Information about "Qiantang River"

The largest river in Zhejiang Province, China. The upstream Changshan Port originates from the northern foot of Dajianshan Mountain in Xiuning County, Anhui Province, flows northeast through the northern part of Zhejiang Province to Ganpu, and then flows into the East China Sea through Hangzhou Bay. The total length is 4 10 km, and the drainage area is 42,000 square kilometers. The main stream is called Changshan Port from Quxian County above, Qujiang River (Xin 'anjiang) from Quxian County to Lanxi, Lanjiang from Lanxi to Meicheng in Jiande County, Tongjiang from Meicheng to Tonglu, Fuchun River from Tonglu to Wenjiayan in Xiaoshan County, and Qiantang River below Wenjiayan. The main tributaries are Jinhua River (Wugang), Xin 'anjiang, Tongxi and Puyang River. In the past, Cao 'e River was also a tributary of Qiantang River. The back coast collapsed and the estuary sank, leaving only Qiantang River to flow into the sea alone. The mouth of Qiantang River is trumpet-shaped. There is a sandbar uplift at the bottom of the river near Haining County, and the tide is flowing backwards. Due to the contraction of the terrain, the tidal head stands on the wall, forming a magnificent "Qiantang hole", which attracts a large number of tourists. The maximum tidal range is 8.93 meters. Large reservoirs and hydropower stations have been built on Xin 'anjiang River and Fuchun River. There are 150 tonnage ships sailing between Hangzhou and Tonglu.

Qiantang River is one of the main rivers in the southeast coastal areas of China and the largest river in Zhejiang Province. Because this river winds zigzag near Hangzhou, it is also called Zhijiang, Qujiang and Zhejiang.

Qiantang River originates from Qingzhidai River in Xiuning County, Anhui Province, and reaches Zhakou River in Hangzhou, with a length of 484 kilometers (2 16.5 kilometers in Zhejiang). The basin covers an area of about 42,200 square kilometers, including about 35,600 square kilometers in Zhejiang Province, and the rest belong to Anhui, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. The main tributaries of Qiantang River are Wuxi River, Jinhua River, Xin 'anjiang River, Fenshui River and puyang river. Various parts of the mainstream have different names everywhere. From the source to Quzhou, Jiangshan Port and Wuxi River meet together, which is the so-called Qujiang River. To Lanxi City, Jinhua River flows in, which is called Lanjiang River. Zhimeicheng meets Xin 'anjiang, the main tributary, and becomes the main stream, which is called Tongjiang. Tonglu is hereinafter referred to as Fuchunjiang; Below Wenjiayan is called Qiantang River. The average annual runoff of Qiantang River for many years is 40.4 billion cubic meters, and the sediment concentration is very small, averaging 5‰.

[Edit this paragraph] Water system composition

Qiantang River twists and turns, and the upstream is a mountain stream. Beam-to-beam alternation; The middle reaches are hills; The downstream estuary is trumpet-shaped, and the estuary gradually widens. The main tributaries are Wuxi River, Wujiang River, Xin 'anjiang River, Fenshui River, Puyangting River and Caoejiang River.

(1) Wuxi River: Originated in the eastern mountainous area of Pucheng County, Fujian Province. East flows through the northwest of Longquan County, Zhejiang Province, and joins Qujiang River in Zhangtan Town, Quxian County. The total runoff is150km, and the drainage area is 2590 square kilometers. The average annual runoff for many years is 3.076 billion m3. The natural drop is 802m, and the theoretical reserve of water energy is183800kW. Rivers develop, and the main tributaries are Zhougongyuan and Hushan.

(2) Xin 'anjiang; Originated in the southern foot of Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province. Southwest flows through Shexian County and Xiuning County, and it is named Xin 'anjiang after confluence in Linxi Town, Huangshan City. The winding southeast flows to the east. After passing through the southern border of Anhui Province, Chun 'an County of Zhejiang Province and other counties, it passes through Xin 'anjiang Reservoir, passes through the southwest of jiande city City, and joins the Lanjiang River system in the east of Meicheng Town. The east flow is called Fuchunjiang River. The total length of the main stream is 26 1 km, and the drainage area is 1 1772 km2. The average annual flow in Anhui Province is 166m3/s, and the total natural fall is 1240m. The theoretical reserve of hydropower is 552,000 kilowatts. The main tributaries are Shouchangjiang River, Dongyuan River, Fengle River, Wuqiangxi River, Changxi River and Xiuning River. Xin 'anjiang River is a perennial river with small sediment concentration and crystal clear bottom. Before the completion of Xin 'anjiang Hydropower Station, the river bed gradient was large, and there were many canyons and shoals along the river. After the power station is completed, A Xin Anjiang Reservoir (also known as Qiandao Lake) with an area of 580 square kilometers will be formed under Zijin Beach. After the completion of Fuchunjiang Hydropower Station, the backwater of Fuchunkang Reservoir has reached Yangxi. The water level in Meicheng is stable at 22-23 to 5 meters. The rapids below Zijin Beach have disappeared, and 50t freighters and 200 passenger ships can reach Baisha from Meicheng. The flood is controlled by the regulation and storage of Xin 'anjiang Hydropower Station, and the maximum discharge is13200m3/s. ..

