accounted for 55% of the land area, conducive to the mechanization of agricultural farming and large-scale operations, the United States of America's arable land area of about 20% of the total area of the country

Third, the United States of America's modernization of agriculture is highly modernized; agricultural products are extremely rich in ---- the world's largest exporter of agricultural products (wheat, soybeans, corn, etc.), typical of the distribution of commodity agriculture, high commodity rates ; high level of mechanization; regional production specialization

Development of industrial advantages: rich natural resources; developed transportation (railroads, highways, inland waterways, lakes and sea transport and air transport in all directions); strong scientific and technological forces (many world-class schools); market economy environment.

Major industrial products rank among the world's leading companies, such as petroleum (ExxonMobil, Chevron-Texaco), electronics (General Motors, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Intel), chemicals, automobiles (General Motors, Ford, DaimlerChrysler), and airplanes (Boeing)

Information technology ("information Highway"), aerospace technology (moon landings, space shuttles, the International Space Station, Mars landings, the Hubble Telescope), bioengineering technology (transgenic technology), and nuclear energy utilization (atomic bombs, nuclear power plants) are among the world's leaders in terms of research and development.

Northeast

West

South

Major Sectors

Steel, automobiles, chemicals

Electronics, airplanes, precision machinery

Petroleum, airplanes, astronautics

Important Cities

Chicago, New York, Pittsburgh, Detroit

San Francisco, Los Angeles

Houston

The largest city in the United States, the largest seaport, one of the world's four major financial centers (New York, London, Zurich, Hong Kong)--New York

The United States of America's largest port city on the Pacific coast, the economic and cultural centers; the "world's film capital"--Goodwill. Hollywood, the "movie capital of the world" and Disneyland, the "entertainment paradise"

2. The main factors stimulating the rise of "Silicon Valley" 1) excellent geographical location and beautiful environment 2) pleasant Mediterranean climate

3) the key role of higher education (science and technology) Stanford University 4) convenient transportation 5) military orders (market)

Washington, D.C. - the capital of the United States, is located in the District of Columbia, the nation's political capital. Capital, located in the District of Columbia, the political center of the country

New York - the largest city and largest seaport in the United States, financial center

San Francisco - one of the financial, trade, educational, and cultural centers on the Pacific coast of the United States. The world's largest high-tech industrial zone

Los Angeles - the largest port, city and economic and cultural center of the Pacific Coast

Seattle - the center of the U.S. aircraft manufacturing industry

Chicago - U.S. railroad transportation center

Detroit -Center of the U.S. automobile industry

Houston -Center of the U.S. oil industry and astronautics

Pittsburgh -Center of the U.S. steel industry

Walking into Brazil

Eat - -Roast Beef - The National Banquet - Roast Beef Brazil's pastures are three times the size of arable land, and the vast expanse of pastureland is a favorable condition for the development of animal husbandry. The number of cattle raised and the production of beef are both the second largest in the world, and since 1980, Brazil has realized one cow per capita.

Drinking - coffee, orange juice Le - soccer, samba Playing - touring the mountains