Ethnic customs of Dongbo Yao nationality township

Before liberation, houses were mostly civil structures, mostly straw houses. After liberation, Yao Ban and Indyao built many tile houses, believing that people and animals would prosper if they chose auspicious days to build houses facing the mountains. A room has three compartments, which are more than two feet wide and one foot high. When the column was on the beam, the carpenter master also said, "Go! Let's go Let's go Every family in the future has it. Pillar! Pillar! Future generations have money, stand up! Stand Up! All future generations will become rich. Stand left first, then stand right, and later generations will show off. " Read the column while reading. On the beam, there is a red cloth hanging between the beam and the wood, on which are written the four characters "good luck". The house is surrounded by fences, boards or mud to prevent wind or theft.

There is a custom that some people move to another place after the death of Shan Yao branch, so the housing is very simple. In the past, there was a saying that "nine stones and one soil, one mountain grows, one mountain eats, one mountain walks, and one mountain loses". People moved when they were poor. After liberation, the party and the government cared about them and tried their best to support them. Most of them have settled down, and a few have built tile-roofed houses. The mode of production has changed and life has improved significantly. The custom and clan system of providing for the aged in the village inherited by Yao people since ancient times is a traditional moral education of self-respect, self-love, autonomy and self-cultivation, and a system for handling internal affairs.

Village rights have been exercised by village elders since ancient times. Some take the village or household where they lived first as "village elders", some are judged by God after "forbidding" and "breaking the law", and some are democratically elected. In a village, there are 1 to 4 leaders who are the owners of a village. When something happens, call the masses to discuss and decide, and be responsible for solving production, sweeping villages, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, civil disputes and organizing armed forces to oppose foreign invasion. When it is important, everyone will agree on laws and regulations, and the elders in the village will supervise the implementation. Problems involving the village will be held jointly and resolved through consultation. After liberation, Zhai Lao actively moved closer to the party and the people's government, and the party and the people's government relied on them to do a lot of work beneficial to the people. Ruan Furong, Wei Enlu, Lu Wenzhong, Zhang, Zhao Fuxian, Li Damei, Shao Chunyou, etc. He is an excellent medicine Zhai Lao and has won the support and love of the masses.

The clan rights are exercised by the elders who have their own surnames and are responsible for handling internal affairs. All marriages, separations and inheritance are decided by tribal elders. Old Yinyao people can force adult men to "abstain from abstinence" and also "break the law" after marriage, thinking that only "abstinence" or "breaking the law" are Pan's prince and grandson. The important events of a family are decided by the old people in the family. If the parents are alive, the property is divided equally between the parents and the boy, and the parents can give it to whoever they want. The old house where parents have not died belongs to their parents, and the funeral expenses required for their parents' death are borne by all scholars. When parents die, the sister-in-law has the obligation to raise her sister-in-law. Orphans without brothers shall be adopted by grandparents or uncles. Unmarried girls have the right to accumulate private wealth, such as planting indigo, peanuts, cotton and beans. You can take it away when you get married. A family is headed by a man, and the separation between brothers is very solemn. One is to report to the clan, the village and the old people to participate and conclude a contract as a basis. Yao people worship their ancestors. The Indo-Yao people and Yao Ban people took Pangu as their ancestors and Pan Hu as their ancestors. In addition to the worship of the whole village, every family has its own ancestral genealogy and genealogy. Generally do not write memorial tablets. A few people who live together with the Han nationality write "the throne of heaven and earth", and some people who live together with the Zhuang nationality write "the incense throne of great-great grandfathers in past dynasties" Instead of offering sacrifices to King Pan, Mountain Demons built their own dragons, incense burners and memorial tablets to offer sacrifices to their ancestors.

(1) ancestor worship: a heavy festival sacrifice, offering a knife. The fifteenth day of the first month and the fifteenth day of July are festivals to worship ancestors. They kill chickens and offer wine, make paper clothes and paper money, write down the names of four generations of great-great grandfathers and burn them to their ancestors. The fifteenth day of the first month is even more grand. Every family invited Taoist priests to protect the peace, and invited the immortals (the names of the ancestors' in-laws), the Queen Mother, the God of Wealth, the God of Land, the God of Rice Seedlings, the God of Kitchen King, the God of Medicine King, the God of Longevity, the Fairy of Sanqing, the God of Society and the God of Pangu to sacrifice. Secondly, on March 3rd or Tomb-Sweeping Day, ancestors were sacrificed to the grave with wine, meat, flowers and glutinous rice.

(2) offering sacrifices to the gods. Yao people believe in many gods: Pangu, Shennong, Sheji, Huang Cheng, Huang Yu, Wang Wen, Kitchen King, Huahua, Wang Jing, Shen Shan, Girl, Leigong, Moody, Sanqing, Sanyuan, Minguan, Niuguan, No.4 Division, Leo, Zhenwu and Wade. Yaozhai has a land god, and more than 20 families have temples. They were placed under the incense burner under the tree beside the village, and they read: "Great Emperor Pangu, Great Emperor Ruo Nan Cen, Lord of this mountain", "Great Emperor Hao Tianyu is in the upper bound" and "Great Emperor Li She, love the people of this village".

(3) Wish: hold it every year. Sacrifice to the "Four Gods" (namely, King Pan, Jade Emperor, King Jing and Social God), make a wish at the beginning of the year and pray for the blessing of the four gods; At the end of the year, an oath will be held at the host's home, which is called the "Jade Emperor Ballroom in Sanzhuliuxiang". "Brothel" is a square balcony model made of bamboo, which is one foot wide and three and a half feet high. The top is decorated with women's headscarves. In the morning and evening, young men will sing in the "Three Prostitutes" to express their wishes to "Pan Wang". I also want to end it and burn the "brothel" to worship the "King Pan". I think it's usually two days and two nights, and within three to five days after the end, the whole village is forbidden to grind rice, do needlework and dry clothes and sundries in the village. If you can't avoid it, you can do it outside the village, otherwise "God" will blame you.

(4) Village Sweeping: once a year, held in early February. Every family donated money to collect food and kill pigs and chickens. Every household has a person to participate in the sacrificial activities, saying that exorcism is good for everyone. Second, ask the Dragon King to release water so that crops can be planted in season. On that day, dozens of people led by Daogong took a bowl of rice, while the rest marched in the village with broadswords, sticks, chains, dung baskets and paper money, dancing and shouting. The people who took rice were scattered at the head and end of the village, which was called exorcism, and every household carried out cleaning activities at the same time to eliminate disasters and gain happiness.

(5) Dragon Boat Festival: March is an auspicious day for the Dragon Boat Festival. On this day, every household donates money and materials, kills pigs and chickens to pay tribute to the "Four Emperors", praying for good weather, prosperity of the country and the people, abundant crops and prosperity of six livestock. Every household is attended by a man and shared after dedication, but women can't participate, otherwise the Four Emperors will blame. Since liberation, some people's faith in God has gradually become indifferent.