How many writing techniques are there in poetry?

1. Metaphor: The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology, vehicle and figurative words. The ontology and vehicle of metaphor must be different things, but they are similar. Using metaphor can turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple and abstract into concrete.

2. Analogy: including personification and imitation. Personification is to describe things as adults and give them human emotions, will, actions, etc. Imitation is to describe people as things, or to describe this thing as another thing. Using analogy can make people or things colorful and vivid.

3. Metonymy: replacing noumenon with body. It doesn't directly say the person or thing it wants to express, but uses related things instead. It can replace the whole with parts, the ontology with features, and the class name with proper names. For example, in medicine, replacing words with "white beard" means replacing noumenon with features. Metaphor requires similarity between ontology and vehicle, while metonymy requires similarity between borrowing and ontology. Metonymy can concretize expression.

4. Exaggeration: including reasonable exaggeration or reduction of things. Lu Xun wrote in Medicine: ... eyes are like two knives, cutting the old bolt in half. "The last sentence used the exaggeration of" narrowing ". Exaggeration should be reasonable, its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association, inspire people and enhance the expression effect.

5. Duality: commonly known as "antithesis", it is called "antithesis" in poetry. Duality can be divided into wide pair and strict pair. Generally speaking, the number of words, relative parts of speech, structure and related meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be the same; It can be a phrase or a sentence. There are positive, negative and flowing equivalent types. Use duality, neat sentences, concise expression and lyricism.

6. Parallelism: It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. Its function is to strengthen tone, content and emotion.

7. Ask questions: Ask questions without doubt, attract attention in self-questioning and self-answering, and inspire people to think.

8. rhetorical question: there is no doubt, but the answer lies in the sentence, that is, the negative meaning is expressed in a positive form, and the positive meaning is expressed in a negative form. It has the function of strengthening tone and emotion.

Extended data:

Poetry mainly has the following parts:

(A) the origin of poetry:

Poetry is the oldest and most literary style. Labor songs and folk songs, which originated from ancient people, were originally the floorboard of poems and songs. At first, there was no distinction between poetry and song, but poetry and music and dance were combined into one, collectively called poetry.

China's poems have a long history and rich heritage, such as the songs of Chu in The Book of Songs, the works of Han Yuefu and countless poets. Poetry in western Europe was created by Homer and Caesar in ancient Greece, Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome.

(2) the characteristics of poetry:

Poetry is a highly concentrated literary genre that reflects social life. Full of the author's thoughts and feelings and rich imagination. Its language is concise and vivid, with distinct rhythm, harmonious rhyme and rich musical beauty. The sentences are generally in rows and pay attention to the beauty of structural form.

He Qifang, a modern poet and literary critic in China, once said: Poetry is the literary style that most strongly reflects social life. It is full of rich imagination and feelings, and it is often expressed in a direct lyrical way. Moreover, in the exquisite and harmonious degree, especially in the bright rhythm, its language is different from prose.

This definition summarizes several basic characteristics of poetry: first, it reflects life in a highly concentrated and general way; The second is lyrical expression, full of rich thoughts and feelings; Third, rich imagination, association and fantasy; Fourth, language has musical beauty.

(3) the expression of poetry:

There are many ways of expressing poetry, among which Fu, Bi and Xing are the earliest popular traditional ways of expressing poetry. Mao Xu said: Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is fu. Among the six meanings, style, elegance and ode refer to the types of poetry in The Book of Songs, and fu, bi and xing are the expressive methods in poetry.

Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the annotation of Biography of Poetry that the giver should tell the truth. For example, Ge Tan slug in The Book of Songs used this technique.

Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": What is Bi Ye? Cover things with accessories and threaten them with broken objects. Zhu said: If you compare, you should compare this thing with another thing. For example, the book Cat and Mouse in The Book of Songs is written in this way.

Xing: It is a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things and go straight to the theme to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": those who get the Tao are happy.

For example, to learn from others, from their own hearts, those who quote plants, birds and animals in poetry and prose are happy to say what it means. Zhu pointed out more clearly: those who are interested should talk about other things first to arouse what they are singing. For example, Guan Ju, Yao Tao and other articles in The Book of Songs are all expressions of interests.

These three methods of expression have been handed down all the time, and they are often used comprehensively and complement each other, which has a great influence on poetry creation in past dynasties.

There are many forms of expression of poetry, which are constantly developing and creating since ancient times, and their application is also flexible, exaggerated, repetitive, overlapping, jumping and so on. It's hard to describe. However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important form of expression of poetry.

In poetry, there is also an important technique of expression, which is symbol. Symbol is only symbolic meaning, but in modern poetry, symbol is the direct image of the soul and should be paid attention to.

Baidu encyclopedia-poetry