What are the characteristics of the structure of China's trade in goods and services, how to adjust the

In recent years, China's service industry has realized a sustained, stable and healthy development, and the development of the service industry has promoted the growth of trade in services.In 1989, China's total import and export of trade in services ranked 30th in the world, and it rose to 12th in 2000. However, due to the low starting point of China's trade in services, the foundation is poor, compared with developed countries there is still a big gap, mainly in:

1, the overall level of trade in services is poor

China's service industry is insufficient in the total amount of the proportion of the national economy is low. 2001 China's service industry added value of 3,225,440,000,000 yuan, accounting for the proportion of the GDP is 33. 6%. Compared with 46%-56% in middle-income countries and 59%-65% in high-income countries, there is still a big gap. The backwardness of the service industry makes the development of China's service trade subject to great constraints. 2002 China's total trade in services amounted to 66 billion dollars, accounting for 2.3% of the total global trade in services. In the same period, the total trade in services of the United States accounted for 16.5% of the world's total trade in services, which is more than seven times that of our country. From a general point of view, in addition to tourism and a few other industries, most areas of trade in services are in deficit. After joining the WTO, the service trade deficit is likely to further expand....

2, the internal structure of trade in services is unreasonable

1995-2002, China's total exports of services, tourism services have been in the first place, its share of 27.6% to 36.5%: the proportion of financial services has been in the proportion of 19% or so; the proportion of transportation services has declined, from 27.1% to 19%. The information technology-based emerging services industry is a clear weakness, such industries in 1995, the proportion of service imports accounted for 22.9% in 2001 increased dramatically to 52.4%, an important factor in China's services trade deficit is growing.

3, services trade management lag

Since the service industry is composed of many related industries, international trade in services involves a wide range of industries, the international community requires a country to carry out overall coordination and management of its domestic service industry. At present, there are many defects in China's foreign trade in services management system, such as the central and local foreign trade in services policy and regulations there are still some differences between the services industry, the services industry, the problem of multiple management, government, and even mutual constraints have not been fully resolved, the services industry statistics are not standardized, industry standards and other aspects of the many not in line with international practice.

4, trade in services legislation is not sound

For a long time, China's trade in services legislation is seriously lagging behind, although in recent years, the Commercial Banks Act, the Insurance Act, the Maritime Law and so on, but with the broad connotation of trade in services and the development of international trade in services, compared with the requirements of the trade in services there are still many deficiencies. At present, China does not have a general law on the service industry, and the existing provisions are mainly manifested in the regulations and internal documents of various functional departments, which are not only at a low legislative level but also lack coordination, thus affecting the unity and transparency of China's legislation on trade in services.

It is necessary to address the imperfections in the management system of trade in services, and actively promote the reform of institutional mechanisms, integrated planning and timely adjustments to formulate China's development strategy for trade in services, transforming the emphasis on trade in goods, the traditional concept of trade in services, and to establish a strategic *** knowledge, to avoid the confusion of the multiple management, to provide policy and institutional safeguards for the development of trade in services. At the same time, the reform of household registration system, social security system, land system and intermediary service organizations should be pushed forward in an orderly manner, and form a complement with China's economic and social comprehensive management system reform committee. As for the improvement of China's international trade in services statistical system, it is necessary to strengthen the legalization and standardization of the management of the statistical survey of trade in services, to establish an efficient main body of trade in services statistics, to set up a professional and authoritative statistical management system vertically led by the National Bureau of Statistics, and to realize the complete convergence with the international standards as soon as possible, and to improve a series of problems in the indirect declaration of the balance of payments.

Secondly, we should adjust the structure of interests, change the inherent interest pattern of excessive government intervention in the market, and deal with the relationship between the government and the market in response to the problems of insufficient competition in the market of the service industry. Break the administrative monopoly of the service market and service industry, give full play to the role of the market as the leading mechanism for the allocation of resources, reduce the threshold for private enterprises to enter the field of services and trade in services, and actively guide the private capital to the field of services and trade in services, to improve China's public **** services and public **** services products supply capacity, and achieve nationwide public **** services equalization.

Thirdly, we should change the development mode of state-owned monopolies, further refine the social division of labor, implement effective measures conducive to the separation of manufacturing and service industries, and promote the professional development of service industries and service trade. Keeping in mind the reality of the national situation that the development of productive service industry is short, we should effectively promote the development of manufacturing industry and trade in goods by vigorously developing productive service trade such as research and development, consulting, logistics, finance, insurance, information service, cultural creativity and exhibition, etc.; at the same time, we should reasonably develop the trade in living service to accelerate the improvement and upgrading of residents' living standard and quality.

Fourth, we should simplify the administrative approval process in response to the problem of inappropriate policy arrangements related to trade in services. From international experience, expanding the scope of local governments' legislation on certain financial and administrative rights can promote the development of the service industry and trade in services. Therefore, we should take the lead in improving the distribution of financial and administrative rights between the central government and local governments from the eastern coastal region, and clarifying the institutional policy arrangements conducive to the development of trade in services. At the same time, the preferential policies to promote the development of trade in services should be formulated according to the characteristics of the industry and the region, do not "one size fits all", the implementation of the policy should be regularly assessed and adjusted at the right time.

Fifth, we must strengthen the training of the cadres of trade in services, in encouraging the development of trade in services, policies in addition to the trade in services to the project, industry or enterprise tilt, but also to take out a certain proportion of funds to strengthen the trade in services of the government departments of the management of the cadres of the trade in services to train the staff of the competent authorities to participate in trade in services related training on a regular basis, go to the developed countries or regions for study tours to learn the advanced management concepts. advanced management concepts, etc.

Sixth, we must rationalize the three relationships, namely, "trade in services and the relationship between the service industry", "trade in services and trade in goods", and "trade in services and the expansion of openness relationship ". During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the mutual promotion and coordinated development of trade in services, services and goods should be emphasized, and trade in services should play a significant role in driving the structural adjustment of the services industry and upgrading the level of trade in goods, and while further opening up of the services industry to the outside world, Chinese services enterprises should be guided to "go global" in an orderly manner. "Going out". Through the mode of "commercial presence" of trade in services, it will implement the strategic transformation of the open economy from "Made in China" to "China Services", expand the scale of trade in services, and promote the strategic upgrading of the development mode of the open economy. The development mode of strategic upgrading.