Who invented Ma Touqin?

Legend has it that Ma Touqin was originally made by a little shepherd boy named Su He in Chahar Grassland. Sue lives with grandma. Live the way you raised it. Su and he have extraordinary singing talent, and the herdsmen nearby are very willing to listen to him sing.

One day, the sun had set and it was getting dark. But Sue, he hasn't come back yet. Just when people were very anxious, Su He walked into the yurt with a furry little thing in his arms.

When people look at it, it turns out to be a newborn pony. Su He looked at everyone's amazing eyes and said to them, "On my way back, I met this little guy, lying on the ground and moving straight. As soon as I saw that no one cleaned it up, I was afraid of being eaten by wolves at night, so I took it back. "

Day by day, the little white horse grew up. Beautiful and strong, everyone loves him, and Su He loves him more.

One night, Su He was awakened from his sleep by the rapid neighing of horses. He thought of the little white horse, so he quickly got up and went out to have a look. A big wolf was blocked by the little white horse outside the sheepfold. Sue drove the wolf away. When he saw the sweaty little white horse, he knew that the wolf must have stayed here for a long time. Thanks to Little White Horse for protecting the sheep for him. He gently stroked the white horse's sweaty body and said to it, "Little white horse! Thanks to you. "

One spring, news came from the grassland that Wang Ye would hold a horse racing meeting at the Lama Temple, because Wang Ye's daughter wanted to choose the best rider as her husband, and whoever won the first prize would marry her daughter. Sue and his little white horse also took part. I set off with my beloved little white horse.

The horse race began, and many strong young people raised their whips and galloped. Finally, Sue and Little White Horse became the first. However, Wang Ye denied that Su He was poor. Unreasonably said: "I will give you three big ingots, and leave the horse for me. Go back quickly!" " "

"I'm here for horse racing, not to sell horses." Sue said those two words without thinking.

Sue and Wang Ye beat him black and blue. The little white horse was taken away.

Su He was rescued by relatives and friends. Under the careful care of her grandmother, she rested for a few days and gradually recovered. One night, Su He was about to go to bed when she heard the door ring. Ask: "Who?" But no one answered. The door is still banging.

Grandma opened the door and looked, "Ah, it's a little white horse!" " The little white horse came back with an arrow. The next day, the horse died of his injuries.

It turned out that the prince was very happy because he got a good horse, so he chose an auspicious day to hold a banquet and invite relatives and friends to celebrate. He wants to show his good horse in front of people, ask the warriors to take the horse, and want to perform.

Wang Zigang got on the horse and didn't sit down when the white horse gave him a kick and threw him down. The white horse struggled to break free from the thick rope and rushed through the crowd. The prince got up and shouted, "Catch it quickly, or shoot if you can't catch it!" " The archers shot several arrows, but the little white horse ran home and died in front of its dearest master.

Su He was heartbroken at the death of White Horse. One night, Sue saw a live white horse in her dream. He touched it, and it approached him and said to him gently, "Master, if you want me to never leave you and relieve your loneliness, then you can make a piano with my bones and muscles!" "

After Su He woke up, he made a piano with its bones, tendons and tail according to the little white horse's words.

Whenever he plays the piano, he will think of hatred for the monarch; Every time he recalls the excitement of galloping on horseback, the sound of the piano will become more beautiful. Since then, Ma Touqin has become a comfort to the herdsmen on the grassland. As soon as they hear this wonderful piano sound, they will forget the fatigue of the day and will not leave for a long time.

Extended data:

Ma Touqin is a stringed instrument of Mongolian nationality in China, which is named after the horse head engraved on the top of the piano. Ma Touqin has a long history, which evolved from the development of the stringed instrument Xiqin in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Genghis Khan (1155-1227) has spread among the people. According to The Travels of Marco Polo's records, in the12nd century, the Tatars (the predecessor of the Mongols) were popular with a two-stringed piano, which may be its predecessor. Used in Ming and Qing court bands.

Due to different regions, its name, shape, timbre and playing method are also different. It is called "Molinhur" in the west of Inner Mongolia, and "Chaoer" in Hulunbeier, Zheheimu and Zhaowudamang in the east of Inner Mongolia. ?

There are also names such as Hu Wuer, Hu Qin, Mawei Hu Qin and Bowstring Hu Qin. Besides Inner Mongolia, Mongolians in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu and Xinjiang are also very popular.

Ma Touqin is a representative musical instrument of Mongolian people, which not only occupies a place in families in China and the world, but also is a favorite musical instrument of folk artists and herders. The music played by Ma Touqin is deep, rough and passionate, which embodies the Mongolian production, life and grassland customs. ?

