How was the Warring States Period formed?

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are often regarded as an era. To understand how the Warring States Period was formed, we must start from the Spring and Autumn Period. The enfeoffment system in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty produced many vassal states, including 100. However, with the decline of the Zhou Emperor, wars broke out in various vassal states, among which the five dominant ones were wuyue of Qi, Jin and Chu, collectively known as the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, although the vassal states had wars, they often did not destroy each other, but mostly taught each other to grab resources in the name of Zhou. Countries dare not openly burn, kill and rob when they wage war, because at that time, many countries had no legitimate reason to destroy each other's countries. It was not until the three factions were divided into Jin that it marked the transition from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period.

Jin was a powerful vassal state in the Spring and Autumn Period, and its rights were mainly distributed in the hands of six families. Among them, Zhao, Han and Wei jointly eliminated other families. In 376 BC, Zhao carved up Jin, which formed a situation in which the other four powerful vassal States were divided into seven countries, marking the official entry from the Spring and Autumn Period into the Warring States Period.

During the Warring States period, the frequency of wars in various countries began to rise sharply, and large-scale wars broke out in various vassal States. For example, in the battle of Yin and Jin, the strength of Qin was as high as 500 thousand, and in the battle of Changping, the strength of Zhao was as high as 400 thousand. Compared with the Spring and Autumn Period, all countries in the Warring States Period will destroy each other and speak on their own strength.

During the Warring States period, various countries began to carry out reforms in order to consolidate their territory and develop their population. The famous ones are Wuqi Reform of Chu State and Shang Yang Reform of Qin State. During the Warring States period, the social system also changed. Slavery in the Spring and Autumn Period could not adapt to the development of various countries, and a feudal system began to appear. The foundation of feudal system is to own a large amount of land, which is also the reason why countries launch wars to expand their territories.

Compared with the Spring and Autumn Period, the productivity of the Warring States Period also improved. Originally, the tools and weapons used in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period were mostly bronzes, which was inconvenient to make. During the Warring States period, ironware was used in various fields and the living standard was improved. Because ironware is easy to manufacture, the weapons of various countries on the battlefield have also increased greatly, which indirectly promoted the scale of the war.

During the Warring States Period, China's academic and ideological circles developed rapidly, with a hundred schools of thought contending, which was called "a hundred schools of thought contending" in history. Until 22 1 year BC, Qin destroyed the other six countries and established the Qin Dynasty, which declared the end of the Warring States period.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the fundamental defect of the enfeoffment system-excessive territorial management, the political power of the Zhou royal family gradually became weak; From then on, the legitimate vassal States and barbarians in the east, west, north and south began to threaten or potentially threaten the status of the Zhou royal family; This threatening action of combining three kinds of "forces" to seize power and dominate led to mutual disputes among vassal States; As a result, wars broke out everywhere, and signs of chaos were flying everywhere.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, from about 450 BC to about 370 BC, the political and military contradictions represented by "Jin San Fen" intensified many times, which directly increased the intensity of the war in the Spring and Autumn Period, thus forming the generalized Warring States Period in 375 BC.

The symbol of the Warring States period is not the struggle for the sovereign rights of a unified country, but the struggle between vassal States under the situation of division. Take the most representative "three ethnic groups divided into Jin" as an example. The online statement reads: "Since Jin Wengong was appointed as the six ministers of the three armed forces in 633 BC, these six ministers have always held the military and political power of the State of Jin. When I first arrived, there was a conflict between Han, Zhao, Wei, Zhi, Fan and the Bank of China. Later, after Zhao destroyed Fan and Bank of China, in 453 BC, he joined forces with Han and Wei to destroy Zhi, and the official position of the State of Jin existed in name only. In 403 BC, King Wei Lie of Zhou made Han Qian, Evonne and Wei Si princes. By 376 BC,, and Zhao carved up the State of Jin.

As a big vassal state, the fact that the State of Jin was divided up has important historical and research significance. Moreover, the "three tribes divided into Jin" was like the wind, which caused layers of stormy waves for further vassal wars. Therefore, Liu Xiang, a historian of the Han Dynasty, separated the Spring and Autumn Period from the Warring States Period, and defined the division of Jin among the three factions as the watershed between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and as the battle that directly led to the formation of the Warring States Period.

