What is the information and knowledge about traditional festivals?

Spring Festival is the New Year in China.

Time: Before the Han Dynasty, the Spring Festival was a dry calendar that started in spring and later evolved into the first day of the first month of the summer calendar (that is, the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar). At present, the Spring Festival time is: the first day of the first lunar month in a narrow sense, and the first day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month in a broad sense.

The custom of the Spring Festival (setting off fireworks)

The Spring Festival, the Lunar New Year, is the beginning of a year and a traditional festival. Commonly known as Spring Festival, New Year, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, New Year's Eve and so on. Verbally, it is also called New Year's Eve, Celebration, 30th, 30th. The Spring Festival has a long history, which evolved from praying for the New Year at the beginning of the year in ancient times. Everything is based on the sky, and people are based on their ancestors. It is also the opposite to pray for the ancestors who worship the sky.

The origin of the Spring Festival contains profound cultural connotations, and it carries rich historical and cultural connotations in its inheritance and development. During the Spring Festival, various activities to celebrate the Spring Festival are held all over the country, with rich regional characteristics and active festive atmosphere. These activities are rich and colorful, which have condensed the essence of China traditional culture, mainly to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, exorcise evil spirits and disturb disasters, offer sacrifices to gods and ancestors, and pray for the New Year.

The customs of the Spring Festival

The New Year greeting is centered on offering sacrifices and praying for blessings, and is carried out in the form of activities such as uncovering old cloth, welcoming the new year, worshipping the gods and ancestors, and praying for a good year. The content is rich and colorful, lively and festive, and the annual flavor is rich.

Chinese New Year has a long history. In the process of inheritance and development, some relatively fixed customs have been formed, many of which have been passed down to this day, such as holding new year's goods, sweeping dust, pasting new year's red, having a reunion dinner, celebrating New Year's Eve, celebrating New Year's greetings, dancing dragons and lions, worshipping gods and ancestors, setting off firecrackers, burning fireworks, playing god games, dating rules, boat races, praying for blessings, temple fairs, beating gongs and drums and so on.

Traditional festival ceremonies and related custom activities are important contents of festival elements, bearing rich and colorful festival cultural connotations.

2. Lantern Festival

Time: the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

English: Lantern Festival (literal translation of Dragon Lantern Festival)

Lantern Festival, also known as Lantern Festival, Little First Month, Yuanxi Festival and Shangyuan Festival, is the 15th day of the first lunar month and one of the traditional festivals in China. According to the Taoist "Sanyuan Festival", the fifteenth day of the first month is also called "Shangyuan Festival".

The first month is the first month of the lunar calendar, and the ancients called "night". The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night in a year, so it is called "Lantern Festival". Since ancient times, the custom of Lantern Festival has been based on the warm and festive custom of watching lanterns.

The formation of the Lantern Festival custom has a long process, which is rooted in the folk custom of turning on the lights to pray. Generally, turning on the light for blessing begins on the 14th night of the first month, and the 15th night is "positive light". People light lamps, also known as "sending lamps", in order to pray to the gods.

The rise of the custom of burning lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first month is also related to the spread of Buddhism to the east. In the Tang dynasty, Buddhism flourished, and officials and ordinary people generally "lit lanterns for the Buddha" on the fifteenth day of the first month, so Buddhist lanterns were spread all over the people. Since the Tang Dynasty, Lantern Festival lighting has become a legal thing.

Lantern Festival customs

Because Lantern Festival has the custom of hanging lanterns and watching lanterns, it is also called Lantern Festival among the people. Lantern Festival mainly includes a series of traditional folk activities, such as watching lanterns, eating glutinous rice balls, solve riddles on the lanterns and setting off fireworks. In addition, folk performances such as playing with dragon lanterns, playing with lions, walking on stilts, rowing on dry boats, dancing yangko and playing Taiping drums have been added to the Lantern Festival in many places.

