Characteristics of Urban Architecture in China

"Zhou Li? According to Gong Ji's record, "The city of the son of heaven, with a square nine miles, three gates by the side, nine meridians and nine latitudes, looks at the city, and has left ancestors and right clubs". That is, the overall layout of the capital is centered on the palace, and the walls of Miyagi, Imperial City and Capital City are zigzag and nested at different levels. The side of the city wall is nine miles long and there are three doors on all sides. The corresponding city gates are connected by streets, with streets in the north and south and lanes in the east and west. The whole city is criss-crossed and divided into several neat blocks. In the south of the imperial city, there is a place where officials of civil and military affairs work, in the north, there is a market, in the east, there is a ancestral hall dedicated to the ancestors of the emperor, and in the west, there is a social altar dedicated to the gods of country and millet. The surrounding block is a small area surrounded by walls, called Li Fang, which is a residential area for citizens.

(A) Founder city model

"Zhou Li? The unified urban model of Kau Gong Ji, based on the ideal of Confucianism, has been continuously influencing modern times and spreading to neighboring eastern countries, becoming an oriental model represented by China, that is, a square, neat, symmetrical and orderly chessboard structure surrounded by high walls. Such as Chang 'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Kaifeng City in Tokyo in Northern Song Dynasty, Zhongdu City in Jin Dynasty, Dadu City in Yuan Dynasty and Beijing City in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

(B) the natural city model

Different natural environments and different city-building processes also affect the outline form and internal structure of ancient cities in China. For example, Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty and Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty have different outlines and internal patterns, all of which are closed natural city models.

(C) Western open model

After 1840, the layout pattern of radial open cities in western and central China has also had an impact on China's urban construction, such as Shanghai and Harbin. With the central square as the center, the roads extend radially outward, and the radial roads are connected by a number of circular roads at certain intervals, forming a central radial network business pattern.