The Warring States period is different from the previous Spring and Autumn Period. Simply understood, during the Spring and Autumn Period, most of them robbed each other of territory, but no big country was completely eliminated. In the Warring States period, powerful countries began to annex weak countries.

First, the overall situation 1, the phenomenon of big countries annexing neighboring small countries began to appear.

2. Great powers in various regions began to strengthen their national strength and destroy their opponents through spontaneous reforms, strategies and alliances.

Second, judging from several important events, the development of the Warring States was chaotic. Simply from a few key times, we can see how the Warring States period was formed:

1, Wuyue Chunqiu

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the powerful State of Wu once bullied the southern State of Yue, but He Lv, the king of Wu, died at the hands of Gou Jian, the king of Yue. Fu Cha, the son of He Lv, avenged himself and directly destroyed Yue. However, Fu Cha was so arrogant that Gou Jian staged a famous drama of "eating and drinking". Then twenty years later, Wu was destroyed by Gou Jian.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the incomparably powerful boss Wu disappeared.

2. The three tribes are divided into Jin.

As superpowers in the Spring and Autumn Period, the three subordinate families of Korea, Zhao and Wei were too powerful, which split the State of Jin into Korea, Zhao and Wei, and their strength was not lost to the countries in the front row of the Warring States Period, among which Wei was the strongest at first.

3. Tian

Originally, the surname of Tian replaced the surname of Chiang Kai-shek handed down from Jiang Ziya. Yan Ying predicted that he would "return home from death". Although there is no great virtue in the field, private rights are public, virtue is for the people, and the people love it. "

4, wai Wei to save Zhao

South Korea, Zhao and Wei, which were separated from the State of Jin, were the strongest and often attacked Zhao and South Korea. In order not to let Wei succeed, every time Wei attacked Zhao and Han, Qi attacked Wei's stronghold. Everyone is familiar with Pang Juan of Wei and Sun Bin of Qi.

5, the five countries cut qi

Qi annexed Song State, which was among the great powers, and attacked Qi State together with Zhao Han Qin Weiyan, five other great powers, and Qi State was defeated.

Third, the process at the end of the Warring States Period-after the Seven Chivalrous Men competed for hegemony, the seven most powerful countries remained, the well-known Seven Chivalrous Men of the Warring States Period: Chyi Chin, Chu, Han Yan, Zhao and Wei, and the next progress:

1, political reform and innovation

In addition to the familiar Shang Yang Reform of Qin State, in fact, other countries in the Warring States period also experienced several reforms, but they were not as effective as the Qin State Reform.

The political reform of Wei, King Wuling of Zhao rode and shot Hu Fu, and Wuqi of Wei was framed and went to Chu to carry out the political reform of Wuqi. Among them, Yan Zhaowang sent Le Yi to Yan, and Le Yi asked Jing Ke to assassinate Ying Zheng.

2. Combine Lian Heng's outbreeding and close attack.

Yan Su Qin lobbied the six eastern countries to deal with the western Qin state, which was an alliance;

Zhang Yi of Qin fooled several countries in the middle to cooperate and attack the countries in the north and south. This is Lian Heng;

Fan Ju, the State of Qin, suggested that the State of Qin make friends with the distant States of Qi and Chu and jointly attack the nearby Han, Zhao and Wei. This is a far-reaching attack.

After Shang Yang's political reform, the State of Qin began to take advantage of Lian Heng's far Tomochika to gain hegemony step by step.

3. Qin destroyed the six countries

Qin destroyed the weakest south Korea first, and then completely destroyed Zhao after the battle of Changping, and Zhao was the second to be destroyed;

Next, Wang Ben, the son of Wang Jian, a general of Qin State, flooded Wei State and destroyed it.

Chu didn't realize that he was fooled by Yi Cheung until he was beaten to the door, and the fourth one was destroyed.

The strength of the northern Yan state is too poor. Although there is Su Qin's plan, it is fierce, and Jing Ke's thorn, Yan is beyond saving, and the five countries are destroyed.

Qi, which had been cooperating with Qin's distant attack, was finally wiped out by Qiang Qin of the five countries, and finally the country was destroyed.

Finally, this is the process from the beginning to the end of the Warring States Period. I hope it will help you understand the whole picture of the warring States period.

