Literature and Art in Lengshui Town

Lengshui Town is a ethnic town where Tujia and Han people live together, and its culture and art are quite rich. Tujia nationality accounts for 73.9% of the minority population in this town, so Tujia nationality has quite strong characteristics. 1, a traditional festival

Besides the national statutory festivals such as March 8th, May 1st, Teachers' Day and National Day, Lengshui also pays more attention to Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Duanyang Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival.

(1) Spring Festival:

Also known as China New Year. During the Cold Water Spring Festival, past projects included: offering sacrifices to the kitchen god on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. According to legend, the kitchen god is known as "the Lord of human life, and there is a god in the sky". Having a family reunion dinner at noon on December 30, no matter how many people sit in one seat, it means no separation. Food is particularly rich, which means that it is more than enough every year. Afternoon will be a good match to set off the scene of the New Year. Legend has it that the "door-keeper" can ward off evil spirits. Some people who don't believe in superstition wrote "Why should there be a god on the door if you have a clear conscience" instead of the door-keeper. On that night's "New Year's Eve", everyone burned a big fire, symbolizing that a big fat pig could be killed in the coming year. Setting off firecrackers at midnight (zero) is luckier than the sound of guns. The next day, the Spring Festival began, and there were gongs, drums and firecrackers everywhere. It was fun to visit relatives and friends. The ninth day of the first month is "Shangjiu" (also called Zhengtianxing). Recreational activities have begun in the countryside, and playing with lions can last for several days. The "Yuanxiao" on the fifteenth day of the first month is also called Shangyuan. According to traditional customs, every household is brightly lit upstairs and downstairs, and the Spring Festival is over.

(2) Tomb-Sweeping Day:

Hanging graves on ancestral graves in rural areas is a family holiday. Originally, it was to commemorate the death of meson tui in Mianshan fire. People don't use fire, so it is called "Cold Food Festival", and it is gradually used as farming time.

(3) Duanyang Festival:

Dragon Boat Festival. Every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, cattails are hung in every household. Eat realgar wine. On the Cold Water Festival, newlyweds and unmarried lovers must go to the woman's house for this festival and wear straw hats before they can go home.

(4) Mid-Autumn Festival:

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the main food is moon cakes. People with cold water like to eat Ciba. In the evening, they drink and enjoy the moon until late at night, in order to celebrate the harvest. It is said that Tianmen will open in autumn night, and people can predict good or bad by watching weddings, funerals and weddings, but no one has ever seen Tianmen open.

(5) Double Ninth Festival:

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is called the Double Ninth Festival. It is said that climbing mountains in September of the lunar calendar is an escape from reality, but it has always been regarded as "auspicious day of the ecliptic" in rural areas, and this day is often regarded as a wedding day.

Step 2 celebrate

There are several ways to celebrate:

(1) Birthday:

At home, every birthday, cook the meat prepares wine, and the closest relatives and the family get together for life. Generally, from the age of forty, every ten years old, birthday parties are held, and friends and relatives give gifts to congratulate them, while rich and powerful people hold big banquets, treat people to give gifts and celebrate their birthdays, which is very extravagant.

(2) Fight three dynasties

In the old society, when the first child was born after marriage, it was necessary to hold the wine of the Three Dynasties or the wine of the Moon, eat the difference, eat red eggs, send rice and send rice. After giving birth to the child, the son-in-law brought gifts (a rooster for the man and a hen for the woman) to the Yue family to report the good news. Yue's family distributed red eggs to invite relatives, and agreed on a date to give food and children gifts to "send meals" to her husband's family. Wealthy families also hold "full moon wine". So far, the custom of "delivering meals" has not changed, and the style of giving gifts and banquets is better than that of the old society, and it is becoming more and more luxurious.

In addition, there are customs to celebrate the completion of new houses, housewarming and the opening of shops. Relatives and friends went to offer couplets, calligraphy and painting, and set off firecrackers to congratulate. Big banquet guests are very common. Joining the army and being admitted to the university also began to send gifts to congratulate. 1, folk musical instruments and songs and dances

(1) Folk musical instruments in cold water area: flute, flute, erhu, piper, gongs and drums, Hu Da, etc. Each has a certain "introduction" (music score). There are harmonica, electronic organ, accordion and so on.

(2) Folk dances: there are lions, dragon lanterns, three-legged snakes, bench dragons, floats, headlights and money. Now yangko, solo dance, duet, group dance, swing dance and stick dance are added, which is a popular traditional lion dance.