(3) Puyang River: It originates from Dayuan Bay in Pujiang County, flows through the north of Shaoxing in Zhuji City, and joins Qiantang River near Yan Wen Town in Xiaoshan City. It is 50 kilometers long. The drainage area is 343 1km2. The average annual runoff for many years is 2.46 billion m3. The upstream river is 22-75m wide and the downstream river is 80- 120m wide. The main tributaries are Chen Jiang, Huakai River and Qiaofeng River. There are small and medium-sized reservoirs such as Anhua, Qingshan and Shibi in the upper reaches 1037. The total storage capacity is 3 1 10000 m3; There is a high lake flood diversion gate in the middle reaches; Downstream cutting and straightening, excavation of new rivers, irrigation area of 230,000 mu.

(4) Wujiang River: also known as Jinhua River and Youxi. Shangyuan River is formed by the confluence of Dongyang River and Wuyi River into Jinhua City. The main stream flows northeast along the boundary between Jinhua City and Wuyi County, and joins Lanjiang River in the northwest suburb of Lanxi City. Liu Yu is 33 kilometers long. The total length from the source of the river is 179km, the drainage area is 655 1km2, the annual average flow is 153.4m3/s, and the annual runoff is 5.3 billion m3. The natural drop is 458 meters, and the theoretical reserve of hydropower is 23,700 kilowatts. It is possible to develop an installed capacity of 37,500 kilowatts.

(5) Fenshui River: The main source is Tianmu River, which originates from the mountainous area near Jingzhou, Jixi County, Anhui Province, and flows eastward through Tianmu Mountain Canyon into Lin 'an County, Zhejiang Province. The main channel turns south and flows to Danxi. Nanhui Bukou Creek, which passes through Changhua Town, is called Tianri Creek. To Tonglu County, the name Fenshui River began to exist. It flows into Fuchun River in the south, with a total length of 174km, of which the length in Anhui Province is 1 1.6 km, with a total drainage area of 3430km3. The average annual runoff for many years is 31.300 million m3. The natural drop is 1 142m. Theoretical reserves of hydropower) 0.07 million kilowatts. Two hydropower stations have been built in the basin with a total installed capacity of 7500 kilowatts. The main tributaries are Baduxi and Eleven Xi Du.

(6) Cao 'e River: It originates from the Tiantai Mountains in the southern foothills of Shandong Province and the eastern part of Pan 'an County, passes through the northwest of Xinchang County to Shengxian County, accepts tributaries on the left and right banks, and then passes through Shangyu County to Hangzhou Bay, a native of Shaoxing City. The total length is192km, and the drainage area is 5922km2. The average annual runoff for many years is 4.53 billion m3. The natural drop is 5 15m. The theoretical reserve of hydropower is196,000 kilowatts. The basin is mountainous and the water system is developed. The main tributaries are Xinchang River, Changle River, Xiaoshunjiang River and Huangzejiang River.

[Edit this paragraph] Natural characteristics of river basin

Qiantang River Basin is adjacent to the southeast coast of China, and located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average temperature of 65438±07C and dry weather. There are many southeast winds in summer, with high temperature, strong light and humid air; Cyclone activity is frequent in spring and autumn, and the temperature changes greatly. There are many frontal rains in spring and early summer, and many typhoons in summer and autumn. The direction of monsoon circulation is basically orthogonal to the direction of the main mountains, and the mountains have blocked the cold current and typhoon in the north. The average annual precipitation is 1.600 mm, in which it is rainy from April to June, accounting for 50%, which is prone to floods. From July to September, it accounts for 20%, and early disasters are frequent. River runoff changes greatly during and between years. For example, the ratio of measured annual runoff at Ludibu Station (control area 3 1700km2) in Fuchunjiang River is 5: 1.

