Burials in the Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties are in terms of burial system and burial style.

Burials in the Qin and Han Dynasties and later periods, except for the Yuan Dynasty, left no tombs and no remains to be found, are mostly visible in other generations.

The mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is the largest. The cemetery sits west to east, with a rectangular plane and two rammed earth walls around it. The bucket grave is on the right side of the inner cemetery, and the sleeping hall is on the left. Many tombs and burial pits have been found inside and outside the cemetery, including the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit.

Eleven mausoleums in the Western Han Dynasty, except Wendi Mausoleum and Xuandi Mausoleum, are located in the Xianyang site on the north bank of Weihe River. Nine Mausoleums in Weibei and Ling Du have overlapping bucket-shaped tombs, the largest of which is Mao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Wendy Baling is "hidden by mountains" and has no grave. At that time, Empress Dowager Cixi was different from the imperial tomb. It was a flat square cemetery surrounded by rammed earth walls, and later tombs were smaller than the imperial tomb. There are buried tombs near the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, and the most existing buried tombs are Gaozu Changling and Xuan Di Ling Du, with more than 60 each. The two Changling tombs in Yangjiawan, Xianyang may belong to Zhou Bo and Zhou Yafu. Huo Qubing's tomb is the tomb buried with Maoling. From Gaozu to the vicinity of the Seventh Mausoleum of Emperor Xuandi, there are also supernatural sites dedicated to cemeteries. The mausoleum of the Eastern Han Dynasty is near the old city of Luoyang in Han and Wei Dynasties. Except that the original mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu was handed down from the Northern Song Dynasty, the rest are uncertain. According to records, there are stone halls and stone carvings in front of the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This rule has a great influence on future generations, but their remains have not been found.

The tombs of Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty are also near the old city of Luoyang in Han Wei. Because thin burial was advocated at that time, "because the mountain is the body", there was no tree seal, no sleeping hall, and no trace on the ground. The location of Chongyang Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty and Yang Junling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty have been basically found out, and other tombs of Cao Wei in Western Jin Dynasty have yet to be excavated. The Eastern Jin Mausoleum is near Nanjing, and it is still surrounded by mountains. There are no graves, and some graves are very small.

The distinctive features of tombs in the Southern Dynasties are as follows: first, the choice of cemeteries is influenced by physiognomy, and the direction is very different; Second, there is a long Shinto in front of the mausoleum, which lists stone beasts, stone pillars and stone tablets. Most of Hechen's tombs are near Nanjing. The tombs of Nanqi and Liang Xiao are mostly in Lingkou Town, Danyang. There is a pair of big stone Kirin at the entrance of the mausoleum, which is the symbol of the general entrance of Qiliang Mausoleum. It is generally certain that five tombs of the Southern Dynasties have been excavated. Large single-room long pits are excavated on the hillside, and the tomb walls are mostly patterned bricks. After filling, the graves are still raised.

After the excavation of the tombs in the Northern Dynasties, only the permanent tomb of Feng, the empress dowager of the Northern Wei civilization in Fangshan, Datong, was found. After the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, the mausoleum was located at the foot of Mangshan Mountain in the northwest of Luoyang River. The Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Xiaowen, Gaoling Mausoleum of Queen Wen and Jingling Mausoleum are relatively clear, but other remains have not been found. To the east of the river is the burial place of the imperial concubine and other nobles. Because of their blood relationship, the distance from Changling is from near to far. This layout retains the heritage buried by the early clans.

The eighteen tombs from Gaozu to Xizong in Tang Dynasty were all located in the northern part of Guanzhong Plain. Tang Gaozu Fairy is shaped like a Han tomb, and it is still a bucket-shaped tomb. Emperor Taizong's Zhaoling was changed to Gong Xuan Palace at the southern foot of Beishan Mountain, and no tomb was built after it was sealed. Since then, most Tang tombs have followed this system, and the layout of the cemetery is also stipulated by Zhaoling, with walls built around and doors opened on all sides. There are relics of the sacrificial hall (sleeping hall) at the south gate. On both sides of Shinto outside the south gate, there are 10 pairs of stone figurines, horses, ostriches and watches, some of which have statues of Fan Qitai. There is a relic of the bedroom (Summer Palace) quite far to the south of the cemetery. The best preserved stone carvings are the dry tombs of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. Zhaoling (167) is the most well-preserved burial tomb, followed by Xianling (67), and some excavations have been made over the years.

Among the tombs of the Five Dynasties, the Second Mausoleum of Nanking Nantang, the Tomb of Wang Jian in Qianshu and the Tomb of Meng Zhixiang in Houshu were excavated. They followed some systems of the Tang tombs, but on a smaller scale.

There are overlapping bucket-shaped tombs in the Eighth Mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty in Songling, Gongxian County, and the layout of the cemetery has changed slightly following the mausoleum system of the Tang Dynasty. The main differences are as follows: (1) the system of different tombs after the emperor before the Tang Dynasty was restored, and the tomb after the emperor was buried in the northwest of Yu Ling, with a small scale; The Summer Palace was built in the northwest of the Mausoleum, before Hou Ling, which was different from the southwest of the Tang Mausoleum. The variety and quantity of Shinto stone carvings have increased (generally, there are 23 pairs of tombs, and Hou Ling 10 pairs), and the combination and modeling are more stereotyped. Canggong, the sixth mausoleum of the Southern Song Dynasty, is located in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. After the death of the Song Dynasty, it was destroyed and there was no trace to be found.