(3) Folk songs: there are folk songs, love songs and rock songs. And their singing methods are solo, two-person rotation and multi-person chorus. One person leads the singing and many people help each other. There are more solos, such as the shepherd boy singing more, such as the folk song "Duimenwa!" sung by the shepherd boy about his partner. Sit in the last row! I asked you to get dry wood. Pick up dry wood. What? Make a fire. Hey! He sings to keep warm. "Young people in love sing a minor to express their feelings. For example, "when there is a palm tree in the garden, the palm tree looks empty." My mother asked her daughter what to read, and I read a few palms. It's not because I'm changing fast that my mother looks at my' husband' (lover) suspiciously. The folk songs of farmers who work in the fields are often sung by one person, and many people help them. For example, the lead singer "The sun comes out to bask in Grand White Rock, and my love sister comes out to bask in flower shoes. "Twelve pairs of flower shoes are dry, one of which is straw sandals, with eighteen cents" (one person answers) "Say hello again!" Chorus: My Love Song Wearing Sandals. The two sang a rock song, such as: "What comes out from above? What comes out in the middle of the waist? What, come out and pull? What comes out and knocks? " Answer: "Sorghum seeds are tall and tall, corn seeds are in the middle of the waist, beans are pulled back by roots, and sesame seeds are pulled back to knock."

(4) Folk art activities

During the Spring Festival, people set off firecrackers, play with dragon lanterns, take boats, light lamps, dance lions and beat drums to celebrate the Spring Festival. In February of the lunar calendar, they played "three-legged snake" (dragon lantern type) with only head, body and tail. There are also people who play Wolong. A dragon was mounted on a bench and performed by three people. When playing, people scramble to splash water, which is said to avoid drought. When getting married in the countryside, two big gongs are played in front, which means escorting the way, playing suona and playing with lions. Playing suona, playing with lions and setting off shelf guns are also popular among the elderly. In Shuangping Group of Ba Long Village, the sonorous and elegant festive gongs and drums can be heard every Spring Festival. It is a unique entertainment program of the family gongs and drums team with Xu Shoujia, Xu Shoubo, Xu Xianming and Xu Xianlin as the main actors. Its superb gongs and drums skills have attracted many local gongs and drums lovers and are well-known in rural areas.

2. Local dialects:

Lengshui dialect has many dialects and is also very complicated.

