Seventh grade history book knowledge points comb

In order to facilitate junior high school students for the recitation and memorization of historical knowledge points, the following I combed the seventh grade history book knowledge points, I hope to help you.

Bronzes and oracle bones

I. Bronzes

1, the development process: the late primitive society (emergence) → Xia Dynasty (development) → Shang and Zhou period (prosperity).

2, use: food, worship, military.

3. Characteristics: rich variety and large number.

4, the production process: clay model casting method.

5, representative of the bronze: Simuwuding (so far the world's heaviest excavated bronze), four sheep square Zun.

Second, oracle bone writing

1, definition: China's Shang and Zhou period written on tortoise shell and ox, sheep and other animal bones.

2. Discovered by: Qing Dynasty official Wang Yirong.

3, status: ① is China's ancient text has been found in the earliest years, the system is more complete text, the formation and development of Chinese characters have far-reaching impact. ② China's history of writing can be traced from the Shang Dynasty.

4, the method of creating words: pictograms, refers to things, will be, form and sound, false borrowing and so on.

5. The oracle bone inscriptions already have the basic structure of Chinese characters, and many fonts are still in use today, which is an important stage in the formation and development of Chinese characters.

6. Some bronzes were engraved with words, and the ancients called copper gold, so this kind of writing was called Jinwen.

1. Background: (1) The use of iron farming tools and oxen plowing was further popularized, and the level of social productivity continued to increase (economic).

(2) The power of the new landlord class increased (political).

2. Purpose: to enrich the country and strengthen the army, and to win in the war of annexation.

3. Contents:

Politics: (1) Establishment of the county system, which was directly governed by officials sent by the state ruler.

(2) Abolition of hereditary privileges of the nobles.

(3) Reform the household registration system to strengthen the management of the people.

(4) Strict laws and prohibit private fighting.

Economy: (1) Abolished the well-field system and allowed the free sale of land.

(2) Encouraged farming and weaving, and those who produced more grain and cloth were exempted from corvée service.

(3) Standardization of weights and measures.

Military: (1) Rewarded military service by granting titles and rewarding land to those with military service.

4. Influence: The state of Qin was greatly strengthened, and the fighting power of the army was improved, and it became the most powerful vassal state, laying the foundation for the unification of the whole country by Qin.

Confucius

(1) The founder of Confucianism. His masterpiece, The Analects of Confucius (organized by his disciples).

(2) Ideological ideas: the core idea is "benevolence", the benevolent people love people, do not do unto others as you would not have them do unto you.

Political advocacy: rule by virtue, against tyranny (tyranny is fiercer than a tiger).

Educational Achievements: ① Founding of private schools; ② Teaching for all, teaching according to ability; ③ focus on moral education and cultural knowledge education.

(3) Status: Confucius was a great thinker and educator, and the founder of the Confucian school.

(4) Impact: Confucianism became the orthodoxy of the feudal dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty when Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and it occupies an important position in Chinese traditional culture, with far-reaching influence on later generations.

(5) Evaluation: Confucius was a great thinker and educator, and the Confucianism that he initiated later became the orthodox thought of the feudal dynasties and occupied an important position in traditional Chinese culture.

Measures to Consolidate Unity in the Qin Dynasty

(1) Politically: the establishment of a centralized system of power. The title of emperor was adopted and the supremacy of the emperor was established; the prime minister, the lieutenant, and the royal historian were set up in the central government; and at the local level, the division of feudalism was abolished and counties were established.

(2) Ideological and cultural: the unification of script, with the small seal script as the standard script, and later the introduction of a new typeface - the official script (cultural); the burning of books and the burning of Confucianism (ideological).

(3) Economically: unification of currency, with the round, square-hole half-tael coin of Qin as the standard currency; unification of weights and measures.

(4) Transportation: unification of car tracks, construction of the Chi Road, and excavation of the Spirit Canal.

(5) Military: attacked Xiong Nu in the north and built the Great Wall.

1. Time: 206-202 BC.

2. Purpose: the struggle for the throne, the nature of the war from the peasant revolt into the feudal ruling class within the struggle for supremacy.

3. Knowledge: Hongmen Banquet (Xiangzhuang Dance of the Sword, the intention of Pei Gong) Gaixia siege (Chu Ge on all sides).

Where there's a will, there's a way, and the way is through.

The painstaking people, the sky will not bear, lying down on firewood and tasting gall, three thousand Yuejia can swallow Wu.

4. The reason why Liu Bang won and Xiang Yu failed: Liu Bang emphasizes talents, is good at employing people, and is assisted by Xiao He, Han Xin, Zhang Liang, etc. Xiang Yu is headstrong, does not emphasize talents, and does not adopt Fan Zeng's opinions.