3. The dragon raised its head

Dragon Head Rise (the second day of the second lunar month), also known as Spring Farming Festival, Farming Festival, Qinglong Festival and Spring Dragon Festival, is a traditional folk festival in China.

"Dragon" refers to the astrology of the oriental black dragon in seven of the twenty-eight lodges. At the beginning of mid-spring every year, the "Dragon Horn Star" rises from the eastern horizon, so it is called "Dragon Head Up".

The dragon looked up at the beginning of mid-spring, and the five elements of "Mao" belonged to wood, and the divination was "earthquake"; In "92", it means that the dragon has escaped from the latent state and has appeared on the surface of the earth, emerging as a budding elephant. In farming culture, "the dragon looks up" means that the sun is shining, the rain is increasing, everything is full of vitality, and spring ploughing begins. Since ancient times, people have also regarded the Dragon Rise Day as a day to pray for good weather, ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters, and accept good luck.

Although "the dragon looks up" has a long history, there is a saying that the dragon looks up and is associated with holiday customs in the literature after the Yuan Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, "the second day of February" was called the day when the dragon looked up. February of the lunar calendar has entered the mid-spring season, and "February 2" is between the "rain", "shock" and "vernal equinox" of the 24 solar terms.

4. Social Day Festival

Social Day Festival, also known as Native Festival (the second day of the second lunar month), is an ancient traditional festival in China. Social days are divided into Spring Club and Autumn Club. In ancient times, the festival of social day was determined according to the calendar of cadres and branches. Later, due to the change of calendar, festivals were decided by the lunar calendar.

The Spring Festival is calculated on the fifth day after beginning of spring (e, the five elements belong to the earth), which is generally around the second day of February in the lunar calendar, and the Autumn Festival is based on the fifth day after beginning of autumn, which is about August in the lunar calendar. In ancient times, the land gods and the places where they were sacrificed were called "clubs". According to the folk custom of our country, every time sowing or harvesting season, farmers should set up a social sacrifice, pray or reward the land god.

Social days are divided into spring clubs and autumn clubs. The Spring Club is calculated on the fifth day after beginning of spring, usually around the second day of February, and the Autumn Club is calculated on the fifth day after beginning of autumn, about August when Xingu debuted.

5. Shangsi Festival

Shangsi Festival, commonly known as March 3rd, is a traditional festival of the Han nationality. It was designated as the fourth day of March before the Han Dynasty, and was later designated as the third day of March in the summer calendar.

Shangsi Festival has a long history. In ancient times, Shangsi Festival has become a large-scale folk festival. In spring and quiet time, people go out of their homes and gather at the water's edge to hold ceremonies to clear up the ominous. Shangsi Festival is the most important festival in ancient times. People go to the water to take a bath together, which is called "praise" Since then, sacrificial banquets, meandering water and outings have been added.

6. Cold Food Festival

Time: before Tomb-Sweeping Day 1~2 days.

Cold food is a popular festival among the old customs in northern China. In ancient times, dates were not fixed. Some say it was the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day, and some say it was two days before Qingming Festival.

Cold food festival, also known as "smoke-free festival", "cold food festival" and "Hundred Five Days Festival". Smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten on this day, so it is called "Cold Food Festival". The Cold Food Festival is an earlier festival that originated in ancient northern China. At the beginning of the Cold Food Festival, smoking was not allowed, and only cold food was allowed. In the development of later generations, the customs of sweeping the floor, swinging, cuju, hooking and cockfighting were gradually increased.

Because of the cold in the north and the rising temperature in spring and March, it is time to change the fire, so people should ban the fire before the new fire comes. In folklore, although the Cold Food Festival is related to meson push, the origin of cold food is not to commemorate meson push, but to follow the old habit of changing fire in ancient times, that is, in Zhou Li, the legend that "in mid-spring, the woodpile repairs the fire, and it is forbidden in the middle" originated from the ancient system of drilling wood for fire and replacing it with a new one.

