Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional virtues - What are the main aspects of agricultural development in ancient China?
What are the main aspects of agricultural development in ancient China?
In planting, the pattern of millet in the north and rice in the south has long been formed, which is different from wheat and barley in West Asia and potatoes, pumpkins and corn in Central and South America. China's primitive farm tools, such as hand-foot plows for digging and stone knives for cutting ears and harvesting, also show different characteristics from other regions. In terms of animal husbandry, the earliest livestock raised in China were dogs, pigs, chickens and buffaloes, and later it was increased to the so-called "six livestock" (horses, cows, sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens), which is different from West Asia, which has been mainly raising sheep and goats for a long time, and more different from Central and South America, which only raises alpacas. China is one of the largest origins of crops and livestock and poultry in the world. Primitive agriculture in most areas of our country occurred directly from the economy of gathering, fishing and hunting, with planting as the core and animal husbandry as the sideline, and developed with the development of planting, while gathering and hunting were the supplementary sources of living materials, forming a structure of coexistence of agriculture, animal husbandry and hunting. This structure leads to a relatively stable settled life and is suitable for settled agriculture. Pigs have always been the main livestock, and the combination of captivity and grazing appeared earlier. Nomadic tribes formed late. At the same time, China is the first country in the world to raise silkworms for reeling. In a word, China's agricultural origin is independent and self-contained. Chinese civilization is based on its own agricultural development, and the so-called "Chinese civilization comes from the West" that once circulated is not in line with historical reality. From the perspective of China itself, agriculture does not spread from a central producing area to surrounding areas, but is formed by the confluence of several sources. The origin of millet cultivation in the Yellow River basin is different from that of rice cultivation in the Yangtze River basin. Agriculture in southern China may have started with tuber crops such as potatoes and taro. Even agriculture in the same crop area may have different sources. On the basis of polycentric origin, based on the differences of natural conditions and social traditions in different places, China agriculture has gradually formed different agricultural types through differentiation and reorganization in the development process. These different types of agricultural cultures have become the basis for the formation of different ethnic groups. The ancient agriculture in China was formed by the integration of these different regions, different nationalities and different types of agriculture, and developed through mutual exchanges and collisions.
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