What is the guarding management of Shengjing Palace Mausoleum?

The early management of the Imperial Palace in Shenyang, including institutions and officials, lacked systematic historical materials, which was more or less reflected in the records of Taizu and Taizong and the scattered records of the old files in Manchu Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Shengjing Palace became the capital palace, called Shengjing Palace, and the Qing court protected and repaired it accordingly. After Emperor Kangxi initiated the system of traveling east to Beijing, the management system of Shenyang Forbidden City tended to be perfect. The management of Shengjing Palace has added many related new contents, such as building new palaces, adding many buildings and transporting a large number of palace treasures.

There is no clear historical record of the early management organization of Shenyang Forbidden City. As the national center, the palace management should be under the direct jurisdiction of Huang Taiji at that time. In the sixth year of Tiancong (1632), Huang Taiji began to set up six departments, and the engineering buildings were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry, and the palace renovation was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry. However, due to the influence of the Eight Banners system, its officials and guards belong to different departments, so the management of Shengjing Palace is no exception. Shengjing Palace is guarded by two yellow flags and Bayara.

Diguangtang interior

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), he moved the capital to Beijing and the old system was eliminated. Only one minister, two deputy commanders and flags stationed in Beijing stayed in Shenyang. In three years, the garrison minister changed to Anbang Zhang Jing, and the governor was appointed Hou. Since then, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Housing, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Punishment and the Ministry of War have been re-established one after another, forming a special capital management system. At the same time, in the early years of Shunzhi, Shengjing Interior Office was established. Shengjing Interior Office is located in the southeast of Daqingmen. It is directly managed by General Shengjing and manages Shengjing Palace. All affairs related to the palace are generally undertaken by Shengjing's three assistants in charge of customs defense. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), Emperor Qianlong thought Shengjing was the most important place, so he put the Minister of Interior in charge and made it a perpetual decree. In February of the same year, he also cast the seal of Shengjing Interior Minister. By the end of Guangxu, General Shengjing was the general in charge of Shengjing, which further strengthened the effective management of Shengjing Palace.

In the Qing Dynasty, the management of Shengjing Palace covered a wide range, mainly including:

Palace Guard Before the Qing Dynasty, the palace guard system was formally established in April of the first year of Chongde (1636), which stipulated that the inner gate, the two-wing gate and the Daqing gate of Shengjing Palace should be provided with gatekeeper services, and strict guards should be established to check the people entering and leaving. Among them, the inner gate only allows the gatekeeper to serve directly, and no idle people are allowed to enter. Inspected by the personnel on duty.

During the Kangxi period after the Qing Dynasty, there were 678 watchmen at the entrance of Shengjing Palace. Eight years ago, there were nine guards (duty rooms) in Shengjing Palace, and there were 690 armour in Sanqi Guard Palace. In the 12th year of Qianlong, there were twelve guards inside and outside Shengjing Palace, with nine guards in each place and ten people, including * * *, each shift120a, and six shifts required * * *.

Renovation of the Palace There are few historical materials about the renovation of Shengjing Palace in the early Qing Dynasty. In August of the third year of Chongde (1638), Huang Zhengqi recorded Zhang Jing and Liu Guangxian, which made great contributions to the construction of Chongzhen main hall, and Huang Taiji ordered it to be upgraded to Lu Niu Zhang Jing. In April of the fifth year of Chongde, Ashan, Jinyu and Dong were appointed as officials to repair the Dugong Hall. These are the two records I have found so far.

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the buildings of Shengjing Palace began to be repaired during the Shunzhi period. For example, according to the archives of the Qing Dynasty in the early years of Kangxi, there were things to repair the Qingning Palace, buildings and temples. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), it was planned to repair Qingning Palace, Fenglou, Longlou and Chongzheng Hall. During the reign of Kangxi, the renovation activities of Shengjing Palace were more frequent than during the reign of Shunzhi. For example, in the eleventh year of Kangxi, Guanluo Palace, Yanqing Palace, Linzhi Palace and Yongfu Palace were rebuilt; In the thirteenth year of Kangxi, two auxiliary palaces on both sides of Qingning Palace were renovated; In the twentieth year of Kangxi, Chongzheng Hall was renovated, and the original ten pavilions were built into turrets.

Exterior location of Baoji Palace

During the Qianlong period, due to the strong financial resources, Emperor Qianlong carried out large-scale reconstruction and addition of Shengjing Palace, and the light was weakened. Due to the national financial resources and other factors, the transformation of Shengjing Palace is not as good as before. According to incomplete statistics, the renovation projects in Qianlong period include:

Eight years of Qianlong (1743): Rebuilding Chongzheng Hall, Longfei Pavilion and Xiangfeng Pavilion.

From March of the 11th year of Qianlong (1746) to March of 13th year (1748), Shishanzhai, Rihua Building, Xiezhongzhai and Xia Qi Building were newly built. Yihe hall, hanging flower door in front of the hall, east-west duty room in front of the hall, glazed door in front of the hall. Boundary Palace, Jingdian Pavilion Palace Gate, Jingdian Pavilion. The ground light hall, the east-west affiliated hall in front of the hall, the flower door in front of the hall, the east-west door, the east-west duty room outside the door, and the glazed door. Baoji Palace, there are sixteen cloisters around Baoji Palace. Jisi Zhai, Zuo Zhai and You Zhai are the east and west value rooms. Chongmo Pavilion, Seven Rooms, etc.

In the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), the sundial and Liu Jia were added. Rebuild the left and right doors and warehouses of Chongzheng Temple, and add platforms, pavilions and classrooms.

In the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), Room 13 of Luan Jia Lu Shu was rebuilt, and Li Dong, the internal affairs office of Shengjing.

