What are the scientific tips on the calendar?

Calendars are very common things, but do you know some scientific knowledge about calendars? The following is the calendar science knowledge I carefully recommend for you, hoping to help you.

Scientific knowledge of calendars

1. Calendar type:

① Gregorian calendar: based on period of revolution.

(2) Lunar calendar: take the change of the moon phase as the cycle.

(3) lunar calendar: combining the period of the earth's revolution around the sun with the period of the moon's phase change.

2. The calendar in China consists of Gregorian calendar and lunar calendar. The Gregorian calendar (including the week of year, month and day) belongs to the solar calendar, the lunar calendar (including the solar terms of year, month and day) belongs to the lunar calendar, and the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar belong to the solar calendar.

3. Leap year: A year divisible by 4 is a leap year, and a century year divisible by 400 is a leap year. The Gregorian calendar has 365 days in a normal year and 366 days in a leap year (97 years in 400 years are leap years and 303 years are normal years), 28 days in a normal year and 29 days in a leap year.

4. Twenty-four solar terms: In ancient China, the cycle of changing seasons was divided into twenty-four segments, and each segment (about 15 days) was called a solar term, which belonged to the solar calendar and played a guiding and forecasting role in people's production and life.

Common sense of China lunar calendar

(1) festivals during the twenty-four solar terms.

The 24 solar terms, namely, beginning of spring, rain, fright, vernal equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Changxia, Xiaoman, Busy, Summer Solstice, Slight Summer, Great Summer, beginning of autumn, Chushu, Bailu, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, First Frost, beginning of winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice, Slight Cold and Severe Cold, are based on the fact that the sun is on the ecliptic.

② Seventy-two symptoms

The weather lasts for five days, and 365 days a year (average year) is 73 days. In order to correspond to the 24 solar terms, it is stipulated that three days are one day (gas) and a year is 72 days.

Each climate corresponds to a phenological phenomenon, which is called "waiting" Weather "weather" should include abiotic and biotic categories. The former includes "water begins to dry up", "easterly winds thaw", "rainbows begin to appear" and "the ground begins to freeze". The latter includes animals and plants, such as "Red Rock Comes", "Tiger Begins to Make Love", "Ping Begins to Live", "Bitter Vegetable Show" and "Peach Blossom Begins to Bloom".

Seventy-two climaxes originated very early and played a certain role in agricultural activities. Although some phenological descriptions are not so accurate and some are unscientific, they still have certain reference value for understanding the climate and its changes in ancient North China. Because the initial unit of phenology was small at that time, the actual climate and regional differences were great, so it was difficult to be widely used. Now that the phenology of the Yellow River basin has changed, the phenology of other areas is even more different. It is necessary to continuously develop phenology and formulate a new natural calendar, otherwise it is impossible to mechanically copy ancient books.

(3) How many dragons control the water

It is determined according to the date of the first day of the first month of each year. For example, the fifth day of the first month is called "Five Dragons in Charge of Water", and the sixth day is called "Six Dragons in Charge of Water", and so on. It is said that the more dragons, the less rainfall, and the less dragons, the more rainfall. Since ancient times, there has been a folk proverb that "there are many people and it doesn't rain".

Several cows are ploughing the fields.

The first ugly day every year (ugly day for cows) is on the first day of the first month, that is, "several cows plow the fields." The more cattle, the better. The more, the better.

⑤ Orientation map and explanatory text of the aged god.

Taking Wu Geng in 1990 as an example, its text description is as follows: (1) Ding Youbing, the sixth son of Jimao Wuzi, a traditional sacrifice victim, avoided good luck when he was buried; 1999, the third evil spirit occupied Dingba Mountain from Fanhairenzi in northern Huang Wu, avoiding all other mountains. Wang Mingqing, the traditional surname, said that heavenly stems belong to gold, earthly branches to fire and Yin Na to earth. Year-old virtue is in Geng, and year-old virtue is in B.

China Lunar New Year Daily Catalogue.