The formation of the Warring States period was due to the change of the political situation, which had obvious changes compared with the previous Spring and Autumn Period. The vassal States and nations no longer focus on hegemony, but turn to annex land and strive for greater living space. Because there was no absolutely powerful vassal state to replace the Zhou royal family in this period, but there were seven vassal States of Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei to check and balance each other. They attacked each other and kept fighting. These countries are also called "belligerents".

The Warring States period belongs to the second half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Before the Warring States Period was the Spring and Autumn Period, which was the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Together, the two parts are the complete Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Then someone asked: Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period together are the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, why should the Eastern Zhou Dynasty be divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? The reason is that the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period include the complete Eastern Zhou Dynasty, but the Eastern Zhou Dynasty cannot completely include the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by Qin in 256 BC, the world was not yet unified. It has been 35 years since Qin Shihuang annexed six countries to unify the world (Qin Shihuang established the Qin Dynasty in 22 1 BC), which was neither the Eastern Zhou Dynasty nor the Qin and Han Dynasties. In addition, there are obvious changes in the second half and the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, so the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods. The first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was called the Spring and Autumn Period. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period was formed to meet the needs of the situation.

Formed two landmark events in the Warring States period, and the three tribes were divided into Jin.

In the Spring and Autumn Period before the three schools divided into Jin, the pattern of the Central Plains was basically dominated by the four forces of Jin, Chu, Qin and Qi, which was the so-called "Spring and Autumn Four Forces". However, with the development and internal changes of Jin and Qi, the imperial system was gradually eroded by the QingDafu family, so that it was eventually replaced by the QingDafu family.

In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of the State of Jin (Jin Wengong) constantly reformed for political needs. Therefore, the military organization of the State of Jin was extended to the three armed forces, each of which had a general and an assistant, and was managed by Liu Qing. From then on, the military and political power of Jin was gradually mastered by Liu Qing. Although Jin Wengong's original intention is to let these ministers help him to govern the country, they are eroding the power of the monarch while helping to govern the country.

Therefore, the power of Qing Dafu is getting stronger and stronger, which leads to the power of the monarch of Jin State getting weaker and weaker. Finally, hundreds of years later, Qing Dafu, who was in charge of the military and political power of the State of Jin, and their descendants became grave diggers of the State of Jin.

When these Qingdafu families gained real power, they began to use their own armed forces to expand their territory, so they fought with each other. Just like the feudal lords contending for hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, some feudal lords merged, some became powerful, and so did these great ministers who were in power in the State of Jin. Among them, Siqing, Hu, Xian, Shi and Xu died one after another, and then Luan, Fan and Bank of China were destroyed, leaving only four branches: Zhi, Han, Zhao and Wei.

Among the four families, Zhishi was the most influential, and Zhiyao, the owner of Zhishi, was an official of the State of Jin, who was in charge of the State of Jin (by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin had lost its dominant position). As the ruling minister, Zhiyao came up with a way to make the state of Jin strong again, so that each family could share some land to enhance the strength of the monarch of the state of Jin, and then lead the state of Jin to be consistent with the outside world.

Although Zhifu's idea was only for the sake of the state of Jin, it touched the interests of the three families. These three families naturally don't want to give up their land. However, due to the influence of Zhiyao family, Han and Wei families still gave up their land, but Zhao insisted on not giving it, so Zhiyao joined forces with Han and Wei to attack Zhao. As the most influential family among the four families, with the help of Han and Wei, Scott can be said to have no chance of winning.

However, at the last minute, Zhao persuaded the Han and Wei families, and the situation changed. The three tribes of Zhi, Han and Wei attacked Zhao, while the three tribes of Han, Zhao and Wei attacked Zhi. Finally, Zhi's fist was defeated by the three clans, and Zhi's land was divided equally by the three clans, and he was forced to leave the State of Jin. Then the three clans carved up the only land in the state of Jin, and at this time the three clans also had the power to rank among the princes.

Finally, in 403 BC, the three clans sent envoys to Zhoudu to see the Emperor of Zhou (King Wei Lie of Zhou) and demanded to become a vassal. At this time, the king of Zhou had already stood aside, even more declining than in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Even if he doesn't admit it, it's no use. So King Wei Lie of Zhou gave in and formally established Han, Zhao and Wei as vassals.