[Edit this paragraph] River management and development

Qiantang seawall is a great ancient building in China. It is speculated that an earth seawall was built near Hangzhou in 1970s to prevent tides. At the beginning of the 20th century, the seawall built near Hangzhou was the beginning of the stone seawall. During the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, it further developed into a large stone pond with fish scales, which has been in use ever since. The regulation of Qiantang River estuary began in 1X century. 1747, a small sluice was dug between Zheshan Mountain and Hezhuang Mountain in Hekou, trying to use it as an intermediate flood to stabilize the river regime between the two mountains, but it was quickly blocked. After the founding of New China, flood and drought disasters in Qiantang River have been comprehensively controlled, and hydropower resources have been vigorously developed. 319jin river embankment and 403km seawall have been built successively, and 42 large and medium-sized reservoirs with a storage capacity of1000000 cubic meters have been built, with a total storage capacity of 28.5 billion cubic meters. Large and medium-sized hydropower stations and small hydropower stations such as Xin 'anjiang, Fuchunjiang, Hunan Town, Huangtankou, Fengshuling and Qingshandian have been built 1 10,000, with a total installed capacity of10.3 million kilowatts. The existing water conservancy facilities can irrigate farmland by 465,438+000 hm2 in dry years. The constructed seawall can resist the flood level of 10-20 years and the typhoon waves of 10. In the estuary area, the river regime is stabilized by combining embankment construction, groin throwing and reclamation. In the past 30 years, a total of 6,543,800 mu of land has been reclaimed. The river width above Yan Guan is fixed at 1 ~ 2.5 km, and the river regime is stable. The river bottom brush depth from the sluice to the front section of the warehouse is 1- 1.5 m, which can be used by 100-200 t class ships in tides. In addition, the Sanbao Shiplock has been built in Hangzhou, which can connect the shipping between Qiantang River and Beijing-Hangzhou Canal through a 300-ton ship. Tourism has also developed greatly, opening up the Xin 'anjiang-Fuchunjiang scenic spot.

According to the natural conditions, hydropower resources and socio-economic characteristics of Qiantang River, the development of main and tributaries is mainly based on power generation, with flood control, irrigation, shipping, water supply and fishery benefits.

The total water resources in the whole basin is 38.9 billion cubic meters, and the theoretical reserve of hydropower is 2,628,400 kilowatts (including 477,400 kilowatts in Anhui). The installed capacity that may be developed is 20065438+400,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation is 6.038 billion kilowatt hours ... The installed capacity of built hydropower stations (including Anhui 1) 146.5 1 10,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation is 4.338 billion kilowatt hours, including Xin 'anjiang, Fuchunjiang, Huangtankou and Huangtankou.

Most undeveloped hydropower stations are concentrated on tributaries in high mountain areas. These hydropower stations have small storage capacity, low energy index and installed capacity of less than 50,000 kilowatts. In the future development of Qiantang River, the main stream should be built with low-head runoff hydropower station with shipping as the main stream and power generation as the auxiliary. Select a number of water conservancy projects with good topographic and geological conditions and superior development conditions on the first-class tributaries; This paper studies the possibility and economic rationality of the expansion and installation of pumped storage units of existing hydropower stations such as Xin 'anjiang, so as to give full play to the role of existing hydropower stations.

[Edit this paragraph] Basin tourism resources

Both sides of Qiantang River are rich in tourism resources and are the most important tourist routes in the province. Qiantang River originates in Qingzhidai, Huangshan Mountain in southern Anhui, flows through 14 counties and cities, and flows into Hangzhou Bay. Because Tongjiang and Fuchunjiang have excellent scenery, they are collectively called Fuchunjiang. The estuary below Wenjiayan is called Qiantang River. This section of waterway looks winding and shaped like the word "Zhi" written backwards. The West Lake is just a point on the "Zhi", so it is called Jiang. Qiantang River, now abundant in water, is called the whole river. The mouth of Qiantang River is a huge trumpet. The distance between the north and south banks of Hangzhou Bay Estuary is about100km, which is shortened to 20km at Qiantang Estuary and only 2.5km at Yan Guan, Haining. There is a huge sandbar uplift in the longitudinal section of the river bed, which rises upward from Zhapu with a slope of1.510000, reaches its peak near Cang Qian, and then extends to Yan Wen with a slope of 0.6/ 10000. Influenced by narrow river bundles and river bed uplift, tidal waves are broken and turbulent, forming the world wonder "Qiantang River Tide". Qiantang River has a long history of development, and there are many famous mountains, beautiful waters, strange caves and historical sites on both sides. In this vast Qianjiang River basin, it is known as the "golden tourist belt" because of its rich specialties, outstanding people, rich customs and interesting scenery.