In the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752), Shengjing Palace was rebuilt, and walls, courtyards, straight houses and roads were added.

Thirty-six years of Qianlong (177 1 year): Xiuwendefang and Wugongfang.

Forty-three years of Qianlong (1778): a screen was added behind the throne of the main hall, and the admonition wood was reset before the command. A building facing the south wall.

Forty-three years of Qianlong (1778): the former site of Jingyou Palace, east of Yu Daqing Gate of Shengjing Ancestral Temple, was moved, with five main halls, three in the east and three in the west, three in the east and three in the west wing, and three in the main entrance.

From forty-six years of Qianlong (178 1 year) to forty-eight years of Qianlong (1783): Wenshui Pavilion has six pagodas, twenty-five east-west corridors, one Ming building and five open corridors, with seventeen annex rooms in the south and six north-south wing rooms in the east. There is a stele pavilion, with three pavilions at the palace gate, seven pavilions at Yangxizhai, nine pavilions at the back of Yangxizhai, two pavilions in the wing and two pavilions in the east and west. There are five stalls in Jiayintang in front of Yangxizhai, two stalls in the left and right wing rooms, twenty-six stalls in the corner room and two stalls in the back room, and so on.

During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, the repair of Shengjing Palace decreased gradually, such as the renovation of Oi Palace in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804), the merger of Dazheng Hall and Wenshui Pavilion. From November of the eighth year of Daoguang (1828) to February of the ninth year of Daoguang (1829), there are fewer and fewer renovation works of Jiezhi Palace, Jisi Zhai Palace and Baoji Palace.

Management of Cultural Relics in the Palace Since Shengjing Palace became the palace for the Qing emperor to travel eastward, not only for the sake of not forgetting the ancestors' origin, but also for the needs of the emperor when he was stationed in Shengjing Old Palace, Emperor Qianlong specially ordered that jade models, records, Rong Sheng, jade treasures, jade books, gold and silver, jade articles, porcelain, calligraphy and painting, picture scrolls, etc. be transferred to Shengjing Palace for collection.

In the 11th year of Qianlong (1746), an imperial envoy, the pilgrimage training was recorded in Shengjing Zun Cang, which was originally hidden in Phoenix Terrace. In June of 1943, General Shengjing was ordered to choose a good luck and move to Chongmo Pavilion for the sake of reverence.

In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), the jade models were stored in Jingdian Pavilion, three times in twenty-five, thirty-three and forty-three years. Jade Dies were sent to Shengjing, and the generals, the five departments, the assistant minister and the prefect all bowed out of the suburbs to meet them. Drum music was led to the front of the Chongzheng Temple, where the treasure chest was displayed, kneeling three times and knocking nine times. On this auspicious day, officials from the Ritual Department of Shengjing were led to the Jingdiange, and officials below princes and generals were sent to the Caiting, where they knelt down and kowtowed three times. The rate of each member in the adjustment is the same as that of Shengjing No.5 Division, and it is respectfully submitted to Jingdian Pavilion to show respect for the vault. The record of hadith should be prepared according to the etiquette system, which is the same as sending jade to death.

Forty-five years later, he was ordered to redraw Mao's war map records in Shengjing.

There are a large number of archives in the archives collection of Liaoning Province, which involve the management of books, treasures, icons, records, sermons and jade models of the Qing emperors, as well as the transportation and collection of imperial vessels, furnishings and handicrafts, books and ink engravings, and involve many government offices of Shengjing General Government Office, Ritual Department and Shengjing Internal Affairs Office, such as Duhu Department and Chu Guangsi, for welcoming guests, honoring them and drying them.

From other historical materials in the archives of the Qing Dynasty, we can also learn the following contents about the management of Shengjing Palace:

Palace Fire Prevention: On the 17th day of the first month of the fourth year of Qianlong, Wang Hongxun of Duoluochun County was ordered to arrive in Shenyang due to the completion of the renovation project of Shengjing Palace. He suggested that Shengjing has a large number of household registration and surrounded the palace, so be careful with candles in the future. It is suggested to set up a bucket for tombs and palaces. This matter attracted the attention of the court. In the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), on March 20th, it was ordered to set up two mixing barrels in Dazheng Hall and four in Inner Hall, which were delivered to Shengjing Ministry of Industry for manufacture. It is the first palace fire prevention facility in Shengjing Palace, which was not available before.

Hanging Doors' Couplet: On the second day of November in the eighth year of Qianlong, a stone statue of Zuo Ling was printed in Shengjing Interior Office. Please remember to hang the doorman's couplet in Shengjing Palace. According to legend, when Emperor Qianlong was stationed in Shengjing Palace, he hung blessings, tapestries and couplets in Qingning Palace, and posted doormen and couplets at the door. The auspicious characters, tapestries and couplets hung in the palace, together with the three pairs of old gatekeepers and couplets at the Daqing Gate of Shengjing Palace, and the two pairs of gatekeepers and couplets at the front and rear doors of Fenghuang Building, should be well protected and hung in other palaces. Shengjing's internal affairs office has a protective function.

In addition, according to Qing Tongli, as a special system in Beijing, on the 5th, 15th and 25th of each month, the generals, lieutenants and officials of five departments, Fengtianfu and Chengde counties in Shengjing are arranged in front of the main hall, and a symbolic ceremony is held in the morning, which is called "sitting on duty". At that time, Shengjing Ministry of Industry managed ten able-bodied men to clean the ground in front of the hall. According to the Qing Hui Dian, every time New Year's Day (the first day of the first lunar month), the winter solstice and the birthday (the emperor's birthday) are the "three major festivals", Shengjing officials still hold a tribute ceremony in front of the Daxiong Hall.