Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional virtues - China's papers on traditional culture are all related to The Analects of Confucius. ..
China's papers on traditional culture are all related to The Analects of Confucius. ..
The history of a nation's civilization is the history of its cultural development, and the complete destruction of national culture means the demise of a nation. The ancient people who created brilliant civilization in human history may still be alive, but their nation has disappeared with the disappearance of their traditional culture. As the only ancient civilization in the world that has been passed down for 5,000 years, China's destruction of its culture is a great crime.
"Pangu created heaven and earth", "Nu Wa created man", "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs" and "Cangjie created characters", which laid the foundation of myth and culture. "Man governs the earth, the earth governs the sky, the heaven pipeline and the Tao governs the nature", and the Taoist thought of harmony between man and nature is integrated into the blood of culture. "The way of university lies in Mingde." More than 2000 years ago, Confucius established a library to teach students and spread Confucianism represented by "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith" to the society. In the first century A.D., Buddhism and Buddhism spread to the east, and Chinese culture became more profound. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism reflected each other, which made the prosperous Tang Dynasty achieve brilliant achievements that attracted worldwide attention.
Although the Chinese nation has been invaded and attacked many times in history, its traditional culture has always shown great integration and vitality, and its essence has been passed down from generation to generation. "the unity of heaven and man" represents the world view of our ancestors; "Good and evil are rewarded" is social common sense; "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is the minimum virtue of being a man; "Loyalty, filial piety and righteousness" are the principles of life in the world; "Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and faith" have become the moral basis for regulating people and society. On this premise, China culture embodies the advantages of honesty (reality), kindness (kindness), harmony (emphasis) and tolerance. The tablet "Heaven and Earth Master" reflects the deep-rooted cultural connotation of people's respect for God (heaven and earth), loyalty to the country (monarch), family (relatives) and teachers' morality. China traditional culture pursues the harmony between man and nature, attaches importance to personal cultivation, and is based on the cultivation belief of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which can tolerate, develop and safeguard human morality and make people have positive beliefs.
Different from the rigid constraints of law, cultural constraints are flexible. The law emphasizes the punishment after committing a crime, while culture plays a role in preventing crime for the cultivation of morality. The ethical values of a society are often reflected through culture.
In the history of China, the Tang Dynasty, when traditional culture reached its peak, was precisely the period when China's national strength reached its peak, so science dominated the whole country. At that time, Europe, the Middle East, Japan and other places sent people to study in Chang 'an, neighboring countries took China as the suzerain country, and all countries came to North Korea to retranslate money. After the Qin Dynasty, China was often occupied by ethnic minorities, including the independent dynasties of Sui, Tang, Yuan and Qing, but almost all of them were sinicized, which was due to the Datong of traditional culture. As Confucius said, "If you stay away from the crowd, you must cultivate your self-cultivation."
The real culture of China people was created by the Yellow Emperor five thousand years ago, so the Yellow Emperor is called "the ancestor of mankind". In fact, the Yellow Emperor was also the founder of China's Taoist thought ("the study of Huang Lao"). Confucianism is deeply influenced by Taoism. Confucius said, "Take Tao as the aim, rely on morality, rely on benevolence and travel with art", and "If you hear Tao, you will die in the evening". The Book of Changes, which describes the laws of heaven and earth, yin and yang, the universe, society and life, is regarded by Confucianism as the "head of the group classics", and its predictions are not as good as modern science. Buddhism, especially Zen Buddhism, has exerted a subtle influence on intellectuals.
Confucianism is a part of the traditional culture after China's entry into WTO, and attaches importance to family ethics, among which "filial piety" occupies a heavy weight, and "filial piety of all virtues comes first". Confucius advocated "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith", but he also said: "Who is filial, is the foundation of benevolence?"
Family ethics can naturally extend to social ethics, and "filial piety" extends upward to the minister's "loyalty" to the monarch. The so-called "he is also filial, but easy to offend." "Xun" is the relationship between brothers, which can be horizontally extended to "righteousness" between friends. Confucianism advocates father's kindness, son's filial piety, brother's affection and respect in the family, in which "kindness" can be extended downward to "benevolence" of the monarch to the minister. As long as the tradition in the family can be maintained, social ethics will naturally be maintained, "cultivate one's morality, keep the family in order, run the country and level the world."
Buddhism and Taoism are "born" parts of traditional culture. The influence of Buddhism and Taoism on the lives of ordinary people can be said to be everywhere. Traditional Chinese medicine, qigong, geomantic omen, divination, Buddhism, heaven and earth, retribution of good and evil, etc. are deeply rooted in Taoist thought and together with Confucian ethics form the core of China traditional culture.
Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have established a very stable moral system for China people. As the saying goes, "the sky remains unchanged and the Tao remains unchanged." This moral system is the foundation of social existence, stability and harmony.
Morality belonging to the spiritual level is often abstract, and an important role of culture is to popularize the moral system.
Taking the four classic novels as examples, The Journey to the West is a myth in itself; A Dream of Red Mansions begins with a dialogue between an empty scholar, an ethereal real person and a psychic Baoyu crossing a barren hill and a barren cliff. This myth is the clue that runs through A Dream of Red Mansions. "Water Margin" begins with the myth that "Hong Taiwei went astray by evil spirits", which is the origin of one hundred single and eight generals in Liangshan, Shui Bo; Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with the warning of natural disasters, and ends with the concept of destiny that "everything is endless and the number of days is inevitable". Others, such as Biography of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty or Yue Biography, all start with similar stories.
This is by no means a coincidence when novelists create, but the basic view of China intellectuals on nature and life. Their cultural works have a far-reaching impact on later generations. As a result, when people in China talk about loyalty, they often think of Guan Yu, a "former American" figure, as well as stories such as "Three Things in Tuntu Mountain", "The Surrounding of White Horses", "Going through Five Customs to Cut Six Generals" and "Huarong Road", and finally lose Maicheng, and "Loyalty is unyielding, and father and son return to God". When it comes to loyalty, you will naturally think of Yue Wumu's loyalty to the country, Zhuge Liang's dedication and so on.
In this way, the praise of "loyalty" in traditional values is vividly presented to readers through wonderful stories created by intellectuals. Abstraction-moralizing, concretizing and visualizing through cultural means.
Taoism talks about truth, Buddhism talks about goodness, and Confucianism talks about loyalty, forgiveness, benevolence and righteousness. "There are differences outside, and there are similarities inside ... nothing more than hoping that people will return to goodness." This is the most valuable place of traditional culture rooted in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
Traditional culture is permeated with "heaven, Tao, God, Buddha, destiny, predestination, benevolence, righteousness, ceremony, wisdom, faith, honesty, shame, loyalty, filial piety and chastity". Many people may be illiterate all their lives, but they are familiar with traditional drama and storytelling. These cultural forms are an important way for people to acquire traditional values.
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