[Edit this paragraph] Spring Tide in Qiantang River

Qiantang bore-the most spectacular tide.

brief introduction

In the history of our country, there are three famous tidal bore: Qingzhou tidal bore, Guanglingtao tidal bore and Qiantang tidal bore.

Clear fees (1664-? "Argument on Guangling Pottery" says: "The tides in Shandong Province flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Guangling flourished in the Han and Six Dynasties. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhejiang was in full swing, and the atmosphere was from north to south. "

Qiantang hole appeared later than Guangling pottery and was formed at the latest in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wang Chong's Lun Heng Xu Shu mentioned that "Zhejiang, Yin Shan and Shangyu all have their own paths". He also said that during the Qian and Tang Dynasties, Zhejiang "all set up Zixu temples to comfort their grievances and stop their violent waves". However, Wang Chong only said that "there are pottery in Qujiang, Guangling, and literati endowed it", but did not say that Qiantang River was endowed with tide. It can be seen that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the fame of Qiantang Hole was far less than that of Guanglingtao. It is estimated that the custom of watching tides in Qiantang was also formed at that time.

Qian Jiangchao Genesis

The spectacular Qian Jiangchao is not only influenced by the gravity of the moon and the sun, but also related to the trumpet-shaped mouth of Qiantang River. On nearly 500,000 mu of reclaimed land east of Zheshan Mountain in Jiang Nanan, Qiantang blocked the estuary like a peninsula, which made the section from Zheshan Mountain to the outside of Qiantang River 12 river look like a small belly bottle, and the tide was easy to enter but difficult to retreat. The outer mouth of Hangzhou Bay is 65,438+000 kilometers wide, which is only a few kilometers wide outside 12. The riverbed in the eastern part of the estuary suddenly rises and the beach is shallow. When a large number of tides flood in from the mouth of Qiantang River, the river surface shrinks rapidly, and secondly, it is related to the sediment deposition under Qiantang River. These sediment deposits play a role in blocking and rubbing the tidal current, making the front slope of the tidal current steep and slow, thus forming the phenomenon that the back wave catches up with the front wave, wave after wave, and wave after wave is higher than wave.

[Edit this paragraph] The story of Qiantang Chamber

When the Qiantang River is at high tide, like other rivers, there is neither tide nor sound.

One year, a giant came by the Qiantang River. The giant was so tall that he crossed from one side of the river to the other. He lives in Shushan, Xiaoshan County, and sets fire to salt. People don't know his name, because he lives by the Qiantang River, so they call him Qian Wang. Qian Wang has great strength. He often used his iron pole to pick some big stones and put them on the river. Soon, he piled up one mountain after another.

One day, he went to pick the salt he had burned in Shushan for three years and three months. However, the salt was only enough for him to hold one end, so he tied a big stone to the other end of the pole and tried it on his shoulder. So he picked it up and crossed the north bank of the river.

At this time, the weather was hot, and Qian Wang was a little tired just after lunch, so he put down his burden and had a rest. Unexpectedly, he dozed off Just then the Dragon King of the East China Sea came out to patrol the river, and the tide came in. It kept rising and actually rose to the shore, slowly melting the salt of the king of money. When the Dragon King of the East China Sea heard that there was no such salty taste in the water, it became more and more salty. He couldn't take it anymore, so he turned around and ran away. He didn't want to escape to the sea and make it salty. After a sleep, King Qian opened his eyes and found that the stone at one end of the pole was still in Shixia Mountain (now called Shixia Mountain), but the salt at the other end was gone!

Qian Wang looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find salt. As soon as he looked down, he smelled the salty taste in the river. He thought, oh, no wonder the salt is gone. It was stolen by the East China Sea Dragon King. So he raised his pole and smashed it into the sea. A pole hit the big fish and they all died; Two poles turned over at the bottom of the river; Three strokes made the Dragon King of the East China Sea surface, begging for mercy.

The Dragon King of the East China Sea asked Qian Wang why he lost such a big temper. Qian Wang said, "Where did you steal my salt?" The Dragon King of the East China Sea realized the reason why the seawater became salty. Make amends at once, and tell me how to patrol the river and how to melt the salt of Qian Wang unintentionally to make the sea salty.

The king of money was so angry that he really wanted to raise an iron pole and kill the Dragon King of the East China Sea. The Dragon King of the East China Sea repeatedly kowtowed in panic and begged for mercy, and promised to compensate the king of money with the salt in the seawater. Call when the tide rises in the future, so that the rich king won't fall asleep and can't hear. Hearing that these two conditions were not bad, Qian Wang spared the Dragon King of the East China Sea, put the pole at the mouth of Hangzhou Bay and said, "Call from here at high tide!" " The Dragon King of the East China Sea promised repeatedly, and the money king left happily.