7. Tomb-Sweeping Day

Time: the day when the solar terms of the dry calendar are clear, around April 5 of the Gregorian calendar (Gregorian calendar).

Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as outing festival, outing festival, March festival, ancestor worship festival, etc. It was celebrated at the turn of mid-spring and late spring. Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from the ancestral belief and the custom of worshipping spring in ancient times, which has both natural and humanistic connotations. It is both a natural solar term and a traditional festival.

Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional major Spring Festival. It is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation for thousands of years to sweep graves and cherish the memory of ancestors. It is not only conducive to promoting filial piety and family memory, but also conducive to promoting the cohesion and identity of family members and even the nation.

Tomb-Sweeping Day's integration of natural solar terms and humanistic customs is a combination of humanistic and natural conditions, which fully embodies the Chinese ancestors' pursuit of harmony between heaven, earth and people, pays attention to conforming to the right time, place and people, and follows the laws of nature. Qingming is an ancient festival of the Chinese nation. It is not only a solemn festival to sweep graves and worship ancestors, but also a happy festival for people to get close to nature, go for an outing and enjoy the fun of spring.

8. Dragon Boat Festival

Time: Before the Han Dynasty, it was noon in the Ganzhi calendar, and after the Han Dynasty, it evolved into the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

English: Dragon Boat Festival (Dragon Boat Festival)

Also known as Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Noon Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Zhengyang Festival, Magnolia Festival, Tianyi Festival and Tianzhong Festival. It is a festival founded by our ancestors to worship their ancestors and pray for evil spirits. Dragon Boat Festival originated from the worship of astronomical phenomena and evolved from the ancient Dragon Boat Festival. On the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, the black dragon rises to the south of the sky for seven nights, which is an auspicious day for the dragon to fly. As the fifth poem in the Book of Changes says, "The dragon is in the sky".

At noon, Long Xing is both a "win" and a "right" and a symbol of good luck. The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival covers the ancient astrological culture, humanistic philosophy and other aspects, and contains profound and rich cultural connotations. In the process of inheritance and development, a variety of folk customs are integrated, and festival customs are rich in content. Picking dragon boats and eating zongzi are the two major themes of the Dragon Boat Festival, which have been handed down in China since ancient times and have never stopped.

Dragon boat festival custom

Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Noon Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Zhengyang Festival, Magnolia Festival, Tianyi Festival and Tianzhong Festival. It is a festival founded by our ancestors to worship their ancestors and pray for evil spirits.

Dragon Boat Festival originated from the worship of astronomical phenomena and evolved from the ancient Dragon Boat Festival. On the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, the black dragon rises to the south of the sky for seven nights, which is an auspicious day for the dragon to fly. As the fifth poem in the Book of Changes says, "The dragon is in the sky". At noon, Long Xing is both a "win" and a "right" and a symbol of good luck.

The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival covers the ancient astrological culture, humanistic philosophy and other aspects, and contains profound and rich cultural connotations. In the process of inheritance and development, a variety of folk customs are integrated, and festival customs are rich in content. Picking dragon boats and eating zongzi are the two major themes of the Dragon Boat Festival, which have been handed down in China since ancient times and have never stopped.

9. Chinese Valentine's Day

Time: the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.

China Valentine's Day, also known as Qiaoqi Festival, Qijie Festival, Daughter's Day, Qiaoqi Festival, Qixi Festival, Qiaoxi Festival, Niuniupo Day, Shuangqi Festival, etc. It is a traditional folk festival in China, which is the birthday of Qi Jie in the traditional sense. Because the sacrificial ceremony was held on the seventh day of July, it was named Tanabata. It is the traditional custom of Qixi to worship the seven sisters, pray, seek skillful art, sit and watch morning glory and weave stars, pray for marriage and store water on Qixi.

