Description of Scenery in The Book of Songs

Scenery description is an important manifestation of literary works. Good scenery description can truly show readers a rich picture of life, better contrast the characters' personality characteristics and deepen the theme. The Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in China, has a history of 2000-3000 years, but some of them have successfully used scenery descriptions, which not only truly described the scenery and customs at that time, but also presented colorful life to readers, and pointed out the time and place, vividly showing the changes of things and thoughts and feelings. All these are helpful to create an elegant, rich, implicit and profound artistic conception and give readers beautiful artistic enjoyment. In the artistic enjoyment of beauty, it is natural to covet the profound connotation of poetry and receive endless effects.

1. The description of scenery in The Book of Songs sets off the thoughts and feelings of the characters.

The description of scenery in literary works is to set off the thoughts and feelings of characters. People with different thoughts and feelings will have different feelings about the same scenery. Wang Guowei said in "Ci on Earth": "Those who can describe the scenery and true feelings are called the realm, otherwise they are called the realm." That is to say. The realm is the close combination of true scenery and true feelings. Therefore, a good literary work closely follows the thoughts and feelings of the characters to describe the scenery properly, so that feelings and scenery can be closely combined to achieve a harmonious state, create a rich atmosphere, better contrast and render the characters, better infect readers and express the theme. For example, the poem "Feng Wei speaks about people" praises Wei Zhuanggong's wife Zhuang Jiang. Because the praise of the whole Book of Songs is the keynote, the scenery described should be fresh and lively, giving people a happy and beautiful feeling. The last chapter of this poem is described as follows:

The river is rich, and the living water in the north runs. Wei Shi, the tuna is ripe. Uncover Ordinary ginger is guilty, and so are ordinary people. Here, four words are used to describe the magnificent scenery of the endless Yellow River, so as to set off the magnificent style of Zhuang Jiang when she got married. "Stone, tuna. Jiejie "is the scenery that Zhuang Jiang saw along the way, and it is a lively and cheerful scene, which forms a real and vivid contrast with Zhuang Jiang's happy mood when he got married. The above description of the scenery also sets off Zhuang Jiang's beauty, noble life experience and huge, tall and strong married team, giving people subtle and beautiful artistic enjoyment.

Another example is Meng Zhong's diligent and kind heroine, who was abandoned and passed the water. There are two descriptions of the scenery: "seven waters and soup, gradually riding a car." It is a very unfortunate and painful thing for the heroine to be abandoned. On the way, she met the mighty and surging Qi Shui, and the water splashed around her car, as if Qi Shui had deliberately adopted a tyrannical attitude towards her unfortunate woman. This melts the heroine's sadness into the scene-heartless water, which in turn effectively sets off her sad mood of suffering misfortune, giving people a feeling of sadness.

Both of the above situations involve the description of water features, because the protagonists in the two poems have different moods and different feelings about water; The scenery description about water is the same, because it sets off two people with different moods, so the thoughts and feelings reflected in the scenery description are different. Let's look at the poem "Mr. Feng Wang is in service". In the first chapter of the poem, there are three wonderful and moving scenery descriptions: "Chickens are born in the hustle and bustle, and the day has passed, and cattle and sheep are born." (The next chapter is similar. The gentleman in service expressed the thoughts and feelings of the wife of an active soldier to her husband. These three sentences describe the scenery, from the scenes of habitat, sunset and the return of cattle and sheep, which set off the feelings of missing his wife. "It's evening" means that the sun sets and night falls, so it's time for pedestrians to reunite with their families. If Angelica doesn't come back, it will disappoint the hope of thinking about women and caring about people, so we have to think deeply about women's feelings. On the other hand, the "dusk has passed" scenery, in the eyes of thoughtful thinking women, is that dusk has arrived, surrounded by foggy scenery, which increases the pain of leisurely thinking and naturally increases the feelings of thinking women. From the words "chickens live in the nest" and "cattle and sheep come down", it is vividly and truly described that Sifu saw the sun set, and flocks of chickens, sheep and cows came back, went to the nest and entered the circle, each with a home, while her husband was even worse than livestock, far away from home, unable to return. These descriptions of scenery, through the rendering of the sad environment and atmosphere of Si Nv, can easily arouse the association of Si Nv, that is, feelings are born in the scenery, so they sigh that "a gentleman is in service, why not think about it", and achieve the situation of blending things with me, thus effectively setting off Si Nv's thoughts and concerns about her husband.