From then on, as soon as the tide entered Hangzhou Bay, it stretched out its neck and cried "noisily" until it rose to the place where Qian Wang had sat, stretching its neck to the top and screaming loudly. This place is now Haining. This is the origin of the world-famous Qian Jiangchao.

[Edit this paragraph] The characteristics of Qiantang hole

Cross tide

55 kilometers away from Hangzhou Bay, there is a place called Daguan, which is an excellent place to watch the tide across the river. Due to the long-term sediment deposition, sandbars have formed in the river, which divides the tidal waves from Hangzhou Bay into two waves: the east tide and the south tide. After bypassing the sandbar, the two tidal heads crossed and embraced like two brothers, forming a varied and spectacular cross tide, showing a spectacular scene of "thunder gathering on the sea and waterfalls crossing the river". At the moment when the two tides collided, a column of water as high as several feet was stirred up, and the spray splashed, which was thrilling. When the water column fell back into the river, two cross-shaped tidal heads appeared on the river surface and quickly ran west. At the same time, the intersection moved northward like an avalanche, hitting a straight seawall, causing huge splash and landing on the top of the pond, scaring tide watchers to scream and avoid.

Yixianchao

After seeing the Grand Canyon crossing the tide, I suggest you drive to Yan Guan as soon as possible and wait for the first tide. No tide shadow, smell the tide first. There was a loud rumbling noise in my ear, and the river remained calm. The noise is getting louder and louder, like drumming on all sides, which is deafening. In the distance, a white line appeared on the foggy river, and it moved rapidly to the west, just like "Pingchuan crossing the river, and Changpingsha began in Bai Hong". Closer, the white line becomes a water retaining wall and rises gradually. "If you want to know how high the tide is, you have to climb over the mountains and tread the waves." With the rapid advance of a white wall, the tidal bore appeared in front of us, like Ma Benteng, and the force of thunder was unstoppable.

The first-line tide is not unique to salt officials. Where the river is straight and sandy, the tides are all on the same line, but it is not as good as the salt official. The reason is that the location of Yan Guan and the width of the river channel contract sharply not far from the upstream, and the east tide and the south tide meet in a straight line, and the tidal level energy is concentrated, and the tidal head is particularly high, usually 1-2 meters, sometimes reaching more than 3 meters. Magnificent and spectacular tidal scenery.

Huitouchao

The tide from the upper reaches of Yanguan will reach the next tidal spot-Laoyancang. The geographical environment of the old salt warehouse is different from that of the dry salt pass, where the river is straight and the tidal bore advances westward without any obstacles. In order to fill the sea and protect the seawall, a 660-meter-long groin was built on the river course of the old salt warehouse. After encountering obstacles, the roaring tide will be reflected and turned back, where it will violently hit the opposite dam, then turn back with the trend of Mount Tai topping, and fall on the rapids moving westward, forming a row of "snow mountains".

The spring tide of Qiantang River is magnificent during the day and poetic at night. Watching the tide is a kind of enjoyment, and listening to the tide is a daydream. No wonder some people say that "the Qiantang national ceremony is not enough to watch the hipsters go bald."

[Edit this paragraph] Qiantang Tide Watch Guide

"August 18th tide, spectacular world." This is an eternal famous sentence of Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, praising the autumn tide in Qiantang. For thousands of years, Qiantang River has attracted many tourists with its unique and extraordinary trend.

Every year around August 18th of the lunar calendar, it is the best time to watch the tide. During this period, the autumn sun shines high and the golden wind is pleasant. On the seawall at the mouth of Qiantang River, tourists gather together and enjoy the wonders with great interest. Qiantang has three best places to watch the autumn tide. The seawall in the southeast of Yan Guan Town, Haining County is the first good place to go. The tide here is the most abundant, featuring the first line, so it is known as the "first line tide of Haining Pagoda". At the beginning of the tide, a white river flashed across the horizon, accompanied by a rumbling sound, which was like a dull thunder rolling on the horizon. The tide is coming from all directions. Like a flock of white swans in a row, flapping their wings and flying. The tide rises and falls, and the song is getting stronger and stronger. In an instant, the white tide peak came into my eyes. A water wall three or four meters high stood upright on the river, and the waves splashed pearls and jadeite. This is Malik Pentium. The tide rushed to the seawall and set off a 9-meter-high tidal peak. Sure enough, "the sky is turbid, and the river is overturned to destroy the mountains!" This radiant spray swallowed up the sound, and its scenery was spectacular and powerful. It is said that one year, a one-ton "Zhenhai Lion" was washed out 100 meters away. When the tide caused great repercussions, it flew away peacefully. Someone wrote: "The tide comes to splash snow, the sky floats, and the tide goes to thunder silently", which accurately describes the spectacular scene of the tide.

