How to understand the function of allusions in ancient poetry

Citation is a common expression in ancient poetry, and its main feature is to express one's wishes or feelings with the help of some historical figures, myths and legends, fables, etc.

Allusions in ancient poetry are often closely related to the ideas to be expressed. Specifically, they have the following functions:

First, be tactful and implicit, and avoid being straightforward.

If allusions are used properly, good rhetorical effects can be achieved. It can be elegant, interesting and implicit, and it can show richer connotation in limited words, increase charm and interest, and express it more vividly, elegantly and implicitly.

Second, evaluate history and discuss the present with the past.

1. In some poems with the theme of lamenting history, ancient poets often express their unique opinions by quoting allusions from historical figures or stories.

2. In view of some disadvantages in society, when ancient poets were restricted by the surrounding environment and could not speak freely, they often quoted allusions to allude to current events, so as to achieve the expression effect of satirizing the present by borrowing the ancient.

Third, lyrical expression, showing the heart.

The essential feature of poetry is lyricism, but sometimes the poet's feelings are not expressed directly, but expressed tactfully with the help of allusions. Judging from the types of expressing emotions, we can usually be divided into the following situations:

1. Express praise and praise for beautiful things. ?

2. Express positive and optimistic attitude towards life.

3. Express grief and lament for the hard-won ambition.

Fourth, arouse association and innovate artistic conception.

In poetry, allusions are quoted when describing realistic scenery. We can connect this scene with that scene at that time, so that we can create a new picture, deepen the artistic conception of the poem, promote people's association, and thus enhance the expressive force and appeal of the work.

Five, concise and informative.

As we know, ancient poetry is often limited by the number of words and sentences. How to express rich connotations in a limited space is a good means. Because allusions are highly generalizations of historical stories, while increasing the capacity of poetry, they can make the language more concise and increase the expressive force of poetry. Can receive concise and meaningful artistic effects.

Extended data:

Examples of poems with allusions are as follows:

1, nostalgic empty songs and flute fu, going to the countryside is like a rotten ke. Liu Yuxi's "Enjoy Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou"

Allusions:

Wendy's Fu refers to the Thinking of Old Fu written by Xiang Embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty. Xiang embroidery and Ji Kang are good friends. Ji Kang was killed because he was dissatisfied with Sima Group. Xiangxiu passed by Ji Kang's former residence, and when he heard someone playing the flute, he couldn't help feeling sad, so he wrote "Thinking of the Old".

Rotten people-refers to the people of Jin Wang. Wang Zhi went up the hill to chop wood. When he saw two boys playing chess, he stopped to watch. By the end of the game, the handle of the axe was rotten. Back in the village, I realized that one hundred years had passed.

Significance and function of poetry;

The poet used these two allusions to show that he had been away for twenty-three years. Now, when he comes back, many old friends have died, so he can only recite Wendy Fu in vain to express his condolences. Coming back is like a previous life, and it feels completely different. It's not the past anymore. The latter sentence uses the allusion of Wang Fu-fu, which not only implies his long years of relegation, but also shows the change of the world after reunification and his unfamiliar and melancholy state of mind, with rich implications.

2. A glass of wine sent Wan Li home, but Ran Yan didn't come back. ("The Fisherman's Pride Qiu Si" Fan Zhongyan)

Allusions:

Xerox Ran Yan-Using the allusions in the Biography of Dou Rong in the later Han Dynasty, Dou Xian led his troops to defeat the Xiongnu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and chased them all the way to Yanran Mountain.

Meaning and function of words:

Here, the poets revealed a psychological contradiction between themselves and the recruiters: they missed their hometown thousands of miles away, but there was no way to go back, because they did not achieve the purpose of making military achievements and making progress. The poet used allusions to interweave homesickness with feelings of worrying about the country and the people.

3. In order to report the whole city to the Taishou, kiss the tiger and see Sun Lang. ("Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" Su Shi)

Allusions:

Shoot the tiger and see Sun Lang-Sun Lang is Sun Quan. The History of the Three Kingdoms records that Sun Quan's mount was injured by a tiger during a trip, and he calmly killed the tiger in front of the horse.

Meaning and function of words:

The poet means to bow and shoot tigers in front of the horse like Sun Quan did in those days, which highlights that although the author is not young, he still has youthful pride.

4. When will Feng Tang deliver it? ("Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" Su Shi)

Allusions:

Send Feng Tang —— According to Records of Historical Records, Biography of Zhang Shizhi and Feng Tang, when Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Shang Wei was the satrap of Yunzhong, and made meritorious service against Xiongnu, but he was convicted and dismissed for overstating six heads. Later, Emperor Wendi took Feng Tang's advice and sent Feng Tang and Jeff to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei.

Meaning and function of words:

Here, the author uses Shang Wei as a metaphor to express the author's hope that the court can reuse itself, just as it sent Feng Tang to forgive Shang Wei.

5, bow like a full moon, look northwest, shoot Sirius. ("Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" Su Shi)

Allusions:

According to Jin Shu and Tian, Sirius was "invaded and plundered by the Lord".

Meaning and function of words:

It is used here to refer to the Xixia army that came from the northwest to disturb. The poet used this sentence to express his determination to serve the country, resist the invaders and make contributions.

6,800 miles below the main river, ... Ma Lu Zuo Kuaifei ("Broken Array, Give Zhuang Ci to Chen Tongfu" Xin Qiji)

Allusions:

800 Li-refers to cattle. According to "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", there is a good cow in Jin, whose name is "Ba Li Bo". Later poems often referred to "800 Li" as an ox.

Lu-a good horse name. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Records of Shu and Biography of Ancestors, Liu Bei was in distress in Jingzhou, and the horse he rode carried him out of danger.

Meaning and function of words:

This image describes the life of the army and shows the heroism of the anti-gold fighters.