The above examples are all from the poem "Wind", and even the poem "Ode", which is good at fu, has many good examples of scenery description. For example, there are some words in Zhou Song Gui Liang:

Shake the sickle to harvest the sound and lay down the high millet pile. Its worship is like a hill, and its opening is like a comb. One hundred rooms are full, especially women and children. "liangzhi" is a musical song in which Zhou Wang thanked the national god after the autumn harvest. The poet describes the scenery with a feeling of harvest and joy, so the whole poem is full of praise. "Baba Baba" is the sound of harvesting crops, just like the sickle ringing today, showing a happy harvest scene; "Chestnut" describes the number of harvests in order to make the harvest more concrete and intuitive. "Like a mound, but also like a comb" is an exaggeration of the author with joy, further describing the specific scene of bumper harvest. "One hundred rooms are full" and "one hundred rooms" are also exaggerated expressions here, meaning that all the warehouses are full. As the saying goes, "Don't panic if you have food in your hand." Therefore, "all women and children are suitable", the harvest is good, the grain is Man Cang, and the wife and children are naturally happy. The above description of the harvest scene vividly and naturally expresses the poet's happy mood after the harvest.

Secondly, the description of scenery in The Book of Songs can express time and its changes implicitly and vividly, and better express the theme of the poem.

In poetry, sometimes according to the needs of expression, the change of time is highlighted. Sometimes, the change of time is not directly expressed, but secretly expressed through the description of the scenery, thus creating a moving and vivid artistic conception, making poetry more subtle and vivid, humorous and elegant, and more poetic. For example, every chapter of Thousand Peaks in July has descriptions of farming and festivals, such as "July is full of fire, September is given clothes", "Spring is sunny, Cang Geng sings", "July sings, August sings", "April show, May sings". Harvest in August, fall in October ",and so on. These scenes depict elegant images, showing that with the change of time, serfs engaged in different jobs all the year round, thus reflecting the hardships and burdens of their labor. In particular, the scenery description in the fifth chapter of the poem is unique and wonderful. For the convenience of analysis, this chapter is reproduced as follows:

In May, geese move, and in June, pheasants vibrate. I was outdoors in July, at home in August and September, and crickets came under my bed in October. The dome suffocated the mice and stuffed them into every house. Hey, my wife, she said she wanted to change her age and entered this room.

"The stock market moves in May, and the pheasant vibrates in June" is followed by the chapter "April Show". Poets use general phenology to express the passage of time. But the poet wrote the movements of Sifu and Shaji, two small insects, very delicately, vividly and beautifully. From their proud actions of "moving stocks" and "shaking feathers", we know that this is the most active summer for insects. July Field is about crickets. Cricket first moves in the field, then enters the eaves, then enters the house, enters the bed, and moves from far and near to the place where Cricket moves, secretly pointing out that the climate is getting cold. There is no one word to express the cold in autumn and winter. These four sentences vividly and poetically describe the changes of seasons and the cold weather, giving people a sense of seeing and being there. At the same time, it is natural and logical for serfs to live a simple and accurate winter.

In the poem "Zhao Nan Zhuomeiyou", the beginning of each chapter is described by the scenery of falling plums, which shows that with the passage of time and the disappearance of youth, women's desire for courtship is becoming more and more urgent. The whole poem goes like this:

Plums fall to the ground, leaving 70% of the trees. Please don't delay my young people's good day.

