Were there three emperors and five emperors in ancient China?

There are always different opinions about some of the oldest emperors in China legend. Generally speaking, Sui Renshi, Fu and Shennongshi are the five emperors, while Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun are the five emperors. Generally refers to the ancient emperors. ?

Three Emperors and Five Emperors are the general names of Huang San and Five Emperors. The original meaning refers to ancient times (the emperor's, the monarch's and the emperor's), and Fu Jia is called "Huang San". In the original sense, the Five Emperors refer to the five ancient gods, and later five ancient tribal leaders, including the Yellow Emperor Gongsun Xuanyuan (also known as Ji Xuanyuan), were added as the Five Emperors. ?

Later, the supplement to the post-Three Emperors and Five Emperors has different opinions in different works:

Huang San:

1, aged, Fuxi, Shennong, from Biography of Shangshu.

2. Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong came from the Spring and Autumn Period.

3. Fuxi, Zhu Rong and Shennong are from Custom Yi Tong.

4, Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi, from the three-character classics.

5. You Chao's family and Sui's family are from Zhuangzi and Zhi Yi Lu respectively.

Five emperors:

1, Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, from Lv Chunqiu.

2. Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao and Shun are from Dadai.

3. Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao, from "The Collection of Building a Foreign Country with Capital and Tongzhi".

A brief history of Three Emperors and Five Emperors:

1, emperor.

Don't call it Tian Ling, Anti-Five, and Fog. The surname is Wang, the name is obtained, and the word is born; The first of the "Five Dragons"; King by wood. The emperor followed the rule of Pangu, which was located on the site of Jiaomo Mountain in Liangzhu ancient city. During the reign from 9684 to 7884, Shi Tian was the son of Pangu, the god of creation, the father of the monarch on earth, and the first Chinese tribal leader since the beginning of time. (When it comes to Fuxi Xishi, it is also called "Huang San" with Huangdi Shennong and Ren Huang Nuwa)

2. The earthly monarch.

Son of the emperor, husband of Moment Spirit, father of the emperor, and one of the "Five Dragons". Before 7884-before 6084. Its capital is Liangzhu Ancient City, and its capital is Longmen and Xiong 'er Mountain (now Longmen Mountain and Xiong 'er Mountain in Luoyang City, Henan Province). The earthly monarch is called Shennong, and is also called "Huang San" with Emperor Fu and Nu Wa.

3. Royal family.

The abbreviation of "Ren Huang", also called "Tai Huang"; Also known as Fangjia. The emperor family is the son of the earthly prince and the father of Titian family. From 6084 to 4724, he reigned, with the capital in Liangzhu ancient city and the capital in the ruins of two towns in Donggang District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province. When it comes to the emperor's surname, it is called Nuwa's surname, and it is also called "Huang San" with the emperor Fu and Huangdi Shennong.

4. Titi's family.

Also known as Huang Shenshi. From 4724 to 4694, he reigned, with its capital in Liangzhu ancient city and its capital in today's Huaihe River basin. The exact location is unknown. The prefect's family is the son of the royal family and the father of the surname. In addition, it is said that Han Zhongli is one of the Eight Immortals (Li Zhong, the son of heaven). Han Zhongli was called in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was the reincarnation of the prefect.

5. Pass the surname.

Also known as Qin Huang and Li Guang. From 4694 to 4664, he reigned, with the capital in Liangzhu Ancient City and the capital in South China (now Jiuyi Mountain in ningyuan county, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province). Tong's surname is the son of the prefect's family and the father of the Chao family.

6, there is a nest.

No, "super". Ranked first among the five families, China people. My ancestral home is in today's Chaohu Lake Basin; Establish the ancient nest country, the tribal leader of ancient China. He lived in Chaohu City, Anhui Province, and later moved to Shiloushan, Xing County, Shanxi Province. Some scholars believe that Youchao's birthplace is Cangwu and his capital is Wuyang, Henan. Some historians believe that Chao was born in Shandong, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Hunan and other places. According to the historical records of China, Youchao lived in the early Paleolithic period and created a nesting civilization. You Chao is known as "the ancestor of mankind" and "the leader of civilization" in China.

7. embarrassing people.

Also known as Emperor Yangdi, the capital was Suiming (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and later moved to Baoding, Hebei Province (now Nanzhuangtou Site, Baoding, Hebei Province). Suiren is the monarch of Suiming, the son of Youchao, the husband of Hua Xushi, and the father of Fu and Nuwa. From 4464 to 4354, Sui Ren was the first individual tribal leader (non-tribal alliance leader) in China. Emperor Yangdi Mausoleum is located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. This is the oldest imperial mausoleum in the history of China.

8. Hua Xushi. Its capital is now Hua Xu Town, Lantian County, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Hua Xushi is the wife of Sui Renshi and the mother of Fu and Nuwa. The reign period is unknown, which may be ruled by Emperor Yangdi. Fu Xishi succeeded Sui Ren to the throne. Hua Xu Mausoleum is located in Hua Xu Mountain, Shilai Town, xintai city.

9. Fu Xishi.

Also known as Huang Xi, Taihao and Di Qing. Its capital was Wenshang (now Wenshang County, Shandong Province), and later it moved to Wanqiu (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), where it reigned from 4354 to 4239. Fu is the son of Suirenshi and Hua Xushi, and the brother and husband of Nuwa. Grandfather of Emperor Yan Shennong. Sui Ren succeeded to the throne. Fuxi is the emperor. It is said that the Fuxi family of Taihao is also one of the five gods in ancient China mythology. Fuxi Mausoleum is located at 1.5km north of Huaiyang County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province.

10, nuwa.

Also known as Huang, he was in office from 4239 to 4 109. Nu Wa is the daughter of Sui Renshi and Hua Xushi, and Fu's sister and wife. Grandmother of Emperor Yan Shennong. After the restoration, he became emperor on his own and ruled the world together with Emperor Yan Zhu. Speaking of Nu Wa, that's the Imperial Family. Nuwa City and Nuwa Mausoleum are located in Xihua County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province.

Zhu 1 1.

Three generations of Zhu served as Emperor Yan, also known as Hou Fu. Nu Wa ruled the world and reigned from 4239 BC to 465438 BC+069 BC, with its capital in Zhu Yi (now Zhecheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Zhu Xiang also ruled the world. Wind and yang will not accumulate, everything will fall apart, but the fruit will not work. So Shida made a banjo, and since the evil wind, he has set a group. Zhu Xiang's family was finally destroyed by Shen Nong Jia. Yan Di Zhuxiangling is located in Dongdatun Township, Zhecheng County, Shangqiu City.

12, Shennong.

Nine generations of Shennong served as Yandi, also known as the agricultural emperor,,. Its capital is Fuxi Market (the same as Fuxi Capital). After moving the capital to Qufu City, Shandong Province and Luoyang City, Henan Province. Before 4 109—— In 3579, Emperor Yan Shennong was the grandson of Fu He's Nuwa, who passed it on to him after his death. Later, he defeated and occupied the territory of Yan Emperor Zhu Xiang, and unified China for the first time. Later, it was defeated by the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan and moved to Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province. There are many tombs of Shennong in Yan Di, among which Yandiling in Baoji, Shaanxi Province is the tomb of Shennong I in Yan Di, and Yandiling in Zhuzhou, Hunan Province is the tomb of Shennong VIII in Yan Di. It has been said that Shennong is the monarch of the world. Legend has it that Yandi Shennong is also one of the five gods in ancient China mythology.

13, there are bears.

Huangdi, also known as Xuanyuan. Dingdu Xiong (now Xinzheng, Henan Province) reigned from 2697 to 2395. In the battle of Zhuolu, he teamed up with his half-brother Yan Di to defeat Chiyou, the leader of Jiuli tribe, and then moved to Zhuolu (now Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province). Later, he defeated and seized the throne of Emperor Yan in the Battle of Hanquan, forcing him to surrender and retreat to the south. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan is the head of the five gods in ancient China mythology, and is known as the Xuanyuan family (the other four heavenly emperors are Fuxi in Tai Hao, Di Qing, Jintian in Shao Hao, Shennong in Yan Di, Chi Di and Levin in Zhuan Xu, Hei Di). The mausoleum is located in Zhuolu, Hebei Province, and its great-grandson Zhuan Xu was buried in Jingshan, Henan Province after defeating the Central Plains.

14, Qingyang No.1 Middle School.

Namely, also known as, and gold. He is the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor (another theory holds that Shao Hao is the son of the Seven Stars and the Fairy). After the Yellow Emperor succeeded to the throne, he established his capital in poor mulberry (now Sangwei Town, Shuyang County, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province) and later moved his capital to Qufu City, Shandong Province. From 2395 to 2322, the tomb was located in the northeast of Brewmaster Village, 4 kilometers east of Qufu. Bai Dijin is also one of the five gods in ancient China mythology. According to Sima Qian's Records of the Historian, in the Jin Dynasty, Bai Di did not reign. After Shao Hao's death, the throne was inherited by his nephew Levin, so Levin succeeded to the throne in poor mulberry, then moved to Shangqiu, and fought fiercely with Gong, a descendant of Emperor Yan. * * * Gong became angry from embarrassment because of the defeat, and tried his best to break the "Optimus Prime"-Buzhoushan (now Bijiashan, Jinzhou, Liaoning). This is the origin of the myth that "workers can't touch the mountains when they are angry."

15, from Levin.

Namely Zhuan Xu, also known as Hei Di and Xuan Di. He ruled from 2322 BC to 2245 BC. It built its capital in poor mulberry and then moved to Shangqiu. After defeating Gong, he made his capital in Diqiu (now Puyang) and moved the tomb of Huangdi Mausoleum from Zhuolu, Hebei Province to Jingshan, Henan Province. Zhuan Xu is the son of Changyi, the second son of the Yellow Emperor. Zhuan Xu Levin is also one of the five gods in ancient China mythology. The mausoleum is located in Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County, Anyang City, Henan Province.

16, Gao Xin's.

In other words, Di Ku was in power from 2245 to 2 176. Its capital is Yubo (now Shangqiu, Henan). Di Ku is Xiao Xuan's grandson and Levin's cousin in Zhuan Xu. The Emperor Emperor's Mausoleum is located in Gaoxin Town, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City.

17, Qingyang No.2 Middle School.

That is, in 2 176-2 168, Zhidi ascended the throne. Qinyang (now Qinyang City, Henan Province) is its capital, and the emperor is its eldest son. After he acceded to the throne, he gave way to his fourth brother, Tang Tao Houqi-Fang Xun (namely Emperor Yao Tang Tao). Mausoleum is located in Yanggu (now north of yanggu county, Liaocheng).

18, Taoxia.

Yao, formerly known as 2 168—— 1995, once served. Its capital was in Bei Tang (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) and later moved to Pingyang (now Linfen City, Shanxi Province). Emperor Yao is the fourth son and the fourth brother of Emperor Zhi. The wise emperor is not good at politics, and Zen is in him. In addition, legends such as controlling water and shooting the sun at Houyi also happened in Tao Tang period. The mausoleum is located in the ancient forest of Fuchun Township, Juancheng County, Heze City, Shandong Province.

Dani, 19.

Its capital was Danshui (now Xichuan County, Nanyang City, Henan Province) (formerly known as Danshui County, which was the fief of Tao Tang's eldest son Danzhu), and its reign was from 2067 to 2064. Dani is the eldest son of Emperor Yao. Before the death of Emperor Yao, due to corruption, Yao appointed the leader of Yu tribe as his successor. After the death of Emperor Yao, Yao Zhonghua kept filial piety for three years and gave the throne to Danzhu. Danzhu's political situation was not good, and he still worked in Yao Zhonghua three years later. The mausoleum is located in Danzhu Village, Xinzhuang Township, Fan County, Puyang City, Henan Province.

20. There are Yu's family.

That is, Shun reigned from 1995 to 2067 and from 2064 to 2025 respectively. Its capital is Puban (now Yongji), and Shun Di is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Known for filial piety, he is a famous 24-year-old filial hero-"Xiaogan moved to heaven". Inherit the throne of Tao Tang. There are two mausoleums: Shundi Mausoleum in Yuncheng, Shanxi and Shundi Mausoleum in Ningyuan, Hunan.

Xia Houshi, 2 1.

Xia Hou, Yu, that is, Dayu, first, then. Before 2025-before 2065438+05, he ascended the throne in Yangcheng (now Dengfeng City, Henan Province) and later moved to Yangzhai (Yuzhou City, Henan Province). Yu, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, is the son of Gun, a hero of water control. The founder of Xia Dynasty. The mausoleum is located in Dayu's tomb at the foot of Huiji Mountain in the southeast of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province.

22. Pangu.

Pangu is an epoch-making god in ancient legends of China. Before the creation of heaven and earth, the universe was as chaotic as a big egg. There was a giant named Pangu who slept in this "big egg" for about 18000 years and woke up. Pangu opened the world with his own divine power. His left eye turned into the sun and his right eye into the moon; Hair and beard become stars in the night sky; His body became four poles, east, west, north and south, and three majestic mountains and five mountains; Rivers of blood; Teeth, bones and bone marrow have all become underground mineral deposits; Skin and hair become vegetation on the earth; Sweat turned into rain and dew. After Pangu died, his soul became human. Therefore, man is the spirit of all things in the world.

23. The Yellow Emperor.

Xuanyuan Huangdi is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the ancestor of mankind and the leader of the ancient tribal alliance in China. Shaodian's son, surnamed Gongsun, has lived in Jishui for a long time. Because she changed her surname to Ji and lived in the hill of Xuanyuan (in the northwest of Xinzheng, Henan Province, which is controversial), she was named Xuanyuan. He was born with Xiong (now Xinzheng, Henan Province), started a business and founded the capital, so he is also called Xiong. Because of his virtue, he was named the Yellow Emperor. His great achievements in unifying the Chinese nation for the first time went down in history. He planted hundreds of plants and trees, vigorously developed production, started making clothes, built boats and cars, invented compasses, set up arithmetic, made music and created medicine. , and during this period he had words. Huangdi is the first of the five emperors and has four wives, including Lei Zu and Mo Mu.

24. Yan Di.

Shennong (or descendants of Shennong). According to legend, Emperor Yan surnamed Jiang was born in Lishan (now Lishan, Sui County, Hubei Province) and grew up in Jiang Shui. According to legend, he is a bull's head, which is now the Qiang people (descendants of the dragon). At first, this clan lived in the Jiang Shui Valley, which is now Qingjiang in Baoji City, and later entered the middle reaches of the Yellow River. According to legend, her mother's name is Deng and she traveled to Huayang one day. Surrounded by dragons, she became pregnant and gave birth to Emperor Yan. Legend has it that Emperor Yan had a bull's head with horns on his head. Emperor Yan was born in a stone room in a mountain and grew up in Jiang Shui. He was virtuous and respected by fire, so he was named Emperor Yan. Emperor Yan is few and wise. He can talk for three days, walk for five days and understand crops for three years. He has done many good things for the people in his life: teaching people to farm and making them well fed; In order to protect people from getting sick, he tasted all kinds of medicinal materials, so that he was poisoned 70 times a day. He also made musical instruments to make people understand etiquette, which was praised by later generations. According to historical records and other ancient books, Emperor Yan's surname is "Yi Jian" and his name is Stone Mill. My mother is Gillian's daughter named Nudeng, a young princess. Give birth to Emperor Yan. Than long, it is called' Jiang'. According to the "Outline" and other records: "Emperor Yan ruled the world with fire virtue instead of Fuxi, whose vulgarity is more important than the end, rich but not contending, obedient to the people but not ordering, strong but not killing, frugal but not annoying, so it is from the toes in the south, to the secluded capital in the north, to the intestines valley in the east and to the three dangers in the west." "Yue Jue Shu" said: "In the past, Shennong ruled the world, and it has benefited, so I don't want to report it; Not greedy for the wealth of the world, but the wealth of the world; Don't pretend to be smart, but the world respects it. "

25. turn to Xu.

Zhuan Xu was one of the five emperors in ancient times. The grandson of the Yellow Emperor, surnamed Ji. His father was the second son of the Yellow Emperor, and he was sealed in Ruoshui. He married the daughter of Shushan and gave birth to Zhuan Xu. Zhuan Xu has a deep personality and is resourceful. At the age of fifteen, he assisted Shao Hao, ruled Jiuli area, and was sealed in Gaoyang (now East of Qixian County, Henan Province), so he was also called Levin's. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xu proclaimed himself emperor because of virtue, at the age of twenty. As one of the five emperors, Levin is an emperor with civil power. During his reign, he founded Kyushu, which made China have a territorial boundary for the first time. Establish a ruling body, make a marriage, make a marriage, study the differences between men and women, and be orderly; Reform the calendar, set four seasons and twenty-four solar terms, and later generations respected him as "Li Zong".

26. Di Ku.

Di Ku, surnamed Ji, a famous gentleman, was born in Shangqiu, Henan Province. He was the third emperor among the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", that is, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. He inherited the Yan Huang of the previous dynasty and later enlightened Yao Shun, laying the foundation for China. He is the ancestor of the Chinese nation and the first male of the Shang clan. Grandfather Xuantao, the eldest son of Taizu Huangdi Empress Leizu, took his father's name and Huang Zhuan Xu as his uncle. Di Ku was born noble, intelligent and capable. At the age of fifteen, he was elected as an assistant by Emperor Zhuan Xu, who made meritorious deeds and was sealed in Xin (now Shangqiu Town). After the death of Emperor Zhuan Xu, he succeeded to the throne at the age of thirty. Di Ku, after dominating the world, took Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) as its capital and Ma De as its emperor, which was deeply loved by the people.

27. Emperor Yao.

Qi Yi, Fang Xun, Tang Yao. In 2377 BC, on the second day of the second lunar month, he was born in Yiqishan Mountain in the Tang Dynasty and spent his childhood in Du Qing with his mother. 15 years old, was named Tang Hou under the mountain closure in Tang County. At the age of 20, his brother Di Zhi was forced to give way to him and became the leader of the tribal alliance at the end of primitive society in China. After he ascended the throne, he restored his brother's loyalty to the Tang Dynasty as a Tang Hou, and built the first capital-Tang County in Fucheng. Later, due to the flood, it gradually moved its capital to Shanxi, with Pingyang as its capital. Tang Yao reigned for 70 years and abdicated to Shun at the age of 90. Around 2259 BC, Yao died at the age of 1 18.

28. Shun Di.

Shun, whose surname is Yao, was born in Yu Shun (now Puyang, Henan). Yao is a descendant of Huangdi and Shun. Shun, known as Yao, is the legendary holy king. Shun was named Zhong Hua, and Huangfu Mi in Jin Dynasty called him a gentleman. The country is in danger, Dupban. According to the custom of taking the country as the surname in the pre-Qin period, Yu was called Emperor Shun. Shun was born in Yao city, so his surname is Yao. According to legend, Shun's family background is very poor. Although he is a descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu, the fifth one is Shu Ren, who is in the lower class. Shun's experience is more unfortunate. His father Gu Sou was blind and his mother died young. After remarriage, the stepmother gave birth to a younger brother named Xiang. Shun lives in a family environment of "stubborn father, arrogant mother, arrogant elephant". His father had ulterior motives, his stepmother was duplicitous, his younger brother was unruly, and several people conspired to kill Shun. However, Shun is filial to his parents and friendly to his younger brother. Over the years, he has never slacked off. Shun fled in time when his family wanted to harm him; If you are a little better, go back to them immediately and help them as much as possible, so you can't kill them; Seeking and tasting (often) is so unfortunate and the environment is so bad, but Shun can show extraordinary moral character and handle family relations well, which is a unique aspect of his legendary story.

29. Titi.

One is Tai Hao, the other is Tai Hao, Fuxi and Feng. Legend has it that the leader of the ancient Chinese nation lived in Chen Di (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province) and was the * * * ancestor of Shennong and Xuanyuan Emperor. According to legend, he is a human-headed snake or a human-headed dragon. He may be a clan leader who takes snakes or dragons as totems. He lives in Chen Di, and should be the imaginary ancestor of clan tribes in Huaihe River Basin. Mother is Hua Xu. According to legend, Hua Xu saw the footprints of a giant in Leize (ancient place name) and stepped on it, so she got pregnant and was born in Ji Cheng (ancient place name). Titi observes the changes of everything in the world and creates gossip. He also invented writing, fixed the wedding ceremony, taught people the methods of animal husbandry, and made 15 stringed instrument. According to the five elements, after the death of the holy king, the five elements match, so Taiyi matches wood, Yan Di matches fire, Huangdi matches soil, Shaoti matches gold, and Zhuan Xu matches water. It is located in the east, like the bright sun, so it is called Teti. Ye Ming. The chaos of quality change, the text mi its teaching, so it is called mi sacrifice (mi, yin fu), also known as Fuxi. One hundred and ten years in power.

30 years old, Shao Yi.

Shao Hao is a Yin surname. In ancient times, his surname was because of his birthplace. According to Zheng Qiao's Preface to Tongzhi Genealogy: "He who lives on the bank of Yin wins", Shao Hao was born on the bank of Yin (wins) water. Mashui is one of the two tributaries that originated in the upper reaches of Wenhe River in Shandong Province. One is Mouwenhe, which originated from the original residence of the ancient Mouren and has the site of the ancient Moucheng; One is Wenyin River, which originated from the original residence of the ancient Yuan people and has the ruins of the ancient city of Yuan. He ascended the throne in a place called Qiongsang in northern Shandong, and then moved to Qufu, where he established the Oriental Bird Country-Shao Hao Country, a clan tribe with phoenix as its main totem. He named his officials after 24 kinds of birds, including five birds, five pigeons, five pheasants and nine tigers. For example, he took Xuanniao as Sima and was in charge of the military power. In order to wish the dove family Stuart and manage the civil affairs; Take the cuckoo (cuckoo) as the coexistence and take charge of the building; Take Shuang Jia as the commander in chief and take charge of the law; Take the stork pigeon as the housekeeper. For example, five kinds of pheasants are the official names of the five "workers" in charge of gold, wood, pottery, leather and dyeing, and are in charge of handicrafts. Nine tiger birds are the names of nine agricultural and industrial officials, who are in charge of agricultural cultivation and harvest. In addition, take Xuanniao as the teacher and take charge of the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox; Take shrike as the secretary to manage the summer solstice and winter solstice; Managing beginning of spring and Changxia with Jade Bird as the Starting Point; Early autumn and early winter are managed by Danniao Department. He set up a post as a bird, made an official a knight, performed his duties, and managed a state-style primitive tribe in an orderly manner, achieving "the people have no prostitution, the world is governed, and all the blessings are complete." Therefore, Ji Gu Daotong Biography says: "Huang San, then Shao Hao, is the crown of the five emperors". The theory of "Five Elements" was named as "Five Emperors" after it was established at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the word "Jin", as the head of the five elements that gave birth to all things in the world, marked its political virtue. According to legend, Shao Hao "ruled the world with Jinde", hence the name "Jintianshi".

The emperor means:

1, yellow. The emperor is as brilliant as the sun. Ren Huang is the most outstanding. Xi and Wa are both Huangren. Ren Huang said that the emperor was not an emperor. I have water virtue, but I am a dragon, I have fire virtue, and I am a phoenix. Therefore, the emperor is a combination of dragon and phoenix, which is extremely noble.

2. the emperor. Ding Sheng, Ren Huang's wife, had a son who said, "E, E marries decyl, and decyl+E equals emperor, which is the same as Emperor Wen Yue.". Ding, whose real name is Cheng, also calls himself the Prince of Wu. Cheng Tang was born in Rencheng, and he was invincible with eleven personalities.

3. Summer. The emperor's son, Jia, married himself, and himself+Jia = Xia.

4. yin The son of Xia called Geng and married his wife B, while B+Geng = Yin. Different from the early Shang Dynasty, the Yin Dynasty was established after Pan Geng moved the capital. In order to highlight his position, Pan Geng called himself Yin after moving to the capital.

5. business. Yin's son is called C. He married Xin, Xin+C = Shang. Shang dynasty was established earlier, and Sui people were established in Shangqiu, which belongs to the early Shang dynasty.