Father: Dad (read' De'), Grandpa (read' Yi'), my Lord. Mother: tits. Grandparents: Dad (Xuediya or Jia) and Grandma. Great-grandparents: Zuzu. The husband calls his wife: the head of the family, a suitable guest within the family. The wife calls her husband: There is a man outside, and the dead wife is crying for her brother. Child bride: Han Gang's wife. Grandparents: Every family (reading gaga). Grandparents: uncle, uncle's mother, grandfather (reading stove), grandfather's mother. Aunt: Lao Zi and Da Da. Brother-in-law: a public guest. Maiden: maiden, maid-in-waiting, female general. Adopted son and daughter: godson and goddaughter. Adoptive parents: Bao Ye, Bao Niang, Gan Lao and Gan Niang. Married women: wives, such as old ladies, proprietors, owners and tenants. Powerful people: big dump, slaughter. Rich people: rich people, gentlemen, delicious food. Poor people: Fuck people, fuck ducks. Irony: potatoes, hats. Lifu: The back foot. Drowner: water bat, water bat head. Hanged man: hanging penis. Troublemaker: the sky shakes and the earth shakes. Employer: Qiu Er. Big talker: Japanese White King, General Qian Tian. Incompetent people: carrying pole, straw and gunpowder. Useless person: Lai Shi monkey. Bandits: Bunk, Bunge. Cat: Mamers, Mel. Tiger: Big cat. Bat: Cricket: Cooked chicken. Cockroach: Chef. Dragonfly: Yangyang's nails. Centipede: Leigong worm. Locust: Grabbing grass. Frog: pockmarked Luo. Bitch and male dog: grass dog and tooth dog. Pinellia ternata: Three-step jump. Spinach: Pull a vegetable. Sweet potato: carrot, sweet potato. Corn: corn, grain. Potatoes: potatoes. Pine tree: fir tree. Gourd: Dangdang. Quilt: Bedclothes. Umbrella: Take the flowers. Chamber pot: Night Duck. Dormitory: room circle, lounge, whole house. Curtains: documents. Rations: paid. Pig head: Pig head bone. Pig mouth: rinse your mouth. Dinner: midnight snack. Liquor: burn the second child. Chowder: soup pot. Spoon: scoop soup. Steamed pork with flour: buckle bowl. Boiled white: pickled vegetables and meat. Eating meat: toothache. Toilet: Mao Si. Malaria: Swing. Here and there: this part and that part. What: what, what. Sleep: sleepy. Think: Silence. Bullying: the horse may live if it falls. Squat: Stand alone. Flattery: licking fat. Hot: Lai. Stop: short enough to get up. Miss: I owe you. Guard: According to. Clean up: kill the sticker. Service: Jing You. Thank you: it's unbearable. Teaching: Gao Xin. Infection: too much. O: O. Wipe: branches. Guy: Yeah. Procrastination: suffer. Bend over: hook. Exercise: arch of foot. Bow your head: peck up. Food choice: crooked. Clever: exquisite, elf. Cunning: rape. Dissatisfaction: thick-hearted. Error: disqualification. Deliberately: picky. Cheap: live. Spoiled: used to it. Almost: almost, hang up haha. Danger: hang yourself. Pity: guilty conscience. Fierce: Destroy the home. Enjoy: play. Snatching food: hungry and rude. Make things difficult: bend the bolt. Quick: hemp slip. Simple: take off. Begging refused: the recipient, slapped. Hard work: hard to touch the stone mountain. What the wicked get is what they see. Disharmonious joke: boring. No: take care of half a bowl of wild barley. Hunting: Drive away from combat. Do something wrong: be stupid. Hit someone secretly: when it's dark. Defense: Hold a cruel arm tightly. Despair: I am a lazy man. Don't believe anything: swear, ask someone to say hello. Sufferer: Shua, buckle the bowl. Marry a man: over the foreman. Give me something to eat: even, Doby pot. No place to sleep at night: playing Liangshan gongs and drums, nailing, hanging up the phone. Marriage and adultery with the same surname: carrying a spatula on the same side and wearing straw sandals. Escape quietly: dew. Bare to the waist: Dora Dong. Naked: polish your crotch and hold up lanterns. Disputes: separation, wrangling. Bad luck: go back in time. Free food: eat a beard and have a good fortune. Mean: a small family of eight is insatiable. No reason: partial knocking. Hypocrisy: a false excuse. Do things seriously: do one thing right and do two things right. Faint: Yin dies and Yang sets. Disdressed: dragging clothes and falling silk. Procrastination: holding piller back. Just kidding: draw a jar and light it. Use a joke: make a fool of yourself. Swearing: wear a handle. Gambling: floating. Finger kowtow: knock and turn. Criticism: swearing, numbness, shaving. Show your back: poke your back. Stiff: antique. Wait a minute: wait, wait. Start: head, posture. Ending: brake fruit. Later: two days. Dawn: Ma Ma is bright. Night: black. Labor: as a way out. Completion: ranked first. All: zero. When a man marries a woman: come to the door. Mourning for the dead: sitting at night. The woman gets married: confession.