Liao Ling and Fengling are located in Bahrain Left Banner and Bahrain Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, respectively. The ground buildings in Liaoling were destroyed by the nomads from the Jin army, and the layout was unknown. I only know that it is a mausoleum on the mountain, and there is a temple site in front. Jinling is located at the foot of Dafang Mountain in the southwest suburb of Beijing. It was destroyed in the Ming Dynasty and is now under investigation. The layout has yet to be determined. Xixia Mausoleum is located at the foot of Xihe Mountain in Yinchuan City, and its layout is very different from that of tombs in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Great changes have taken place in the mausoleum system in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The tomb is no longer an overlapping barrel shape, but a treasure-city-top style with a flat circular facade. The cemetery in front of the grave is a vertical rectangle, which expands the enjoyment hall and cancels the bedroom (lower palace). The Ming Tombs in Nanjing, the Ming Tombs in Beijing, Fuling and Zhaoling in Shenyang, and the Qing Tombs in Dongling and Qingxi in Hebei are all in this pattern. The differences are as follows: the Ming emperor buried the same mausoleum, and the Qing emperor buried a different mausoleum; The Ming Tombs are called Lingen Hall, and the Qing Tombs are called Long En Hall. In the Qing dynasty, there was a crescent city between Lingqiu Baocheng and Fangcheng Minglou. Ming Tombs, Qing Dongling Mausoleum and Qing Xiling Mausoleum concentrated their tombs in a general cemetery. Shinto and stone statues were set in front of the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the emperor shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty and the Tailing Mausoleum of Yong Zhengdi, that is, the Dahongmen Mausoleum, and the rest of the mausoleums were no longer set up.

Tens of thousands of tombs were discovered in Qin and Han dynasties and later periods. Some prominent families own the same cemetery, and there are tall and sealed soil on the ground, forming a wide range of tombs. The wind of heavy burial has declined, and most of the funerary objects are funerary objects. The tombs in different areas have different shapes, especially in some border areas and ethnic minority areas, each with its own characteristics.

The burial system in the tombs of the Qin Dynasty and the early Western Han Dynasty has been used since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, that is, a wooden coffin room was built in the vertical hole of a pit with a tomb, and the coffin room of the tomb owner was in the middle, surrounded by funerary objects, such as the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha. In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, some tombs, such as Wang Jing's tomb in Zhongshan, Hebei province, drilled huge multi-chamber caves on the cliff and built wooden tile houses in them. In other princes' tombs, a "yellow sausage puzzle" was added around the wooden structure treasures that passed through the soil.

Since the Han Dynasty, most of the common tombs in the Yellow River valley and northern areas are soil cave tomb with simple structure, which has been popular for a long time. At the same time, several new burial systems have emerged: ① Hollow brick tombs. Hollow brick tombs began to appear in the late Warring States period and became popular in the Western Han Dynasty. (2) Brick tombs. Burials built with small square bricks appeared in the Central Plains and Guanzhong area in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. It became popular after the Eastern Han Dynasty and became a common burial system throughout the country. Many tombs are painted with colorful murals, including celestial phenomena, four gods, myths and legends, historical stories, chariots and horses, feasts and so on. (3) stone tombs. The structure and layout of tombs built with stone carvings are imitations of real-life houses. It began to appear at the end of the Western Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, mainly distributed in Shandong and northern Jiangsu, Nanyang, Henan, Xiangfan, Hubei, northwestern Shaanxi and northwestern Shanxi. The Han tomb in Dahuting, Mi County, Henan Province, is a combination of masonry and stone, with both portrait stones and murals. In addition, brick tombs and cliff tombs are very popular in Sichuan province, and the portraits are all dead. Themes include harvesting, hunting, mulberry picking, salt selling and other production and commercial activities, as well as life scenes such as feasting, dancing and horseback riding. More than 200 tombs of different sizes have been preserved in Mahaoya Tomb near Leshan, dating from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Ancient ethnic minorities in some areas adopted special burial customs, such as hanging coffins in southern Sichuan. People were buried in coffins.

After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the layout of the tombs of aristocratic bureaucrats was simple and the area was reduced. Generally, it is a single room, and there are front and back rooms with high specifications, and there are very few rooms. The tombs in the Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties were long, and the part near the tomb was dug into a tunnel, with several patios at the top, symbolizing the level of the mansion courtyard. Murals are painted on the brick surface and two walls of the tomb, including tomb owners, waiters and waitresses, soldiers and armed riders, as well as four gods and astronomical figures. During the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao and Jin Dynasties, the tombs evolved from square and round to equilateral polygons, and carved bricks were used to build wooden-like structures. The contents of brick carvings and murals are mostly the same as those of the previous generation. They are all scenes of feasting and singing, and some tombs have the theme of zaju.

As for funerary objects, pottery funerary objects were added to daily necessities in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, and there were more types and quantities of funerary objects in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a large number of ritual and musical figurines have been buried with them, and square stone tablets and epitaphs have been placed. Tri-colored pottery figurines were widely used in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are hundreds or even thousands of pottery figurines in the tomb, and the owner of the tomb has a high status. After the Song Dynasty, many porcelains were buried with it.