Calendar is the most miscellaneous, and the real "hodgepodge" is reflected here, mainly including: Gregorian calendar dates; Zhou; Seasons of the day (such as the first quarter, the twenty-four solar terms, the new moon, various festivals, etc.). ); That day was lucky and fierce; The first few days of the lunar calendar; Main branch; Xing Wu, Yin Na; Gossip; Daily divination; Value the nine planets; 28 stars; Twelve consecutive victories; Should be avoided on the same day; Rush to that day; Fetal god day; Good luck, adversity, etc. The contents listed in the arrangement order of a certain version of the yellow calendar are briefly as follows:

① Good or bad luck of a day: whoever meets the evil spirits of the old year, the moon, the new moon, the four-hour escape and the four-hour wonder, no matter what other evil spirits are nearby, it is an unlucky day, and the rest days are judged as peaceful or auspicious according to the twelve constellations (the twelve zodiac gods), the twenty-eight stars and various evil spirits.

(2) building, dividing, filling, leveling, fixing, holding, breaking, danger, success, merging, opening and merging into twelve satellites; The horn, sound, rafter, house, heart and tail are 28 stars (see the article "auspicious day of the ecliptic" and "28 stars"); Jiazi, Yechou, Bingyin, etc. It is the date of the day's dry branch (some words such as "gold", "fire" or "gold in the sea" and "fire in the furnace" are all the five elements of the day's dry branch).

(3) "Celestial officials in the morning", "XiShen at noon", "God's errand in the sun", "You Shi in the morning" and "Fu Wei Xing's errand" are all the contents of the gods when the sun is dry, and they are precious when the sun is dry that day. Due to the space limitation of the Yellow Calendar, only one of them is listed.

(4) The auspicious deities, such as Wang Ri, Yao An, Post Horse, Tian Hou and the evil spirits, such as Moon Break and Sky Fire, belong to the deities of the lunar system.

⑤ Appropriate "marriage, sacrifice, travel, breaking ground" and taboo "medical and written litigation" are the contents of a day, which are inferred from the twelve constellations, twenty-eight stars, your gods and evil spirits.

⑥ Wash evil spirits every day: for example, "Wash monkeys and be afraid of the north at the age of four" and "Wash chickens and be afraid of the west at the age of four".

"Chong" means that the earthly branches collide with each other, that is, the meridian, ugliness, Shen Yin, You Mao, Chen Xu and Hayes, and then the twelve earthly branches are matched with the zodiac, that is, the mouse, ugly cow, yinhu, maotu, dragon, snake, afternoon horse, sheep, monkey and unitary horse. Therefore, every Children's Day, and the rush at noon, are "running horses"; Yin, Shen, that is, "Running Monkey", is set up in this part of the yellow calendar to tell people not to choose those days that conflict with their genus.

The old monster who often lived in Four Seasons became "Four Seasons Yin Qi". It is extremely vicious and can travel in the sky. Drilling, camp repair and relocation in situ are prohibited. If you accidentally violate this point, your descendants and livestock will be hurt. However, the location of the old evil spirit is easy to find. From the second day, due south, retrograde east, one person a day, four days a week, and so on.

⑦ "Purple and White Nine-Star Checklist" of the day (some are the Checklist of the Moon, the Sun, Venus, Luo Wei, Mercury, Venus, Saturn, Jupiter and nine planets, Du Ji).

8 "Nothing at noon" and "Nothing at dawn" and so on. Refer to the article "Good Days and Good Times from the Sun".

Pet-name ruby finally is an auspicious and intense moment of the day.

These words "Zi Ping, Ugly Luck, Yin Fierce" are all inferred from the sun gods (Rilu, XiShen, Wubu, etc.). ), sun gods (Japanese architecture, Japanese cooperation, Japanese horse, Japanese rest, Japanese disaster, Japanese punishment and the gods of the zodiac, such as Qinglong, Tang Ming, Sky Patrol and Suzaku) and other gods (Sky Patrol, etc. ).