How was Tian Huangshi formed?

Tian Huangshi, referred to as "Tian Huang" for short, is named after being yellow under the paddy fields on both sides of Shoushan River in Shoushan Township, Fuzhou, and is one of the best varieties of Shoushan Stone. It can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense: Tian Huangshi in the broad sense refers to "Tiankeng Stone" and Tian Huangshi in the narrow sense refers to the yellow people in Tiankeng Stone. Tian Huangshi and Shoushan Stone are basically the same or similar in physical properties and technological characteristics, but they have been independent Yin Zhangshi varieties for a long time because of their rarity and high price.

Geological genesis of Shoushan stone and Tian Huangshi-Mesozoic (about 230 million years ago to 67 million years ago), a great geological change happened in eastern Fujian today, and a large amount of magma broke through the surface to form a towering flame. With the volcanic eruption, a large number of acidic gases and liquids are brought, which alternately decompose feldspar minerals in surrounding rock layers, making them more active in potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. However, relatively stable elements such as aluminum and silicon are retained. These solutions containing aluminum and silicon, after cooling, crystallization and mineralization, are Shoushan stone mines distributed in the mountains of Shoushan Township.

Tian Huangshi was at the end of Tertiary period millions of years ago. Due to the erosion of wind and rain, some minerals in the "high mountain" vein rich in Jiashi, Shoushan were separated from the deposit, scattered on the basic surface beside the stream, and then gradually covered by sand. These minerals have been buried in sandy soil for a long time, and the iron trioxide contained on the surface is gradually acidified by the influence of surrounding soil, water and humidity, which changes the true colors of the stone and forms a unique Tian Huangshi.

According to the existing geological results, we know that Shoushan stone was formed as a low-temperature hydrothermal mine and was "filled" in the cracks of granite. Tian Huangshi, or other "excavated monoliths" that we see at present, is a single "Shoushan stone", and there is no stone that Shoushan stone and granite "stick" together. So, is there a very small part of low-temperature hydrothermal ore left on the surface instead of filling the cracks in granite? Only in this way can they roll from one mountain to another under the change of the earth's crust and the erosion of wind and rain. Only in this way can we find Shoushan, which does not stick to granite, and excavate Dushi and Tian Huangshi.

We don't know the original landform of this mountain, but judging from today's landform, this mountain is a typical conical peak. If the crust changes or is eroded by wind and rain, the primary ore of Shoushan stone on the mountain surface should roll down around. However, we have only found Tianhuang in the Kengtou River at the southern foot of Gaoshan Mountain and the Shoushan River downstream. However, Tian Huang has not been found in Daduanxi, which is just a few steps away from Kengtouxi at the foot of the mountain.

It is eight kilometers from the source of Kengtou Creek to Jiemen Lake in the lower reaches of Shoushan Creek, and the land producing Tian Huangshi is only one square kilometer. Moreover, even the places that "produce" Tian Huangshi are divided into: Shangban, Zhongban, Xiaban and Xiaban. There are also obvious differences in Tianhuang produced by Siban. Tianhuang produced by Shangban is lighter in color. Tian Huang in Nakabantian is fresh and tender, with strong color; Tian Huang in Xiabantian is greasy, but it is tung oil color; Tian Huang in Xiaka is thick and hard, and its color is dark. Why did the mother stone rolled from the mountain to the ground change so much in Sakamoto's paddy field? So far, we haven't got a convincing answer.

As mentioned earlier, the formation of Tian Huangshi is millions of years, and "Tian" is only the product of human activities. It should be said that the "field" of human activities will not play a great role in the external characteristics and color changes of Tian Huangshi (except the "red field" caused by farmers burning rice roots as fertilizer), but should be a stream that infiltrates it day and night-that is, it has a great relationship with the water quality of Kengtouxi.

According to Shoushan Stone Farmers, the water in Kengtouxi is very profitable. The white Shoushan stone that people mined earlier was abandoned in the stream, and now its skin has turned yellow. The history of human mining Shoushan stone is only 1000 years, and the longest history of Shoushan stone in abandoned Toutouxi River will not exceed this time, and the shortest may only be decades, which will change in such a short time, so the change of Tian Huangshi, which has been infiltrated for millions of years, is completely conceivable.

We can't know the original appearance of Shoushan Creek millions of years ago, but at present, people's division of the upper, middle and lower plates is closely related to the three streams in Shoushan Village. That is, Shangban is the area where Kengtouxi passes; Nakasaka is the area where Kengtou River and Daduan River flow together. Xiaban is the area where Kengtou River meets Daduan River and then meets Dayang River. It seems easier to understand why the texture and color of Shi Tian are so different by using streams. That is to say, Shangbantian stone infiltrates 100% Kengtouxi. This kind of water is rich in some elements, so the infiltrated field stone is transparent and light in color. At this time, some elements in the water quality are relatively neutral, so the infiltrated field stones are relatively wet. The color is also very full; 25% of Kengtou Creek is infiltrated by Xiabantian Stone. At this time, some elements in the water quality are weak, which reduces the effect on the field stone. Therefore, the infiltrated field stone is greasy and dark in color. Of course, the water flow of each stream is different. This is just a metaphor. Perhaps this can explain the origin of Tian Huangshi and the difference between upper, middle and lower Sakata Huangshi.

But there is another problem here, because Tian Huangshi is not only perfect in color, but also yellow in appearance and light in interior. There are not only "gold coated silver", but also "gold coated silver" and crow skin. This may be influenced not only by the infiltration of streams, but also by the "microenvironment" in which each field yellow is located. According to Shoushan Stone Farmers, most of the Tian Huang dug in white gravel is hanging yellow skin, and most of the Tian Huang dug in black mud is crow skin. Whether this statement is scientific or not cannot be verified at present. In the case that Tian Huangshi is nearly extinct and the original landform of Tian Huangshi has been seriously damaged, it may not be verified in the future, so this statement can only be recorded for reference.

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