Tian

At the same time (the end of the Spring and Autumn Period), Tian's strategy was to implement the New Deal first and win the hearts of the people. In the army, master power. After a hundred years of operation, Tian won the support of the people and the people of Qi, thus achieving the goal of manipulating Qi. At this time, Tian almost owned Qi. Later, in 386 BC, with the help of Wei Wenhou, Tian He was officially conferred as a vassal by the Zhou Emperor. From then on, Shi Tian of Qi completely replaced the regime of Lu.

If Tian and his ancestors entered Qi, the experience of Lu entering Qi in Tian Dynasty lasted for 286 years. Chen Wan, the ancestor and son of the Tian family in Qi State. Because of the civil strife in Chen, he defected to Jiang Qi and began to run his own power in Qi. By the time Sun Tian, the fourth generation of Tian family, had no space, Tian had already had a great influence in Qi, which also laid the foundation for Tian cutting Qi.

Later, Tian Wuyu's son, Tian Ji, served as the minister of Qi, during which Tian began to win the hearts of the people. By the time Tian He's father, Tianzhuangzi, Tian's power in Qi had reached its zenith. Although he has not yet become the monarch of Qi, Tian has been able to completely manipulate the state affairs of Qi, just to win the help of the vassal allies and become a vassal. Later, Tian He exiled Qi Kanggong to the island in 39 1 BC and became the monarch of Qi. Tian Daiqi also reached the final stage, eventually replacing the Lu regime of Qi State.

Summary:

After two landmark events, namely, "Three clans divided into Jin" and "Tian Faqi", the pattern of Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei was formally formed. In addition to these seven big countries, there are more than a dozen small countries left abroad. These remaining vassal States were called "vassal States" at that time because they fought for years, but the word "vassal States" did not serve as the name of the times until the book "Warring States Policy" edited by Liu Xiang came out at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and the period after the Spring and Autumn Period was called "Warring States Period".

From the above, we know that the formation of the Warring States Period is the beginning of the Warring States Period. However, this is not the direct cause of the formation of the Warring States Period. The formation of the Warring States period was due to the great changes in the political situation at that time.

After the hegemony war in the Spring and Autumn Period, by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there were only more than 20 princes left from the original hundreds. Although the number of vassals has been greatly reduced, the population and land have not decreased, and they are basically concentrated in the hands of seven powerful warring States vassals, and some of the remaining land has also been annexed by more than a dozen small countries. Although wealth has been concentrated and the remaining countries have become stronger, they have lost their strategic buffer space and can only face brutal competition directly.

Moreover, with the concentration of resources, the scale of the war has been greatly improved compared with the Spring and Autumn Period. In the face of fierce mutual attacks, the primary goal of vassal states is to survive, and the only way to make their countries strong is to enrich them, so countries began to carry out a series of political reforms, such as the reform of Wei, the reform of Wuqi in Chu, the reform of Shang Yang in Qin, the reform of Shen Buhai in South Korea, and the riding and shooting of Zhao.

Due to frequent attacks and wars between countries, countries can only form stronger armed forces, which also makes the scale of wars often hundreds of thousands or even nearly one million. This is not the hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period, but the survival. This survival land war replaced the previous hegemonic war, so countries were called "belligerents".

Moreover, the laws and systems in the Spring and Autumn Period can no longer be applied to the new era. For example, the use of iron and the popularization of Niu Geng improved the level of productivity, thus gradually disintegrating the well-field system that existed in the Spring and Autumn Period; Rites and music in the new era have completely collapsed, and the self-reliance of Sanjin Tianjia is an example. These undoubtedly do not mean that the Spring and Autumn Period has become a thing of the past. The survival rule of the new era is "the strong survive and the weak are eliminated", until one of the princes replaced the Zhou royal family, ending this troubled times that lasted for hundreds of years.

Text/History Mozi Museum

Recall more history, and the next issue will be more exciting.

The Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed the land and the princes. There was unified management at the beginning. However, due to the lack of leaders' ability, various princes separated themselves. On the other hand, due to poor management, the vassal States competed with each other and annexed territories, which led to the annexation of other vassal States by several big vassal States, and the strength of the remaining big vassal States was equal, which eventually formed a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period ... As for the legend of the feudal system in the Zhou Dynasty, we can learn from it.