Ma Touqin's excellent repertoire is many, and the traditional Qin music is diverse in style, full of grassland characteristics and euphemistic in tune, mainly depicting natural scenery or singing to horses.

Such as Zhu Selie, Cool Hang Gai, Four Seasons, Mongolian Minor, Spring in Ordos, Cool Spring, Walking and "Ma bu".

Zhu Selie is adapted from a folk song of the same name. "Zhu Selie" is the name of a mountain, which is used by music to describe the loyalty of love between men and women.

"Cool Hang Gai" is a description of pastures with rich mountains, rivers and water plants in summer.

Based on the folk songs of the same name, Four Seasons is melodious and smooth, depicting the changes of natural scenery in Xilin Gol prairie all year round and the herdsmen's love for their hometown.

Excellent works praising the new era and new life include: New Songs on the Grassland by Darima, Spring Festival, Praise on the Grassland by Qi Baoligao, Grassland of Gyeonggi, Narration by Wan, Grassland in Erdos, Ma Touqin Concerto and Prairie Poetry by Xin Huguang.

The New Song of Grassland is a hymn of grassland and herdsmen based on the songs of Ximeng and Hu Mengmin. "The grassland connected with Beijing" expresses the Mongolian people's strong pride in the grassland and their feelings for Beijing.

Wan Ma Benteng depicts the grand construction prospect of Senecio scandens in Inner Mongolia. Someone once said: The description of the grassland and the melody of a Ma Touqin song are far more vivid than the colors of the painter and the language of the poet. This is apt. When a melodious Ma Touqin song rings in people's ears, close your eyes and meditate with the melody. ...

From the period of mountain hunting culture to the early period of grassland nomadic culture, the musical instruments used by Mongols were not Ma Touqin, but plucked instruments such as Hobbes and Tubshur, which were mostly used for entertainment and song and dance.

From "? According to the records in the Secret History of Mongolia and the History of Yuan Dynasty, where did Genghis Khan go? During Kublai Khan's period, the Mongolian national musical instruments were mainly plucked instruments. Mongolian soldiers and herdsmen in the Yuan Dynasty were good at playing with fire and thinking, and liked to dance and step on songs in groups.

With the rapid development of grassland nomadic music, Ma Touqin, a stringed instrument, was born and widely popularized, and eventually replaced plucked string as the most grassland-featured folk musical instrument in Mongolia.

Obviously, when stringed instruments replace plucked instruments, the fire will gradually subside, and Ma Touqin will naturally become the protagonist of Mongolian musical instruments. Ma Touqin, an ancient stringed instrument, is named after its head is carved with a horse's head.

《? "Draft of the Qing Dynasty" contains: "Huqin, smooth in texture, with two strings and a square handle. The trough is oval-pointed, with skin, the wood outside the trough is like a hairpin, and the faucet is a mountain pass. The string is hollow, with two axes, one left and one right, and eighty-one stems tied with wooden ponytails. " Therefore, Ma Touqin originally had a dragon head.

This point was recorded as early as 7 1 Records of Rites and Music in Yuan Dynasty: "The Huqin system is like a fire without thinking, with a curled neck and a dragon with two strings, which are pressed by a bow, and the strings of the bow are ponytails." According to rock paintings and some historical materials, the ancient Mongols began to process yogurt spoons, wrapped them in cowhide, and pulled up two ponytail strings as musical instruments, which were called "spoon-shaped huqin". At present, many experts believe that this is the predecessor of Ma Touqin.

At that time, the longest spoon-shaped huqin was about two feet, and the speaker was smaller, so the sound was much smaller. So far? Some people in western Mongolia also call Ma Touqin "spoon-shaped huqin". At that time, the piano head was not necessarily a horse's head, but a human head, skull, crocodile head, turtle shell or faucet. In addition, it is said that the head of this kind of piano is in the shape of a monkey head or a martel head.

Martel is shaped like a dragon and a monkey, symbolizing a sacred object that suppresses evil spirits. According to relevant scholars' research, Ma Touqin was born at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, and the head of the piano was changed from a dragon head or a martel head to a horse head.

In addition, there are many kinds of pianos, such as Pihu, Shovel Hu, Xiqin and Xiqin, which were all popular instruments at that time. In the Yuan Dynasty, with the gradual prosperity of court life, there were specialized performers and dancers in the court, and Ma Touqin gradually became one of the main contents of court music.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ma Touqin