Plums fell to the ground with only three branches. I have a heart to ask my young man not to wait any longer today.

Plums fall to the ground, dustpan will dustpan. My child, please don't hesitate to ask me.

This is a poem that a woman who has passed the wedding day wants a man to appear in court in time. The first sentence and the second sentence of each chapter in the poem describe that more and more plum fruits fall with the passage of time, which vividly compares the degree of female youth disappearing. The first chapter is plum blossom on the tree, which means that the woman is in the prime of her life, and the man who wants to propose is "lucky" and wants to come and propose at once on an auspicious day. The second chapter is that there are not many plums on the tree, and most of them have fallen behind. It is a metaphor that most of youth is gone, and the good times are not long. Of course, the requirement of courtship is very urgent, and the auspicious day of the ecliptic has not been chosen, so the man who proposed marriage is "anxious to marry him", hoping to propose soon. The third chapter is that the plums on the tree are all gone, and the plums on the ground need to be bagged. It is the time when a woman's face declines, her youth ends and her courtship mood is the most urgent. Therefore, she sincerely hopes that a man will "keep his word", and as long as he says a sweet word to her, she can settle for life. The first two sentences of each chapter of this poem skillfully use the scenery description of falling plums, showing women's increasingly urgent mood for marriage with the passage of time and the growth of age. By describing the scenery and using vivid metaphors, this poem turns the abstract and withered time change into something that can be seen and touched, which makes the expression of women's feelings more sincere and touching and increases the lyrical meaning of the poem.

Third, some scenery descriptions in the Book of Songs are figurative techniques, which can render the atmosphere and cause the following.

When metaphors are used in The Book of Songs, they are often written from the surrounding natural scenery, which arouses the poet's feelings. Therefore, metaphor can render the atmosphere with the help of scenery description, cause the following and better express the poet's thoughts and feelings. For example, there are two descriptions of the scenery in Dongshan in the Wind: "Flying flies in mulberry fields." This is the natural scenery that soldiers who came back from the battlefield saw in the cold night of autumn rain, which has the function of comparison and rejuvenation here. The poet's description of flies curled up in mulberry leaves is in sharp contrast with the next two sentences about soldiers' "escape, stay alone and get under the car" on their way home. It is easy for soldiers to be moved by the scene, forming a sad atmosphere and feeling infinite bitterness and sadness.

In the Book of Songs, a large number of metaphors are used at the beginning of each chapter. For example, Nan Zhou Yao Tao:

Peach blossoms are in full bloom, colorful and fiery red. The girl is going to get married and be happy at her husband's house.

Peach blossoms are in full bloom and there are countless fruits. The girl is going to get married, and the heir who gave birth early is going to make a fortune.

Peach blossoms are in full bloom, and green leaves are lush and never fall. The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony.

The beginning of each chapter of this poem is Bi Xing, which is also a very beautiful description of the scenery. The first chapter is to use fiery red peach blossoms to bloom brightly and thickly, which is a metaphor for the beauty and radiance of married women; The second chapter is the metaphor of having children after marriage; The third chapter compares the health of married women with the lush leaves of peach trees. These beautiful and vivid descriptions of scenery create a relaxed, pleasant, fresh and beautiful warm atmosphere, which shows the poet's good wishes for marrying and having children.

Qin Bamboo Slips is also a good poem that describes the scenery by metaphor. The first chapter of this poem goes like this:

The Millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water

In the first two sentences, the poet began with a thick frost and snow covered with white velvet, and described a clear autumn scene with heavy frost and withered grass. In this kind of scenery that easily arouses the poet's feelings, the poet was fascinated by his lover. Where is she? At present, there is a bend of autumn water. She is "on the water side" and "in the middle of the water", looming and vague, which makes the poet dazzled and trance, as if the right person is in front of me, and I can't reach her. The description of the scenery in "The White Dew is Frost" vividly outlines a cold autumn scene by using the method of contrast, and renders the infatuation and emptiness of people who pursue the right.