Tanabata Festival custom

Valentine's Day in China is the earliest love festival in the world. It is a traditional folk custom in China to sit and watch the morning glory and the Weaver Girl, visit friends in the boudoir, worship the Weaver Girl, seek marriage, learn needlework, and pray for blessings. Valentine's Day in China originated in China, and it is also celebrated in some Asian countries influenced by China culture, such as Japan, Korean Peninsula and Viet Nam.

10, Mid-Autumn Festival

Time: the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month.

Mid-Autumn Festival is the name of Taoism, which is called July 30 and July 14 in folklore and ancestor worship festival in Buddhism. Festival customs mainly include offering sacrifices to ancestors, setting off river lanterns, offering sacrifices to the dead, burning paper ingots and offering sacrifices to the ground. Its appearance can be traced back to ancestor worship and related festivals in ancient times.

July is auspicious month and filial month, and July 30 is a festival for people to celebrate the harvest and repay the earth in early autumn. Some crops are ripe, so people should worship their ancestors according to the law and report Qiu Cheng to them with new rice and other sacrifices. This festival is a traditional cultural festival to remember the ancestors, and its cultural core is to respect the ancestors and do filial piety.

1 1, Mid-Autumn Festival

Time: August 15th of the lunar calendar.

English: Mid-Autumn Festival

Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Mid-Autumn Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Moon Worship Festival and Reunion Festival, is a traditional folk festival in China. The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the worship of celestial phenomena and evolved from the worship of the autumn moon in ancient times. Since ancient times, Mid-Autumn Festival has had folk customs such as offering sacrifices to the moon, enjoying the moon, eating moon cakes, playing with lanterns, enjoying osmanthus and drinking osmanthus wine. It has been circulating for a long time.

Mid-autumn festival custom

The custom of watching tide in Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history. "I know that the Jade Rabbit is very round, and it has been frosty in September." The message is that the door should be closed and the night tide will stay on the moon. "This is the poem" Watching the Tide on August 15th "written by Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty. In ancient Zhejiang, besides enjoying the moon, tide watching was another Mid-Autumn Festival activity.

Sacrificing the Moon: Sacrificing the Moon in autumn is a very old custom, which is actually a worship activity of the ancients to the "Moon God". In ancient times, there was a custom of "autumn and dusk".

In some places in Guangdong, people have the custom of Yue Bai on the evening of August 15th. The moon at night is to worship the moon god. Set up a big incense table and offer sacrifices such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums and grapes. Under the moon, put the "Luna God" tablet in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family took turns in Yue Bai to pray.

Appreciating the moon: the custom of appreciating the moon comes from offering sacrifices to the moon, and serious sacrifices have become relaxed enjoyment. It is said that the moon is closest to the earth this night, and the moon is the biggest and brightest, so there has been a custom of drinking and enjoying the moon since ancient times; The daughter-in-law who goes back to her parents' house will go back and forth to express her happiness and good luck.

12, Double Ninth Festival

Time: the ninth day of the ninth lunar month

Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, is a traditional folk festival in China.

In ancient times, there were harvest festivals to celebrate heaven and Mars. "Lu Chunqiu Qiu Ji Ji" contains the activities of the ancients to offer sacrifices to the Heavenly Emperor and ancestors to thank them for their kindness during the harvest in September.

This is the original form of the Double Ninth Festival as an autumn harvest sacrifice activity. The Double Ninth Festival began in ancient times, took shape in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, spread in the Western Han Dynasty and flourished after the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty is an important period when traditional festival customs are mixed and shaped, and its main part has been passed down to this day.

Chongyang ancestor worship has lasted for thousands of years and is an ancient folk custom with far-reaching significance. In the historical development and evolution, the Double Ninth Festival is a mixture of various folk customs, bearing rich cultural connotations.

Double ninth festival custom

In ancient times, there were folk customs such as climbing to pray for blessings, enjoying chrysanthemums in autumn, wearing dogwood, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, and holding birthday banquets. So far, it has added the connotation of respecting the elderly, feasting on the day of Chongyang, and being grateful for respecting the elderly. Climbing mountains and enjoying autumn and giving thanks and respecting the elderly are two important themes of today's Double Ninth Festival.