The formation of the Warring States should also follow the demise of the Zhou Dynasty, saying that the Warring States should not say the Spring and Autumn Period first.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period lasted for five hundred years, which was the first chaos in the history of China. At the same time, the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period can also be said to be the history of the whole Eastern Zhou Dynasty. After the establishment of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, although the dominance and prestige of the Zhou royal family gradually declined, it was nominally the * * * Lord of the vassal States. It was not until 249 BC that the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by Lv Buwei, the State of Qin, that it officially perished. however

One: Spring and Autumn Period

The Western Zhou Dynasty ruled the world with rites and music, based on the feudal system and patriarchal clan system. "Han Shu Wang Biao" said, "Last week, I supervised the second generation, making it five ranks and sealing the country 800." It can be seen that the king of Zhou enfeoffed the world to princes to establish a country. The princes were the supreme rulers of their respective feudal countries, and the vassal countries also had great independent power. However, due to the ritual and music system and the patriarchal clan system, the governors were all under the orders of the Zhou king. During the 275 years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the vassal Wang Yizhi maintained the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, and Zhou Youwang succeeded to the throne in 78 1 BC, which was the last dynasty of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Since Zhou Liwang, the domestic contradictions in the Zhou Dynasty have become increasingly acute. By the time we arrived in Zhou Youwang, the rule of the Zhou Dynasty had gone from bad to worse. At that time, there was a great earthquake in Wang Ji and Guanzhong. Due to successive years of natural disasters, social unrest has intensified. After Zhou Youwang succeeded to the throne, he made no progress. Later, Zhou Youwang was praised by beautiful women who praised the country, but this kind of praise never smiled after he entered the palace. In order to win praise, the later "war drama princes" came. The local princes thought that the dog was coming and led the military forces of the headquarters to come to the rescue quickly. When they reached the foot of Mount Li, they found that they had been teased by Zhou Youwang. From then on, various governors were dissatisfied, and Zhou Youwang did it several times in a row, leaving him alone, which also led to the clamor of dogs in the future and eventually led to the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Two: The Warring States Period began.

As we all know, the Zhou Dynasty laid the patriarchal clan system in China for thousands of years, the core of which is the eldest son inheritance system. In order to further consolidate his position, Zhou Youwang won more praise and even destroyed the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty. He ordered the abolition of the Prince's mortar and the later Shen Shi family, so he had to take the Prince back to his father, Shen Hou. Zhou Youwang forced Shen Hou to hand over the queen and the prince, and sent troops to attack Shen Hou. Shen Hou decided to strike first. In 77 1 year BC, Shen Hou and Gou Rong attacked the Zhou royal family and attacked Tiaojing. Zhou Youwang heard the news of Dog Rong's attack and panicked. He quickly ordered the beacon to be lit. But the princes ignored it because they had been fooled by war dramas before. Dog Rong attacked Haojing, was killed, praised and captured, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was completely destroyed. Zhou Pingwang, the first ruler of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was a prince who had been abolished before. At this time, because most of the land in the west of Zhou Dynasty had been occupied by Xirong, Zhou Pingwang was worried that it was difficult to protect the capital. In 770 BC, under the escort of Qin Jun, the capital was moved to Luoyi (now Luoyang), and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began to be established. In history, this move was called moving the capital to Pingdong, and this year was the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period.

After Pingdong moved to the east, it was decided to raise Qin, but at this time, the Zhou royal family had no land to raise, so it promised that the western land occupied by Qin would be owned by Qin, so it began to attack Xirong, and successively won the land occupied by Xirong in the Zhou Dynasty and became a western power. In the East, Jin in Shanxi today, Qi and Lu in Shandong, Chu in Hubei, Yan in northern Hebei, and Wu and Yue, which later rose in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, gradually became powerful countries after annexing some small countries around them. Since then, the fierce scene of great power hegemony has lasted for hundreds of years, and the land of China has begun to enter the first period of chaos. In 403 BC, Wei, a doctor of the State of Jin, carved up the land of the State of Jin and formed three vassal states. At this point, the Warring States period began.

The formation of the Warring States period is closely related to an important event that happened at that time, that is, the three ethnic groups were divided into Jin.