At Babao, the second scenic spot 8 kilometers east of Yan Guan Town, you can see the wonders of tidal collision. After the tide rises into the estuary, due to the different topography of the north and south banks, the tide speed is faster in the south and slower in the north, and the tide head is gradually divided into two sections. The rapidly developing south is called the South Tide; In the eyes of tidal watchers on the north shore, the delayed northern tidal head comes from the east, so it is called the East Tide. When the southern tide rushed to the south bank and was hit back, it turned around and rushed north, just hitting the late eastern tide. At this moment, a loud noise, like a landslide, thousands of snow peaks rise on the river, which is really shocking!

At the third scenic spot-Laoyancang, which is12km to the west of Yan Guan Town, you can enjoy the tide coming back. Here, there is a "T-shaped dam" with a height of 9 meters and a length of 650 meters, which goes straight into the middle of the river like a giant arm to turn the tide. At this point, the momentum of the tide has been slightly reduced, but when rushing to the T-shaped dam head, it is still like a lion leaping, screaming and choppy. Then the tide turned and fled back to the shore of xiang tang, and people came to the top of xiang tang to watch the tide. The sudden attack of the resurgence tide often makes the tide watchers unprepared, panicked and lost their manners.

In addition, there are day and night tide watching in Haining. Watching the tide during the day is very interesting, with a wide field of vision and a panoramic view of the surging tide. It is also wonderful to watch the night tide when the moon is in the sky. In recent years, accidents involving personnel have occurred from time to time in the tidal waters of Qiantang River. Among them, on August 2, 2007 16: 30, an incident occurred in the sea near Xiasha Qibao 1 in Jianggan District of Hangzhou, which caused more than 30 people to be swept away by the tide, resulting in the death of 1 1.

[Edit this paragraph] History of Qiantang Chamber

Qiantang autumn tide has become a common practice as early as the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, especially in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to legend, August 18 of the lunar calendar is the birthday of the tide god, so the tide peak is the highest. The court of the Southern Song Dynasty stipulated that this day would be a day to inspect the navy on the Qiantang River, and later it became a tide festival. Pan Lang, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in a poem:

In the long memory of watching the tide, full people scrambled to go to the river to look up.

I suspect that the sea is empty and drums are beating all around.

Xiang Tao, the frolic in the waves, stood upright to prevent the red flag from getting wet.

Don't look at the dream a few times, or chilling.

This poem is a true portrayal of the activities of "frolicking in the tide" and "watching the tide" in those years.

[Edit this paragraph] to solve the trouble of Qiantang.

Why is the autumn tide in Qiantang so spectacular and punctual?

This is a question that many people naturally think of. In this regard, there is a legend that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a State of Wu in today's Jiangsu and Anhui, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, defeated the State of Yue in today's Zhejiang. On the surface, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, surrendered to the State of Wu, but secretly he was ready to restore it. Wu Zixu, the minister of the State of Wu, knew about it and persuaded the king of Wu to kill Gou Jian many times. Because some treacherous court officials have slandered Wu Zixu many times in front of the prince of Wu. Regardless of his betrayal and loyalty, the prince of Wu gave Wu Zixu a sword to commit suicide, boiled his body, put it in a leather bag and threw it into the Qiantang River. Nine years after Wu Zixu's death, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, really wiped out the State of Wu under the planning of doctor Wen Zi. However, the King of Yue also believed the rumor and forced Wen Zi to commit suicide. Although two enemy heroes, Wu Zixu and Wen Zhong, live on both sides of Qiantang River, each protecting his own master, the ending is the same, and they are all connected with hatred. Their resentment turned into huge waves and set off a wave of anger in Qiantang.

Of course, legends are just legends. The reason why the autumn tide in Qiantang is so prosperous is mainly its unique geographical conditions.

Hangzhou Bay outside Qiantang River is a typical trumpet-shaped bay with wide outside and narrow inside, deep outside and shallow inside. The river at the mouth of the sea is100km wide. When it reaches Ganpu in the west, the river suddenly shrinks to 20km. When we arrived in Yan Guan Town, Haining, the river was only 3 kilometers wide. At high tide, the wide and deep bay mouth swallowed a lot of seawater at once. Due to the rapid contraction of the river, it becomes narrower and shallower, and the rushing tide on the road can't rise evenly, so the waves behind push the waves in front, and each wave is higher than the other. Near Dajiashan, there is a huge underwater sandbar, and the tide swarms, setting off towering and amazing waves, forming a steep water wall, which led to the initial tidal peak.