13, winter solstice

Time: around February 22nd, 65438+.

Winter solstice, also known as short solstice, winter festival, year-ending, winter worship, etc., has both natural and humanistic connotations. It is not only an important solar term among the 24 solar terms, but also a traditional folk festival in China. The solstice in winter is one of the eight festivals in four seasons, and it is considered as a big holiday in winter. There is an ancient saying that the solstice in winter is as big as a year, so the ancients called it "off-year" or "off-year".

Winter solstice custom

The custom of winter solstice varies in content or details due to different regions. In some areas along the southern coast of China, there are customs of offering sacrifices to ancestors and feasting on the winter solstice. In northern China, it is a custom to eat jiaozi from winter to Sunday every year.

14, Laba Festival

Laba Festival, commonly known as Laba, is celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month and is mainly popular in northern China. The custom of this festival is "drinking Laba porridge". Laba is one of the grand festivals in Buddhism, and it is also the day when Buddha Sakyamuni became a monk and became a Taoist, also known as "magic weapon festival", "Buddhist and Taoist festival" and "Taoist meeting".

The word "Laba" originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when it was also called "Laba". Originally a Buddhist festival, it has gradually become a household name through the evolution of several generations. The earliest written record of Laba porridge was in the Song Dynasty. Wu's Dream in the Southern Song Dynasty says: "On the eighth day of this month, the temple name is Laba. Dasha and other temples have five-flavored porridge called Laba porridge. "

15, off-year

Off-year, not just a day, is called "off-year" because of local customs. During the off-year period, the main folk activities include sweeping dust and offering sacrifices to stoves. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial furnace was always the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, at least until the Qianlong period.

"Lu" Volume 12 "Reading for Four Nights in December": "It is customary to say that reading for four nights in the twelfth lunar month means sending meals at night." According to the legacy of unofficial history Daguan and Qing Palace in Qing Dynasty, Qianlong once worshipped the Kitchen God in Kunning Palace on the 24th night of the twelfth lunar month every year.

Since the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the emperor's family held a ceremony to worship heaven on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. In order to "save money", they also paid homage to the kitchen god, so the folks in the northern region followed suit and celebrated the festival on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. In most parts of the south, the ancient tradition of celebrating the Lunar New Year on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month is still maintained.

16, New Year's Eve

Time:1February 29th or 30th.

New Year's Eve is the last night at the end of the year. The last day of the end of the year is called "year's minute", which means that the old year is divided and replaced by the new year. In addition, it means to remove; Night means night. "New Year's Eve" refers to the eve of New Year, also known as New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve and so on. This is the last night of the year.

As a festival at the end of the year, New Year's Eve originated from the ancient custom of resigning the old year to welcome the new year and offering sacrifices to ancestors. New Year's Eve is a time to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, to reunite the whole family and to worship the ancestors. Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and Double Ninth Festival are traditional festivals in China to offer sacrifices to ancestors.

New Year's Eve has a special meaning in the hearts of China people. On the most important day at the end of this year, no matter how far away, the wanderers have to rush home to reunite with their families, say goodbye to the old year with firecrackers and set off fireworks everywhere to welcome the new year.

New year's eve custom

On New Year's Eve, there are mainly customs such as posting New Year greetings, New Year's Eve, lucky money, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, and keeping the old. On New Year's Eve, the whole family eats a "reunion dinner" together, which smells like a family reunion in the New Year. The folk custom of keeping New Year's Eve is mainly manifested in turning on the lights all night on New Year's Eve. The New Year's Eve fire originated from the need of exorcism in ancient times. New Year's Eve is extremely important for China people.

On this day, people are ready to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and have a family reunion dinner. Eating New Year's Eve in 2008 is the most lively and happy time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, a table of rich New Year's dishes, the whole family get together, sit around the table and have a reunion dinner.