The "Three Jin Dynasties" is an important turning point in the history of China.'s History as a Mirror begins with this incident, while some China historians regard the "Three Jin Dynasties" as the beginning of feudal society, instead of Qin Shihuang unifying the six countries.

Then we should talk about the state of Jin first.

The state of Jin was established very early. The first monarch was Tang Shuyu, the son of Ji Fa in Zhou Wuwang and the brother of Song Ji in Zhou Chengwang.

According to records, Zhou Chengwang and his younger brother Yu Shu were playing in the park. They picked a tung leaf, cut it into the shape of laurel, and gave it to his brother: seal you up with this! Duke Zhou asked to choose an auspicious day to hold the ceremony of enfeoffment. Cheng Wang said, I am playing with my brother. Duke Zhou said: The son of heaven is not joking. As long as you say it, the historian will record it and you have to do it. In this way, the people of the world will believe in you.

So he gave Tang's land to his younger brother, the later state of Jin.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin was one of the most powerful countries in the north. Defeated the forces of Qi, Chu and Qin for many times and dominated the Central Plains. During the Warring States Period, Qi, Chu and Qin were still alive on the historical stage, but the State of Jin disappeared.

This is because, in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, the influence of Qing Dafu under the monarch of Jin State became more and more powerful. They gradually mastered the state power and put the monarch's power in the air, becoming their puppets. They are Han, Zhao, Wei, Fan, Bank of China and Zhishi.

These six families all have their own spheres of influence, and their ambitions are growing in order to expand their influence. To this end, their six families launched a fierce struggle. Later, Zhao defeated the connoisseur and Fan, United Zhi, Han and Wei, and carved up their fiefs.

The wise family is the most powerful of these four families. He wanted to kill the king of Jin and replace him, but he was afraid that the other three clans would compete with him for power. So he said: Now the monarch is going to cross the country, and now each of you will give the monarch 100 mu of land. At that time, both the Han family and the Wei family were afraid of the wise man's family and surrendered their land obediently, but the Zhao family didn't buy the account of the wise man's family. Zhao family said: the land was left to me by my ancestors, and I can't give it away casually. Otherwise, I will be ashamed to see my ancestors when I die.

The wise family joined forces with the Han and Wei Dynasties to attack the Zhao family which was in power by Zhao Xiangzi at that time. He was ready to run and asked his entourage: Where should I go?

The waiter said, go to the eldest son city, where the walls are thick and complete.

Zhao Xiangzi: The people finally finished building the city wall and let them risk their lives to defend the city for me. They certainly wouldn't do that.

The waiter said: there is plenty of food and grass in Handan city. Let's go to Handan.

Zhao Xiangzi: We finally accumulated a little property, but now we were killed by the war. They certainly wouldn't do that. Let's go to Jinyang, the site of my late Lord is there. If we go there, the people will definitely be able to work for me.

Later, the three armies of Zhi, Han and Wei surrounded Jinyang City, but they could not attack it for a long time, which led to the flooding of Jinjiang and flooded Jinyang City. Zhi Yao made a tour of the water potential and smiled: It turns out that water can also make a country perish.

When Zhiyao came home, one of his advisers said to him, Han and Wei will be antagonistic.

Zhiyao: Why?

The counselor said: The combination of the three armies will destroy the Zhao family soon, but I think Wei and Han Kang are not happy at all. On the contrary, I am very sad, so Han Wei will object.

Why does Han Wei look anxious?

It turns out that the capital of Wei is near Fenshui, while the capital of South Korea is near Jiangshui. If Ji Yao kills them in the same way, it will be easy.

In the evening, an envoy was sent to see Han and Wei, and said to them, "You heard that your lips are dead and your teeth are cold. Now the wise family is working with you against Zhao. If the Zhao family dies, it will be your turn next. " .

Han Wei: We are also worried about this. Why don't the three of us join hands to kill Zhijia first?

That night, Han Wei went back, killed the guards guarding the river bank, and flooded the camp in Zhijia. Zhao Xiangzi bashed head-on, and the three families joined forces to eliminate Zhishi.

After the Zhi family was destroyed by Han, Zhao and Wei, the land was divided equally. In 403 BC, King Zhou Wei officially named the Three Kingdoms as waiting countries.

Therefore, Han, Zhao and Wei are also called "Sanjin".