Do all trumpet-shaped bays produce tidal bore?

The answer is no. There are other reasons for the spring tide in Haining. In the coastal areas of Zhejiang, the southeast wind prevails at the turn of summer and autumn, and the wind direction is roughly the same as the tidal wave, which helps the tide to add fire; Tidal waves spread quickly in deep water and slowly in shallow water, and Qiantang River is very prominent from deep to shallow. This special condition can make the back wave catch up with the front wave quickly, and the layers of huge waves are superimposed to form a tidal head. In addition, tidal bore is also related to the gravity of the moon and the sun. Wang Chong, a thinker in the Eastern Han Dynasty, said in Lun Heng: "Tao and the moon rise and fall together, but they are small and completely lost." Because the sun, the moon and the earth are lined up in a line around the first and fifteenth day of each month in the lunar calendar, the tides on the first and fifteenth day of each month are particularly large, while around the eighteenth day of the lunar calendar, the earth is closest to the sun and has the greatest gravity in a year, and the tidal bore at this time is naturally the most violent.

Someone asked, will the autumn tide in Qiantang change?

In fact, the autumn tide in Qiantang has been changing. Due to the change of the peak position of tidal current, people's tidal observation points have also changed. The tidal observation point in the Song Dynasty is a right-angled river section over Hangzhou. After the Ming Dynasty, Yan Guan Town in Haining became a tide-watching resort in Zuojin. With the changes of modern rivers and seas, the highest tide level once moved westward to Toupeng, and in recent years it moved eastward to Babao. The most interesting thing is the decline of 1985 Qiantang autumn tide.

1985 The eighth day of the eighth lunar month is an auspicious day for tide watching. On this day, more than a dozen tourists went to Yan Guan Town to watch the tide. However, when the tide came, I saw a very thin money line approaching slowly, and the silver line was hidden from time to time. The closer you get, the less you can connect, only the waves stop. The height of the tidal bore is only 50 to 60 cm, which makes the tidal watchers very disappointed. Some people worry that the autumn tide in Qiantang will disappear.

In fact, the autumn tide in Qiantang River has not disappeared, but what is worrying is that the autumn tide has indeed gradually weakened in the past decade. And 1985 is particularly prominent. According to the analysis of relevant persons, the main reason is that 800,000 mu of land has been reclaimed from the sea in the west of Ganpu, which narrows the river channel above Babao, resulting in the decrease of tidal flow and the rise of river bed. In addition, in the rainy season of 1985, the discharge of Qiantang River decreased by 1/3 on average compared with previous years, and the scouring force on sediment was greatly weakened. A large amount of sediment brought by the tide is deposited on the river surface in the same area, which makes the deposition in this area thicker and forces the main line of the river to move south. In this way, when the tide flows into Qiantang River, it will only bend to the south and go upstream. Because the flow path is longer, the energy consumption of tides is too large. When the tide reached Yan Guan Town, it was "exhausted" and became a "spent force".

On this basis, people concerned infer that the Qiantang River tide will not disappear, because the shape of the bell mouth of the whole Hangzhou Bay has not changed. However, due to the narrowing of the river channel year by year, the intersection of Qiantang River and its holes will gradually move eastward. In the future, the best place to watch the tide is from Ding Qiao to Shibao in the east of Yan Guan. Nan 'an is in the seventeenth reclamation area of Xiaoshan County, Hangzhou.

[Edit this paragraph] Qiantang Kong's literary works

Tide in Zhejiang (2) is a great world outlook. From hope to prosperity (3). It is far away from Haimen, just like the silver line; As soon as we approached, the snow mountain in Yucheng fell from the sky, and the sound was like thunder, shocking and whipping, swallowing the sky, and it was extremely powerful. The same is true of Yang Chengzhai's poem "Silver in the sea is the country and jade in the river is the waist".

