Characteristics of bureaucratic physique in Song Dynasty

The main feature of bureaucratic system in Song Dynasty is to strengthen centralization. In the official system, centralization is centralized and the power of hundreds of officials is decentralized.

In order to prevent civil servants, military commanders, empress dowager, consorts, imperial clan and eunuchs from autocratic dictatorship, the Song court formulated a set of centralized political, military, financial and judicial powers. In terms of official system, the Song Dynasty was bounded by Yuanfeng reform, which was a stage before and after the reform, and the Southern Song Dynasty was a big stage. In Song Dynasty, there were three ministries: politics, army and finance, and the power of the prime minister was divided equally among the envoys of Tang Dynasty and the three ministries. The powers of the prime minister, the Tang dynasty envoy and the three emissaries are equal, but not unified.

In the official system of Song Dynasty, the central official system was the axis of centralization. Since Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, the central official system has been adjusting. Its characteristic is to weaken the power of officials at all levels by setting up official positions and dividing their powers. In Song Dynasty, the rulers weakened the power of the prime minister through the power of affairs, which made officials contain each other, thus strengthening the concentration of imperial power.

The centralization of absolutism in Song Dynasty reached an unprecedented level, which basically eliminated all kinds of factors that caused feudal separatism and threatened imperial power. It can be said that the strengthening of autocratic centralization gradually developed from the Song Dynasty.