3. Folk proverbs:

On the first sunny day in February, the leaves spread out in two layers. In the long summer, plows and rakes hang high. Thunder strikes autumn, half harvest. I closed my eyes for 48 days before the thunder. There is no rain in early winter, and winter is very dry. Sanjiu is neither cold nor hot, neither cold nor hot, and the whole grain is not picked. Make shoes and raise children. Clouds walk along the river and break its skull. Clouds walk along Wang Jiaying Road and become dusty. It's sunny on rainy days, but it's not sunny on the top of the mountain. A rainbow and a red east, a sunset tee; A rainbow is red in the west, and the trunk is broken downstream. Dawn in the morning, waiting for water to make tea. Don't go out at dawn, but go to Wan Li Road at sunset. It glows at night and is dry. There is rain when there is wind, and the rain is not fierce. People are sick and it's raining. On May 23rd, we will do big things, small things and small things, and we will not quit. The chickens and ducks are caged early tonight, and the sun will be red tomorrow. It was dark and bright, and it rained cats and dogs. The mountains are foggy and rainy, and the rivers are foggy and sunny. Ten fogs and nine sunny days. On September 9, we will guard the door of the stove. In two spring and one winter, ten cowsheds are nine empty. 1929, I stepped into my arms. In 3949, I froze my old dog to death. In 5969, I watched the willows along the river. In 7963, I was a pedestrian in take off your coat. In 998 1 year, farmers plowed the fields. Chongyang sees thirteen rainy days, thirteen rainy days and dry winters. Spring is cold and rainy, and summer is cold and sunny. People don't know spring, plants know spring. In the first month, frogs croaked and the rice fields were complete. If you don't work in spring, Qiu Lai will accomplish nothing. Tung is gray and corn can't wait to go uphill. It is sprouting, and the vernal equinox has not been planted. Small seedlings rush to full valley and autumn, and Bao Gu rushes to Liv. The remaining seedlings are like grass, and the poor seedlings are like treasures. The awn seed is busy sowing, and the summer solstice valley breeds three species, seven of which are in charge. People coax their bellies. Plow deeply, rake badly, and dry fields are not afraid of drought. Water yields no crops, but fat yields more. One year to miss spring, ten years to fail. A flower in a crop depends entirely on fertilizer. Be diligent, there are fat sources everywhere. Head integration radish, two volts buckwheat. Onions in July, garlic in August. Get some buckwheat in summer, and see the seedlings in a thousand years. White dew, cold dew full of yellow fields, cold dew first frost, peas and beans on the slope. Plow a bowl of oil in August, half a bowl of oil in September, and bare bones in October. August peas, September Hu. October is short and sunny. Farming without digging ditches is like a robber stealing. If you see nothing in the field, there are hundreds of millet. Walking in the fields in the morning and evening, there will be several buckets of millet. A year without spring, a day without morning. A year's plan lies in spring, and a day's plan lies in morning. A family's plan lies in harmony, and a family's plan lies in diligence. Time is money. Lost money is easy to get, lost time is nowhere to be found. Strike while the iron is hot and learn while you are young. Raising a child who doesn't study is like feeding a pig. Raise children who don't learn art, pick a laundry list. The river has a bottom, and the book is bottomless. If the only son doesn't teach, the dog climbs the kitchen alone. Infertility from childhood, growing up to be a crooked wood. People are afraid of wrapping, clothes are afraid of fire. I don't know that salt and rice are expensive until I take care of it. The adopted son knows the kindness of his parents. An ancient family is like a treasure. If you are not poor in food and clothing, you will never be poor in life. New three years, old three years, sewing and mending for another three years. People can be everywhere and grass can be everywhere. There is rice for one meal and rice for two meals. If the iron is cold, you can't beat it If the weather is cold, you are right. Soft, eat soft. Serve the people by serving the bowl. Walking a hundred paces after a meal can live ninety-nine. The words are not pleasant to hear, and the medicine for treating diseases is not delicious. Submit to humiliation, home is invincible, and gas can make money. A right heart fears no thunder, but real gold fears no fire. If you want to be unknown, you must do it yourself. Your family has gold and silver, and there is equal weight next door. Water will melt the stone, but the fish will rot and stab out. People will always meet, and people will always walk together. Take an umbrella on a sunny day, and you are hungry. Sharpen a knife and cut wood by mistake. Hunting along the mountain, everyone who sees it has a share. Send a dime a thousand miles, courtesy is light and benevolence is heavy. Don't be lazy when it's cheap, and don't rush for success when it's expensive. One bachelor, ten assistants. Man is iron and rice is steel. People are afraid of being old and poor, and the valley is afraid of the afternoon wind. People get it when they are old, and trees are empty when they are old. Big trees should be divided, big trees should be divided. A close mouth catches no flies. Children don't think their mothers are ugly, and dogs don't think their families are poor. Not afraid of not knowing the goods, but afraid of shopping around. The human heart is separated from the abdomen, and the rice is separated from the basket. Good medicine tastes bitter and is good for illness, but advice when most unpleasant is good for action. Don't burn incense when you are free, cram for the Buddha's feet when you are in a hurry, don't peck on the pole, and both ends will fail.

4, two-part allegorical saying:

Sand-closed theater-upside down. Chamber pot drinks-the old line. Pea crab.-get out. Eat peaches in the middle of the night-press the cake. A basket of chopsticks and a basket of bowls-two baskets (difficult). Wash your face with linen-a rough (first) meeting. A dwarf crossed the river and drowned his heart. There are so many pigs in the alley-go straight, go straight. Dogs bite mice-mind your own business. Monks in Sanjiao Temple-have a family and a room. Wild boar arches coptis chinensis-asking for it.