Note: ① Excerpted from Old Wulin Stories (Zhejiang People's Publishing House 1984 Edition), slightly deleted. Zhou Mi (1232— 1298) was born in Huzhou (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) in the Song Dynasty. (2) [Zhejiang] is Qiantang River. (3) 【 From looking to eighteen 】 The 16th to 18th day of the lunar calendar (August). Hope, the sixteenth day of the first lunar month (the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is called hope). (4) 【 Fang Qi is far from Haimen 】 When the Zhejiang estuary is at high tide. Fang, when ... it refers to the tide. Get out, get out, get up. Haimen, the mouth of Zhejiang, faces the mountains on both sides. (5) 【 Like a silver line 】 Almost like a silvery white line. Just a little bit. ⑥ 【 Rain City Snow Ridge falls from the sky 】 The total tide of Rain City Snow Ridge falls from the sky. Snow Ridge in Yucheng described the foam tide as a jade wall and a snow-covered mountain. The sky is connected with the sky. (93 1) describes a big wave. Rinse with water. The same is true of Yang Chengzhai's poem "Silver in the sea is a cup, and jade in the river is a waist". Yang Wanli's poem "Silver in the sea is a snake and jade in the river is a waist" refers to such a scene. These two poems are from the poem "Watching the Tide in Zhejiang", which means that the sea is rough and covered in silver; Zhejiang is horizontal, and the tide has covered it with a white jade belt. "... yes" refers to such a scene.

Silent goes out of Zhejiang Pavilion every year to teach the water army to study, and there are hundreds of people on both sides of the strait. Then, those who make full use of the five arrays (4) and ride flags, javelins and knives (5) on the water are on the ground. There is yellow smoke everywhere, and the characters are slightly blurred. 6. Water explosion, sound like a mountain collapse. When the smoke disappeared and the waves calmed down, there was no trace of it, only the "enemy ship" was destroyed by the fire and died with the waves. ⑩

Note: ① ② [Every year, Silent (yǐn) leaves Zhejiang Pavilion to teach the navy] Every year (in August of the lunar calendar), the Governor of Lin 'an, Kyoto will come to Zhejiang Pavilion to teach the navy. The Governor of Lin 'an Prefecture in Kyoto (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) was silent. Zhejiang Pavilion, the name of the inn, is on the bank of Qiantang River in the south of the city. 3 warships. (4) [That is to say, the five-array formation is sudden galloping, sudden jumping, sudden division, sudden merger and various changes. Exhausted, exhausted five arrays refers to five arrays: two, five, specialized, participating and partial. ⑤ Riding horses, waving flags, raising guns and wielding knives. Riding horses. Go ahead, dance. Mark, set and promote. I can't see each other at all. ⑦ 【 Water explosion 】 Explosive weapons used by the water army. ⑧ 【 No sign of Agger 】 There is no sign of a ship. Ge, that boat. Pet-name ruby 】 【 refers to the imaginary enemy warships. Attending [died of] arrival, arrival.

There are hundreds of people in Wu Ershan (①). They are all wearing tattoos (②) and holding ten colorful flags, rushing forward to meet (③). They appear in Whale Wave Wan Ren (④), which is changeable 15(⑤), and the tail of the flag is slightly wet, so as to boast.

Note: ① There are hundreds of Wuer who are good at traveling (qiú); Hundreds of Wuzhong athletes who are good at swimming. (2) [hair tattoo] The hair is loose and painted with literary color. Words and verbs. (3) 【 upstream 】 upstream. (4) 【 Whale wave Wan Ren 】 High waves in Wan Ren. Whale waves, huge waves. Wherever whales go, the waves are rough, so they are called whale waves. When Wan Ren described the waves as extremely high, he didn't mean it. ⑤ á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á á 1

More than ten miles up and down the Jianggan (1), pearls and green Luo Qi overflowed (2), and four horses bounced, and everything in their diet was twice that of the dome (3), while looking at the curtains, although the floor was not idle (4).

Note: ① [Jianggan] Riverbank. (2) 【 Zhu Cui Luo Qi overflow eyes 】 are all gorgeous clothes. Pearl Luo Qi refers to women's jewelry and tourists' gorgeous clothes. Overflow, eyeful. (3) [Double Dome] (price) doubled. Dome, high. (4) Rent a screen. Although the floor cannot be idle, there are many people renting sheds, and even if there is a place, it will not be idle. "lease" and "lease" both mean to rent. Tide watching curtain, a tent specially built for tide watching. Floor, a place, a place with only one seat. Permit, permit and manufacture.

Translation:

The high tide of Qiantang River is the most spectacular in the world. Every year from August 16 to August 18, the tide is the largest. When the tide appears from the distant Haikou, it is like a white silver line. After a while, it slowly approached. White waves rise like castles made of white jade and mountains made of white snow. The waves seem to fall from the sky and make a loud noise, just like deafening thunder. The choppy waves seemed to engulf the blue sky and wash the sunshine, which was very majestic and heroic. Yang Chengzhai once said in a poem: "The sea rises and becomes a silver city; Qiantang River is horizontal and tidal white jade belt. " Just like this.