China officially entered the Warring States Period from the Spring and Autumn Period.

Conclusion: "Three clans divided into Jin" is an epoch-making event in the history of China, which marked the disintegration of the old social system and made Zhou's power even weaker. Historians regard Ji as the dividing point of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

You can see the clue from the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Qi Huangong was the first dominant descendant, followed by Jin, Chu and Qin. As for the Five Overlords, the Five Mountains or the Song Dynasty, it doesn't really matter.

The pattern of the Warring States Period originated earlier from the enfeoffment of the Zhou Emperor, and all the rich land of China was enfeoffment to the Ji surname of the Zhou Dynasty. As for the lesser ones, they were awarded to meritorious ministers, followed by remote places. For example, the ancestors of the Qin dynasty raised horses for the Zhou emperor, so they fenced off a piece of land, that is, they kept the border according to the pattern.

Finally, the exile-style enfeoffment system, such as Chu and Yan, is more remote in North Korea.

Zhou began to decline because of the disobedience of conquering Chu, and later lost the prestige of giving orders to the world because of the bonfire of governors.

The Spring and Autumn Period began from this period of history.

The Spring and Autumn Period is a story of the strong rise of remote vassal states and the mutual annexation of various vassal states of Ji surname in the Central Plains.

I can't help it It turns out that Zhou's starting point is very good. He divided the rich territory of the Central Plains into clansmen, and the vassal states with active ministers were responsible for guarding the Zhou Dynasty and clansmen.

Alas, the human heart is insufficient and the snake swallows the elephant. The chaos began with these people, and the rise of Jin alone swallowed up many vassal States named Ji.

Finally, following suit, Zhou could not rule the world, and the Ji clan was in civil strife, which led to the vassal States abandoning discipline and establishing the jungle law of the jungle.

After all, there are many people in the rich land, so the territory is very small. As long as the boss can't live, it's normal to be annexed. It is normal for family members to be swallowed, and people with other surnames are even more rude.

Ji clan was the first wave to be eliminated, and most of these vassal States were almost eliminated in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, several relatively strong or well-maintained vassal States survived.

To make matters worse, the state of Jin annexed so many imperial vassal States, but it was finally divided up by Han, Zhao and Wei. Typical discord between the rich and the poor is cheaper than other people's stories.

As a result, the rise of remote vassal States, the demise and partition of the vassal States named Ji, finally formed the pattern of seven heroes in the Warring States.

Everything, talk about the essence.

With the arrival of the Warring States period, it was said in ancient times that the ceremony collapsed and the music was bad. The ceremony collapsed and the music was rotten. What was the essence?

It is the old aristocratic system that has become an obstacle to social development. Faced with the pressure of survival, vassal States began to reform the old aristocratic system in order to overtake in the competition.

First of all, members of society have a comprehensive reflection on the old system and a comprehensive discussion on the future society. This is a unique contention of a hundred schools of thought in China society.

With the deepening of the discussion, the theory has been applied to reality, and in the surging reform, civilians have stepped onto the political stage and dominated the new era.

This era is the Warring States period.

Thank you for your question. This is what Lao Bai said. I hope my answer can help you.

There are several reasons for the formation of the Warring States period.

First, after frequent hegemony and wars in the Spring and Autumn Period, a large number of vassal states perished. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, there were more than one hundred vassal states. When the Seven Heroes of the Warring States competed for hegemony, there were only seven in one * * *. Due to the further concentration of the wealthy population, the scale and frequency of wars in the Warring States period began to rise sharply.

According to incomplete statistics, during the Warring States period, there were more than 200 wars, and the warring forces of both sides were hundreds of thousands at any time. For example, in the battle of Yin and Jin, the army of Qin State was as high as 500,000. In the battle of Changping, Zhao's troops alone reached 400 thousand.

Second, changes in the social system. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the original slavery could not better adapt to social development and began to disintegrate gradually, but due to the further concentration of territory, wealth and population. The feudal system began to take shape, and the foundation of the feudal system was land. In order to compete for land, countries began a large-scale war.

Third, the improvement of productivity. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, production tools began to be replaced by iron. Due to the development of productive forces, living conditions have also been greatly improved, and living standards have also improved. Weapons also began to change dynasties, which led to the expansion of the scale of the war.