Location advantages of developing export agricultural products in Fujian coastal areas

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General situation of agriculture in Fujian Province

The land area of the whole province is1.21.4000 square kilometers, of which hills account for more than 80%, and it is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The province's cultivated land area is 6.5438+0.806 million mu, accounting for only 654.38+00% of the country's land area, and the per capita cultivated land is 0.57 mu. Among the cultivated land area in the province, paddy field is 6.5438+0.459 million mu, dry land is 3.47 million mu, and effective irrigation area is 6.5438+0.405 million mu, accounting for 77.8% of cultivated land. Although the per capita arable land in our province is small, it is rich in land resources, especially in mountainous areas, accounting for about 85% of the total land area. There is great potential to develop agriculture and animal husbandry production in mountainous areas, including 96 million mu below 500 meters above sea level, which is conducive to the development of perennial cash crops such as tea and fruit. There are about 30 million mu of grass hills and slopes, and 4.5 million mu of wasteland can be reclaimed, including more than 800,000 mu of suitable agriculture and 3.5 million mu of suitable tea fruits.

1. Fujian province has a long coastline, large coastal beaches and abundant water resources. The province's coastline is 3324 kilometers long, and there are more than 2.9 million mu of coastal beaches, of which about 2 million mu can be reclaimed. In addition to aquaculture, most offshore areas are also ideal breeding conditions for poultry industry. The length of inland river is 13569 km, the annual runoff is130 billion cubic meters, and the theoretical reserve of hydraulic resources is10.46 million watts. The criss-crossing rivers not only provide sufficient hydraulic resources for agricultural irrigation, but also help farmers enter the circulation field, develop water transport and promote the development of market economy.

Fujian province enjoys superior subtropical climate conditions, with annual average temperature15.1-21.4℃, sunshine hours 1067-2088 hours and precipitation 13 14-2582 mm. 1998 The total sown area of crops was 4,465,438+10,000 mu, including 30.43 million mu of grain crops, 0.784 million mu of oil crops, 500,000 mu of sugar materials and 6.98 million mu of vegetables. Among the food crops, rice accounts for 70% and sweet potato accounts for 19%. The cash crops in the field are mainly sugarcane, vegetables, tobacco, rape and peanuts. Sugarcane is a famous high-yield area in China, and its output ranks first in the country. Vegetables have developed rapidly in recent years, with the annual "South-to-North Transfer", processing and exporting more than 600,000 tons. 90% of the fruits go up the mountain, and the area has grown to more than 8 million mu, and a large number of famous fruit bases such as citrus, longan, litchi, banana, pineapple and loquat have been built. The proportion of high-quality fruits exceeds 40%, and the province's exported fruits account for 60% of the total. There are 6.5438+0.9 million mu of tea, and the annual income exceeds 30 million US dollars. Edible fungi is a new large-scale planting industry in Fujian. Artificial cultivation of auricularia auricula began in 1970s. In the 1980s, mushrooms, mushrooms, auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes and other edible fungi developed in an all-round way. At present, the annual fresh output of edible fungi has reached 850,000 tons, ranking first in the country in terms of output, output value and export earnings. The annual export income exceeds 1 100 million USD.

Second, the establishment of administrative divisions and agricultural institutions.

The capital of Fujian Province is Fuzhou. There are 9 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, including Fuzhou, Xiamen, Sanming, Putian, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nanping, Ningde and Longyan, 8 1 county (city, district), 969 townships (towns) and 14960 villagers' committees. The total population of the province is 32.82 million, including rural labor force 1 1928200 (agricultural labor force is 78285438+0000, accounting for 65.6% of rural labor force); Agricultural institutions under the provincial government include: Agriculture Committee, Agriculture Department, Fisheries Department, Bureau of Township Enterprises, Agricultural Machinery Bureau, Forestry Department, Water Resources and Hydropower Department and Meteorological Bureau; Agricultural scientific research units and institutions include: Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural University, Agricultural Cadre Management School, etc. All cities have agricultural schools. All cities and counties have agricultural technology extension centers, agricultural technology extension stations, agricultural broadcasting schools and scientific research institutions; There are 9 123 township cadres in the province.

Third, the characteristics of agricultural development

Since the reform and opening up, Fujian Province has unswervingly put agriculture in the first place in economic work, earnestly strengthened agricultural and rural economic work, and vigorously developed mountain and sea resources while ensuring a stable increase in grain production. Agriculture has made great progress and its economic strength has been significantly enhanced.

-The rural economy grew rapidly and the industrial structure was further optimized. Since 1990s, Fujian Province has made great achievements in grasping grain production, grasping the opportunity, breaking through the traditional agricultural model, improving agricultural economic benefits and increasing farmers' income. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas has been adjusted from 1.990 to 50:40: 10 to 24:6 1: 15 now. In the internal structure of planting industry, we should make full use of climate advantages, develop cash crops such as flue-cured tobacco, sugarcane and vegetables in a planned way, pay special attention to developing winter agriculture and tap the production potential of cultivated land. 1998, the per capita net income of farmers was 2946 yuan, 2.85 times that of 1990, and the total agricultural output value was 98.5 billion yuan, more than twice that of 1990.

-The effective supply of agricultural products increased and the comprehensive agricultural production capacity improved. Because the per capita arable land in Fujian is only 0.57 mu, the contradiction between population and land is very prominent. In order to ensure that the population increases and the per capita grain does not decrease, Fujian attaches great importance to the intensive management of existing cultivated land, develops non-cultivated land resources, expands food sources and vigorously increases non-food crops. Compared with 1990, the total grain output of 1998 was 9.58 million tons, a record high, with an increase of 780,000 tons. The total output of meat, eggs and milk1773,000 tons, an increase of 860,000 tons, and the animal husbandry production has grown steadily for 20 consecutive years; The total fruit output was 3.443 million tons, an increase of 2.655 million tons, and the per capita possession was 95 kilograms, ranking first in the country; Tea 1 1 10,000 tons, an increase of 52,000 tons, and the output ranks second in the country; 9.06 million tons of vegetables, an increase of 4.768 million tons.

With the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity, people's living standards have also been greatly improved.