China Ancient Astronomical Calendar

(1) During the Spring and Autumn Period, the exact record of Halley's Comet was recognized for the first time in the world. "Spring and Autumn Annals" recorded that "one star entered the Beidou" in 6 13 BC, that is, Halley's Comet, which was more than 600 years earlier than Europe.

② During the Spring and Autumn Period, the calendar in China has formed its own fixed system, and in 2009, the principle of 65,438+7 leap was basically established, 65,438+060 years more than that in the West.

(3) During the Warring States Period, the earliest astronomical work "Shi Gan Xing Jing" appeared in the world, which contained rich astronomical records, reflecting people's understanding of astronomy at that time.

(2) during the Han dynasty:

(1) During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, astronomers formulated China's first relatively complete taichu calendar, and began to take the first month as the beginning of the year.

② The sunspot records in the Western Han Dynasty are recognized as the earliest sunspot records in the world.

(3) In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng made the earliest scientific explanation of the solar eclipse from the different positions of the sun, the moon and the earth. ④ The seismograph invented by Zhang Heng can measure the direction of unexpected earthquakes thousands of miles away, which is 1700 years earlier than that in Europe.

③ Sui and Tang Dynasties:

(1) The Dayan Calendar, which was compiled by the astronomer monk and his party in the Tang Dynasty, accurately reflected the movement law of the sun, and the system was complete, which marked the maturity of the ancient calendar system in China.

(2) The eminent monk and his party are also the founders of measuring the meridian length of the earth by scientific methods in the world. In the actual measurement, he realized that the knowledge gained in a small and limited space could not be arbitrarily deduced into a large or even boundless space, which was a great progress in the history of China's scientific thought.

(4) Song and Yuan Dynasties:

(1) Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, made outstanding contributions to astronomy. The "twelve-year calendar" which completely unifies the four seasons and twelve months is simpler and more convenient, which is conducive to agricultural arrangements.

② In the early Yuan Dynasty, Taishi Bureau was established to compile a new calendar.

(3) Guo Shoujing, an outstanding astronomer in Yuan Dynasty, put forward the correct proposition that "the calendar is based on examination, and the instrument of examination is not the instrument first", created nearly 20 kinds of astronomical observation instruments such as simple instruments and altimeter, and presided over the nationwide astronomical survey.

(4) Guo Shoujing presided over the compilation of Chronological Calendar. The one-year cycle is basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but it came out 300 years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar.