What are the customs of Hakka people in Meixian for the Spring Festival?

Hakkas have their charming customs. Most of the traditional customs preserved by Hakkas were brought by immigrants from the Central Plains in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the long-term historical development, Hakka people have merged and assimilated some indigenous minorities, and at the same time absorbed and integrated their customs into their own. They also absorbed their good customs and habits in their contacts with other ethnic groups in other regions. In addition, Hakka has a large population and a vast territory, forming a "different wind in ten miles and different customs in a hundred miles", so Hakka customs are particularly rich and varied in inheritance and variation.

Nevertheless, the basic connotation of Hakka custom is the same or similar, so it has considerable cohesion and unites Hakka people. Hakka customs reflect Hakka people's traditional habits, moral concepts, religious beliefs and other social life matters. Or offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, or narrating, entertaining and competing in festivals, or numerous taboos, costumes and productions ... Hakka people express their homesickness in customs, express their admiration for the great achievements of their ancestors in customs, express their admiration for national integrity in customs, and express their affection for rural party parties and relatives and friends in customs.

With the development of the times, Hakka customs are constantly evolving and developing. Some are still popular among the people, while others are popular in the past. There are also quite superstitious ones, but as a part of custom research, it still has its cultural and academic value, as long as the audience is familiar with it.

1.Hakka festivals and customs in the past 20 years

Hakka New Year greeting custom generally includes national traditional New Year greeting custom, worship of land gods and worship of miscellaneous gods. Through these folk customs, we can explore some sources of Hakka folk customs.

Major festivals at the age of:

1. Spring Festival travel rush: Spring Festival travel rush can be roughly divided into three stages: the preparation stage from entering the New Year to New Year's Eve; The first day to the fifth day of the year is the New Year stage; Chinese New Year

Lantern Festival is the afterglow stage. More distinctive activities include New Year's greetings, coal burning, steaming New Year's rice, eating New Year's wine, watching the New Year, opening doors, New Year's greetings, and recreational activities.

2. beginning of spring: It's spring. At this time, people usually prepare incense tables, burn incense and light candles, set off firecrackers and set off cannons, and put up red notes such as "Spring Festival" and "Spring Festival", which is called "Spring Festival".

Lantern Festival: The 15th day of the first month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. Eat, play and enjoy the Lantern Festival in solving riddles. Hakka folk towns and villages are decorated with all kinds of lanterns, which are very beautiful. Before the Lantern Festival in Tingzhou, the mother will send lotus lanterns to her married daughter who has no children. Lantern sounds like "Ding", which means "Send Ding, Add Ding". Lantern Festival is similar everywhere.

4. Stunned: There are two customs related to hygiene in Tingzhou. Stir-fry beans first, or cook taro in hot water. Second, sprinkle some lime on the feet of cabinets, tables, columns and walls. Both are to control pests.

5. Spring Society and Autumn Society: In rural areas, there has been a long-standing custom of offering sacrifices to land gods and valley gods on social days. Always meet God, "help the country" and pray for a good year.

6. Qingming Festival: The custom of sweeping graves in Hakka started at the vernal equinox and reached its climax, which lasted for about one month in Grain Rain. First the graves of the masses, then the graves of the families. After visiting the grave in the long summer, it is called "offering sacrifices to wild ghosts".

7. Dragon Boat Festival: Hakka people generally call it May Festival. A few days before the festival, glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves was made into zongzi, and relatives and friends gave gifts to each other. The main contents of the festival are eating zongzi, realgar wine, dragon boat racing, taking a bath with medicine and hanging peach branches at the door to ward off evil spirits.

8. Entering the Voldemort: Many people in urban and rural areas eat "immortal frozen".

9. Eat new: taste new rice. Generally, there will be a new eclipse at the end of the year after the slight summer heat. In rural areas, after newly cut rice is ground into rice, the rice is prepared for offering sacrifices to the grain gods and ancestors, and then everyone eats it together and tastes new wine together. Cities generally buy a small amount of new rice for cooking in old rice, plus newly listed vegetables. The offerings include bitter gourd, loofah and eggplant. It is said that bitter gourd bless everyone, silk family bless the whole family, old and young, eggplant bless his wife.

10 July 7th: Hakkas have legends of "begging for cleverness on Qixi" and "Cowherd and Weaving Girl", but there are few customs related to this. People have the activity of sitting outside and watching the astronomical phenomena at night. Some women have sororities. The custom of inviting a gentleman to dinner among the people in Tingzhou.

1 1. Mid-Autumn Festival: Ghost Festival. The Hakkas' Mid-Autumn Festival is on July 14th of the lunar calendar. Changting is commonly known as "July Festival" or "July 30th". Thirteen people eat meat and fifteen people are vegetarian. There are also some ancient customs, such as steaming cakes, collecting grandfathers and grandmothers, burning steamed buns and burning Ye Xiang. The primitive custom of climbing the knife ladder in Tingcheng. The superstition of Mid-Autumn Festival is strong, and the old customs are gradually weakening today.

12. Mid-Autumn Festival: commonly known as August Festival. Eating moon cakes and enjoying the moon are generally the same. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, there are several folk customs related to the moon, which are similar to witchcraft, such as "burying flowers, pecking at the moon, jumping poles and turning water bowls".

13. Double Ninth Festival: Hakka people call it "September Festival". Some mountain villages are also called "Dou Wei Festival", which is considered as the last important festival in a year. In rural areas, all kinds of cakes are generally fried to kill chickens and ducks. In cities, it is easier to add meals. It is a traditional custom to climb mountains and drink chrysanthemum wine.

14.1October 30th:1October15th. The Lunar New Year is also called the Winter Festival. In rural areas, we often make food such as Ciba, rice fruit, taro buns and tofu, which is called "finishing the winter". In some places, there is a custom of playing God-fearing plays.

15. Lunar New Year's Eve: On December 23rd of the lunar calendar, there is a saying that "the chef sends him to heaven". Honeydew melons are often used to offer sacrifices to stoves, in order to "sweet the mouth of the kitchen god in front of the jade emperor and perform more good deeds."

It is the main festival of Hakkas in a year.

Second, Hakka marriage customs and festive customs

Hakka marriage customs are deeply influenced by ancient fashion, and their main purpose is to carry on the family line. The marriage between men and women in Hakka pays attention to "being suitable for each other", and the formal marriage relationship in Hakka society is a kind of "marrying into a rich family", and the wind of uxorilocal is not prevalent.

Although there is inevitably a prejudice of preference for boys over girls in Hakka society, on the whole, the relationship between men and women is relatively equal. For example, Hakka women work as well as men at home. Therefore, women are equal to their brothers at home; When you get married,

Parents attach importance to their marriage, and their in-laws should also follow traditional etiquette and follow the rules.

Can marry a good wife. Hakkas' marriage styles are all in accordance with the ancient "Six Rites". With the changes of society, although there are changes, they are generally handled with reference to the old system. Six sacrificial ceremonies: "Farewell, setting a date, giving a bride price, offering a dowry, picking up the bride, seeing her off, paying homage, eating noodles and bowls of chicken". Similar to the ancient "Six Rites". In the wedding ceremony, there are still old customs such as disturbing the house and consummating the house.

On the third day after the bride's marriage, the bride's family hosted a banquet in honor of her daughter and son-in-law, which was called "inviting the three dynasties". On this day, my daughter can't stay at her parents' house, but must go back to her husband's house. In some rural areas, the bride's family invited some women and relatives to visit her daughter's house in a few days; Or the bride's family invites her daughter's house to make full moon wine (when she is married for a full moon). Men and women in-laws choose their own dates and hold banquets to invite each other, which is called "visiting" to strengthen the communication between the two in-laws.

Wedding reception for guests, commonly known as "wedding reception", is very grand, especially in the past. Among them, the woman's visit to the man's house is called "big guest"; The man will set off firecrackers in front of the door to welcome them, and can't hold a banquet until they arrive. The groom should hold the pot at the mother-in-law's first table and take turns pouring wine for her mother-in-law. The guests were seated according to seniority, age and family situation. The top left of the hall is the chief, the right is the second seat, the old man is at the top, the guests are at the bottom, and so on.

Other forms of marriage, such as holding a child bride, uxorilocal marriage, changing parents, changing parents, remarriage, etc. Some of them gradually become scarce and disappear.

Three. Hakka's customs of food, clothing, housing and transportation.

1, clothing

Hakka costumes are simple and practical, spacious and simple. Generally like to wear plain colors, especially blue, black and white. The texture is mostly coarse cloth, bleached blue satin, black clothing, and self-woven summer cloth to make accounts. Summer clothes are also made of summer cloth. In the Qing Dynasty, almost all men, women and children wore "side lapels", long sleeves, straight collars and buttons. Lapel inclines to the right from the neckline, and the inner lapel is bagged. Pants are "big crotch pants", wide and big, connected to the waist, four or five inches wide. The waist is not open, and the excess part is folded in front of the stomach and tied with a belt. Pant legs, also known as trouser legs, are about 0.3 meters wide. Women's clothes are rolled up at the collar, and lace is added at the front, cuffs and trouser legs. In the late Qing Dynasty, men in upper-class society wore robes and sometimes jackets when they went out or received visitors. The apron commonly worn by rural women "covers the abdomen", which can actually cover the chest and has a wide hem.

And on both sides, there are flowers embroidered on the top, and "neck chain", "waist chain" and "tooth tag" are added.

Waiting for silver ornaments. Girls wear braids and young women wear buns. In addition, women with small feet also wear embroidered shoes, which are Ropa's clothes. The peasant woman doesn't bind her feet, and the old woman is also Roper.

During the Republic of China, men's side skirts were gradually eliminated, and gowns and jackets increased. Later, the Chinese tunic suit appeared, which swept the intelligentsia. Workers often wear double-breasted jackets, commonly known as jackets. Women still keep the side skirts, only a few women who have read books change into cheongsam, blue skirt and black skirt, and the sleeves are obviously shortened to the palm of their hands. Men who have read books mostly change into western-style pants and use belts or suspenders, while women's pants have always been dominated by large crotch. In terms of shoes and socks, women in Qing Dynasty wore cloth shoes, which were made by housewives. Women's shoes are embroidered, with little feet and toes upturned, and the length is only 14- 15 cm. More barefoot in rainy days; Or clogs, which Changting called "shoes"; Or the cloth sole is thickened and coated with tung oil. Go out of town or go up the mountain to cut grass and firewood, and wear sandals. During the Republic of China, only a few people wore rubber shoes, rain boots and leather shoes imported from other places. A pair of rain boots is often used by the whole family Socks were sewn with cloth in the old days, and yarn-woven socks began to appear in the late Qing Dynasty.

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, men in the upper class wore hats and hats. Ordinary men wore cylindrical claw hats made of cotton thread, and later they wore hemispherical wool hats. Women seldom wear hats in cold weather.

Step 2 prescribe diet

Hakka people have three meals a day, mostly porridge in the morning and evening, and dry meals during the day (noon). Miscellaneous grains rural breakfast porridge. Changting called miscellaneous grains "coarse goods", which used to be "coarse goods for half a year" all the year round. When the harvest is not good, it is mainly miscellaneous grains, and sometimes it is necessary to eat sweet potato residue to satisfy hunger. Wheat has always been scarce, so noodles are only used for eating or entertaining guests during the New Year. Sometimes when the spring is barren, the freshly harvested wheat is ground into coarse powder and made into wheat soup, but it is rarely eaten like this after the 1950 s. In some villages in Changting, Shanghang and Wuping, there is a kind of Tibetan sweet potato, which is pickled with salt water and has a unique flavor.

Home cooking, dried pickles and radishes, with seasonal vegetables, amaranth, blood fern, Chinese cabbage, mustard, quinoa and fried rice are the most common. Every household can make some side dishes, such as raw pickles and raw radish seeds, which are crispy and delicious and full of local characteristics. There are also bean paste and bean curd, which are common dishes.

Besides cooking rice and porridge, rice can also be made into dry powder, bowl cakes and cage beds. Noodles are famous for their white, tender, soft, smooth and tough characteristics. There are also rice cakes made of glutinous rice and rice fruits made of rice, which are cake-shaped, round, frozen and fruity, with sweet, salty and alkaline tastes. Every household should prepare, worship God, treat guests and give gifts to relatives and friends on holidays. It is also a traditional food for Chinese New Year in rural areas.

Flavor snacks include meatballs, light cakes and so on. Meat food is the main course of the banquet, the most famous of which are large pieces of roast chicken and boiled chicken. Boiled pork and dry steamed pork are usually traditional dishes.

Changting's wine is famous for its pure and sweet taste, low degree and not easy to intoxicate, and is deeply loved by women and children. Nine niang is sweet and delicious with steamed eggs. Drinking tea in a bowl is mainly to quench thirst, and sometimes it is also used to cook soup. As the saying goes, "rough tea is light rice".

There is no preference for sweet and sour people in Tingzhou. Many people like to eat fried food, which is crisp and delicious. Cooking is salty and has a strong taste.

Step 3 be alive

The characteristics of Hakka folk houses are mostly hall, kitchen and cabinet. It is mainly a bungalow with civil structure, with upper hall and lower hall. The left and right horizontal houses are symmetrical, and there are patios in the front, back, left and right. There must be a shrine on the wall of the emperor in the center of the hall to worship his ancestors, and there are rooms between the halls. There is a ping in front, a garden in the back, four gates and a gatehouse. The rooms on both sides of the main hall are bedrooms. On weekdays, the main hall receives guests and offers sacrifices on New Year's Day. Transverse rooms are mostly used in kitchens, barns, farm tools, furniture and sundries. Bathing is mostly indoors, pigsty and toilet are outdoors. For all kinds of buildings, brick and wood structures are generally used in Chengguan, wooden frame and earth walls are mostly used in rural areas, and there are also many pure wood structures in remote mountain villages. In rural areas, there are huge buildings with "nine halls and eighteen wells" and "earth castles" built with high walls to prevent bandits. Most houses of She nationality are bamboo sheds. This housing format has been followed by 1000 years, and it is still very common in rural areas. It is convenient for families to live together, but it is convenient for brothers to separate. At first, the houses in the city were mainly bungalows with upper and lower halls or three or four halls, and all the houses in the city were ancestral halls. Later, some facades evolved into shops, and the arcade on Shuidong Street in Changting has the characteristics of a southern city.

According to China Folk Dictionary, the traditional Hakka dwellings in southwest Fujian and northern Guangdong and Guangxi are group quadrangles formed by the long-term living together of Hakka people. Most of them are civil structures, and the outer wall is a rammed earth load-bearing wall with a thickness of more than one meter, which is combined with the internal wooden frame, and a number of partition walls perpendicular to the outer wall are added. There are generally no windows under the outer wall, so it looks like a fortress. One is a big courtyard, which is round in front of the plane and consists of three parts: middle, left and right. Overlapping courtyards and uneven houses; One is flat square, rectangular or circular brick and earth buildings, the largest of which is more than 70 meters in diameter, and more than 300 rooms are nested with three-story circular houses. The outer ring house is four stories high, with the kitchen and utility room on the ground floor, food on the second floor and people living on the third floor. The houses on the other two rings are only one story high, and the central hall is built for ethnic discussions, weddings and funerals. Brothers split up and share equally in principle, but the eldest son stays in the kitchen. If there is a toilet, it belongs to Man Zi (the youngest son). As the saying goes, "the eldest son sits in the kitchen, and the whole son sits in the shit cellar."

Third, Hakka folk entertainment customs.

Hakka folk entertainment is very rich in content. The main festivals are yangko, dragon boat race, boating, dragon dance, lion dance, stilt teacher, greeting lanterns, riding lanterns, drumming, nine-ring dance, tea lantern, broadsword dance, Dacheng music dance, Taoist dance, musical instrument concert, performance, ten-fan music, marionette, fireworks show, and games to greet the gods. Usually there are folk songs, ditties, playing the piano, playing the guzheng, playing the erhu, playing the flute, playing chess, playing gobang, playing cards, throwing the first prize, playing mahjong, raising flowers and fishing. Such as the music of Tai Po Hakka "Zheng"

Features mark the ancient vowels of Zhongzhou and Hanshui, forming its own unique style.

Case, and there is a set of basic rules, which makes people think that Hakka music strives for progress and different customs.

Children play games such as shaking sheep, hide-and-seek, planting taro, planting wax gourd, kicking shuttlecock, skipping rope, throwing sandbags in China chess, checkers and so on.

Popular operas mainly include Beijing Opera, Qi Opera, Southern Chu Opera, Puppet Opera, Han Opera, Waijiang Opera and Drama. After 1949, Changting introduced traditional Chinese opera, Yue opera, tea-picking opera and Huangmei opera.

1, yangko. As the name implies, it is a song sung in labor such as transplanting rice seedlings. So it was originally in the form of singing, and later it appeared in the form of dance and drama. Now these three forms and yangko are widely popular all over the country. In some areas, flower drums, tea lanterns, dry boats, bamboo horses and other folk dance forms are generally called yangko. Others call the stilt yangko and ordinary yangko "Diyangko".

2. Lion dance. Lion dance is a bright pearl in the treasure house of Chinese folk dance. 1000 years ago, it has become one of the favorite dance forms of working people. Lion dance, which is popular in Tingzhou area, has two forms in performance: "Wen Lion" and "Wu Lion". In the first month of each year, lion dancers usually go door-to-door in cities and rural areas to celebrate the Spring Festival and perform. After the performance, householders usually give each other red envelopes as rewards. The performance of Wen Shi is delicate, soft and steady, focusing on depicting the gentle and lovely character of the lion. "Wushi" emphasizes martial arts and has superb skills, which mainly shows the lion's majesty, bravery and virility.

3. Dragon dance. Making dragons is a good opportunity to wish the New Year and contact relatives and friends. The dragon bodies made in Tingzhou are generally dyed cyan and yellow, which are called "Qinglong" and "Huanglong" respectively. When playing with the dragon lantern, some people set off fireworks and firecrackers. When it seems that sparks are everywhere, I saw the dragon rolling around in thousands of sparks, which is glittering, accompanied by loud drums and music, creating a warm festive atmosphere.

Dragon watching at Liancheng Gutian Lantern Festival is a traditional and largest mass entertainment activity for local farmers. It is held from 14 to 16 in the first month of each year. Each dragon lantern swims for a day and a night and then incinerates. On the Lantern Festival, the two surnames of Hua and Jiang in the village take turns to dress up as dragons, with at least 65,438+000 boards, which are called the main dragons. The dragon head and the dragon tail are matched with gods, gongs and drums and ten bands, which is unprecedented.

4, light dance. Lantern Festival activities mainly focus on jumping lanterns, which are called "playing with lanterns", "making lanterns", "making lanterns" or "lanterns". Changting's "Walking on Lantern" takes love as the main content, and a man and a woman or a man and a woman dance together. This dance has the characteristics of simplicity, lightness and humor. "Lantern Dance" performers are mostly children. The performer is in the middle of the lantern, hanging it on his shoulder with a rope. There were four or eight people waiting in line during the performance.

5. Step on the boat light. Generally speaking, the boat lanterns are performed during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival. Although the names of different places are different, the forms of expression are basically the same, such as "dry boat", "dry boat", "fishing boat", "lotus boat" and "flower boat lamp". Some areas in Fujian are also called "land boating", which are all in the same form as "dry boats", but the contents and shapes of the boats are different.

6. Nine rings. Also known as "overlord whip" and "playing lotus fragrance". Most of the performances are songs and dances, and the tunes are mostly local folk songs, and the content is mostly to express the feelings of men and women. There are two or three people singing at a small table, and there are group dances that walk in various formations and put on various pictures while playing; There are also dancers holding overlord whip, and there are also dancers holding props such as fans and bamboo boards. Deeply loved by young people and children.

7. Others: stilts, champion throwing, marionette, camellia lantern, broadsword dance, Dacheng music dance, Taoist dance, etc. I won't describe it in detail here.

V. Hakka funeral customs

Compared with other customs, the funeral custom is more solemn. Hakka people have done a lot of thoughtful things about this, even too much red tape. The funeral was generous, the ceremony was extravagant, the banquet was rich, the spirits were drunk, and the drums were used to send farewell. There are still old customs in some places.

When a patient dies, he will put on a pre-made "shroud", which is called "wearing shroud". There used to be a saying called "up and down", that is, wearing clothes.

60% off clothes and 40% off pants.

Hakka customs attach importance to death. Those who are away from home try their best to get home for the last time before they die. This is filial piety. When people die, they immediately burn sedan chairs and paper, and their families and children cry bitterly. It's for "death"

Mourning: The patient will die immediately after death. The dutiful son went out to grandma's uncle's house and relatives' uncle's house, and also sent out mourning at the door or near the intersection.

Small White Hall: White cloth is hung in front of the remains, incense tables are set up, memorial tablets or portraits are placed. Cry in the morning and evening, register gifts or "substitute candles" from relatives and friends, and hang curtains on both sides of the mourning hall in order.

Stiff neck: move the corpse, spread a piece of white cloth on the floor of the hall, put the corpse on it, cover the head with a new tile, put a cloth triangle pillow on the tile, and send people to wait day and night; Putting the body in the coffin at a fixed time is called "feeding". Every morning and evening, when relatives and friends come to pay their respects, widows will observe a moment of silence beside the coffin in the tent. In the evening, relatives and friends attend the mourning hall, commonly known as "accompanying the night".

Choose the appropriate mourning time, usually in the morning. In the old society, there was a "mourning" on the first day of the lunar new year, which lasted all night, and the drums were loud. Hold a memorial service before the funeral. Pay attention to ostentation and extravagance to show filial piety.

Bury: Put the coffin in the graveyard. The choice of cemetery pays attention to "Feng Shui". The appearance of the tomb is very similar to the dragon circle of Hakka people, which is a manifestation of Hakka people's worship of their ancestors. On the third day after burial, relatives put on mourning clothes, went to the grave to cry and worship, and burned paper money, which was called "Three Dynasties".

Zuoqi: After death, every July day, a memorial service will be held, commonly known as Zuoqi. Generally only do "five seven". Finally, a memorial service was held and the spirit room (paper room) was burned, which was called "Wanqi" to show the end of the funeral. Later, an anniversary ceremony was held, called opening filial piety; Once every three years, a sacrificial ceremony is held, which is called Kai Daxiao. When the big filial piety was held, the doors and halls were changed into red couplets, and everything returned to normal.

The custom of Hakkas is to dig the grave after being buried for several years (usually ten years), bake the remains with charcoal fire, bend the limbs according to the human body structure and put them in a special pottery urn, which is called "golden inspection", and then bury them again. This is a permanent and real grave.

For people who die abnormally, there are some special funeral customs, such as inviting monks and Taoists to chant Buddhist scriptures and turning over the dead.

Six, Hakka beliefs and taboos

In addition to traditional Buddhism and Taoism, Hakka religious beliefs also include Christianity and Catholicism introduced from the West. In addition, Hakkas worship their ancestors and believe in ghosts and gods. Most of them believe in Buddhism.

1, Buddhism

Buddhism was introduced into Changting by Master Hui Kuan in the fourth year of Tiancheng in the Southern Tang Dynasty (929). In the second year of Song Gande (964), another Master Ding Guang came to Changting to preach.

Teaching.

In folklore, the above two divisions, Weimin, expelled thieves and bandits to protect the city and clear the way; Pray for rain and drought for farmers; In order to protect people's lives and eliminate tiger harm, people call Hui Kuan "the Lord who can help tigers".

2. Taoism

The popularity of Taoism in Hakka areas goes hand in hand with Buddhism. In the past, when medicine was naive and the plague was rampant, Taoist priests built altars to pray for the plague. People prayed for smallpox when flowers were in fashion. The plague smallpox has disappeared for thousands of years, but in rural areas, there are still widespread customs of resisting Enron, praying for blessings, setting up symbols, digging, installing a fetus, exorcising evil spirits, and treating people with water.

3. Catholicism

During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1653), Italian priest Giulio Aleni went to the old ancient well in Changting to preach.

4. Christianity

In the spring of the 18th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1892), Zhou Zhide and Chen Qiuqing from Hui 'an gave lectures in Changting.

5. Folk sacrifices to God.

In Hakka temples, there are often many believers besides the main believers. God is also enshrined in it, which fully shows the essence of Chinese folk beliefs-polytheism and idolatry, and most of them belong to soul worship. Hakka folk land gods and land gods mainly believe in Mazu, King Sanshan and Lord Yimin. People who believe in gods in Changting are not necessarily believers. Some people worship everyone, regardless of religion. Immortals and Buddhists are very common in Changting. Mainly, mainly, God of Wealth, Yan, Jade Emperor, Wenquxing (Kuixing), True King Bodhisattva, Door God, Kitchen God, Grains Emperor, Sakyamuni Buddha, Buddhist Buddha and other bodhisattvas.

Step 6 meet god

In the old society, Hakka urban and rural competitions to meet the gods were very popular, which lasted for twelve months a year. On the fifteenth day of every month, kind men and women burn incense, light candles and set off firecrackers at home or in temples to show their respect. Every year on February 19, June 19 and September 19, women in urban and rural areas take incense sticks, noodles and cakes to temples around the country to "do things" to commemorate the birth, enlightenment and nirvana of Guanyin Bodhisattva. During the Games, every household is full of relatives and friends, and every household should provide accommodation. Some people enjoy it, preferring to scrimp and save food on weekdays, in order to pray for a bumper harvest and the safety of people and animals.

7. Other beliefs and taboos

Hakkas also have faith in heaven, earth, sun and moon, thunder and lightning, time and orientation. They also have different beliefs about animals, plants and utensils, such as snakes, swallows, Cao Meng, brooms and lamps. Some behaviors of people, such as kicking toes, changing teeth, jumping eyelids, dreaming, etc. , also have their own explanation. In the aspect of divination witchcraft, the folk retain the custom of treating diseases with witchcraft. Such as catching four eyes, shocking the world, painting symbols, asking for heaven and burying flowers.