What are the main pesticide formulations in China?

A pesticide can be processed into various dosage forms, and the common dosage forms are powder, granule, wettable powder, soluble powder, concentrated suspension and colloid, emulsifiable concentrate, seed coating agent, oil agent, slow-release agent and smoke agent.

(1) powder (d). The powder is a very fine powder mixture, and 95% of the powder particles can pass through a 200-mesh screen (the inner diameter of the screen hole is 74um). The low-concentration powder mainly used for powder spraying can be directly sprayed, which is suitable for areas with difficult water sources; High concentration powder is used for seed dressing and preparation of toxic soil. Powder cannot be sprayed with water.

3.2 Particles (grams). Granular dosage form processed from raw materials, carriers and additives. It is a multi-specification, multi-dosage form and multi-purpose dosage form derived from powder. Granular drugs are divided into fine particles, granules and large particles according to particle size, and those with particle size larger than large particles are called blocky drugs or pills. According to the disintegration of the carrier, particles that do not disperse in water are called non-disintegrating particles, and particles that disperse in water are called disintegrating particles. The effective components of non-disintegrating granules are gradually released from the carrier to exert their efficacy, mostly in the form of granules or granules, with many kinds of preparations and wide uses. Disintegrating granules, also known as water dispersible granules, mostly appear in the form of large granules or granules. Mainly used for soil treatment.

(3) Wettable powder. Powder dosage forms that are easily wetted by water and can be dispersed and suspended in water. It is made by mixing water-insoluble raw materials with wetting agent, dispersant and filler and crushing them. The preparation can be diluted into stable and well-dispersed suspension by adding water for spraying. Wettable powder plays an important role in pesticide preparation. Compared with EC, it does not use organic solvents and emulsifiers. It also has some advantages of powder, such as low packaging and transportation cost, higher content of effective components than ordinary powder and better storage resistance. In particular, herbicides and fungicides are mostly solid technical drugs, some of which are insoluble in water and organic solvents, and are not suitable for processing into emulsifiable concentrate, but are suitable for processing into wettable powder. The efficacy of wettable powder is better than that of similar powder. It can also be used for seed dressing, soil treatment, root irrigation, preparation of poisonous soil, poisonous bait and so on.

(4) soluble powder (WS). The preparation looks like wettable powder, but the content of active ingredients is usually higher than that of wettable powder. For the same drug, under the condition of the same content of active ingredients, the efficacy of soluble powder is higher than that of wettable powder, and packaging and transportation are equally convenient; Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, the efficacy is similar, but no organic solvent is needed and the dosage of additives is relatively small, which not only reduces the product cost, but also is relatively safe to the environment. The dosage form can be used after being diluted with water, and special attention should be paid to moisture-proof packaging and dry storage.

(5) Concentrated suspending agent. Solid technical drugs are dispersed and suspended in water medium or oil medium containing various additives, and can flow in high-concentration viscous dosage forms. Concentrated suspending agent with water as medium is often referred to as suspending agent for short; Concentrated suspension with oil as the medium is often called oil suspension, which can be used for aircraft or ultra-low volume spraying. It has some advantages of emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powder, such as rain erosion resistance, nonflammability and no phytotoxicity. Can be mixed with water in any proportion.

(6) EC. An oily homogeneous liquid dosage form can be dispersed into emulsion after water is added. The equipment used in the processing of EC is simple, and the preparation process is easy to master, that is, the original drug is dissolved in organic solvent, and then emulsifier is added, and the three are mutually soluble. The emulsifiable concentrate has high content of effective components, good storage stability, high efficacy and convenient use. Emulsifiable oil cannot be sprayed directly, so it needs to be diluted with water to form an emulsion with a certain concentration and sprayed with a sprayer. Emulsifiable oil has many advantages, but the biggest disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of organic solvents, pollutes the environment, is flammable and unsafe. Therefore, other dosage forms containing no or less organic solvents are concerned, such as concentrated emulsion, suspension, aqueous solution and so on.

(7) Concentrated emulsifiable concentrate. It is an oil-in-water opaque emulsion liquid pesticide preparation. It is made of water-insoluble pesticide crude oil, emulsifier, dispersant, stabilizer, antifreeze and water through homogenization process, with little or no use of organic solvent. Compared with EC, this formulation is characterized by taking water as continuous phase and pesticide crude oil as dispersed phase. Water can inhibit the volatilization of pesticide vapor, and its production cost is lower than that of emulsifiable concentrate. No danger of combustion and explosion, safe storage and transportation, avoiding the harm of organic solvents to the environment, people and livestock and crops. The concentrated emulsion can be directly used for aircraft or ground micro-spraying. You can also spray water continuously.

(8) Water green. Aqueous solution dosage form of pesticide technical. The aqueous solution contains a small amount of surfactant. This is a real solution preparation, in which the drug is dispersed in water in molecular or ionic state. The concentration depends on the solubility of the effective components of the pesticide, which requires the stability of the original drug in water. The use method is basically the same as the above concentrated emulsion. Specially used to treat seeds is called seed treatment agent. Used to control indoor sanitary pests, it is often processed into aromatic water. All water-soluble and water-stable raw materials can be processed into aqua.

(9) Seed coating agent.

Pesticide containing adhesive is coated on the outside of plant seeds and forms a solid drug layer. Seeds treated with it can usually be stored for a period of time, so some seed companies sell them as commercial seeds. If seeds are dressed or soaked in conventional dosage forms, such as powder, emulsifiable concentrate, etc., it is called seed treatment agent, which is usually sown after treatment.

(10) oil agent. Pesticide technical oil formulation. This agent is specially designed for ultra-low volume spray, also known as ultra-low volume spray. This dosage form generally contains 20% ~ 50% of pesticide active ingredients, which can be sprayed directly without dilution.

(1 1) sustained-release agent. A pesticide preparation capable of controlling the slow release of pesticide active ingredients from processed products. Pesticides are stored in the processed products of pesticides by physical and chemical means, and then released in a controlled way. At present, some foreign sustained-release agents have been commercialized, and domestic research is being accelerated, mainly to explore the processing technology of sustained-release agents and study the relationship between release speed and environmental conditions.

(12) smoke agent. A pesticide preparation, after the mixture is ignited, the active ingredients are suspended in the air of a smoke-like dispersion system. When the ignition is used, it can burn, but it should only smoke without flame. The effective components of pesticides are vaporized by heating, cooled in the air, condensed into extremely fine solid particles and deposited on the surface of plants. Fine particles not only have good contact toxicity and stomach toxicity to pests, but also can enter the body through the respiratory tract of pests and cause toxicity. The use of fuming agent also has the advantages of high working efficiency and low labor intensity. It should be used in a closed environment, such as in a protected area.