What folk activities are there from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month?

Sacrifice to the god of wealth: it is the main content of the second day of the first month. On this day, both shops and ordinary families will hold activities to worship the god of wealth. Families offered sacrifices to the God of Wealth who arrived on New Year's Eve. In fact, the bought rough printed matter was incinerated. I want to eat wonton at noon this day, commonly known as "Yuanbao soup". Fish and mutton were used as sacrifices. On this day, big businesses in old Beijing held large-scale sacrificial activities, offering sacrifices with "five sacrifices", that is, whole pig, whole sheep, whole chicken, whole duck and red live carp, hoping to make a fortune this year.

Who is the God of Wealth? The statement is not unified. Because he is a fictional character in legend, his background is naturally different. To sum up, the god of wealth should belong to the category of Taoism.

Zhao Gongming, also known as Zhao Xuantan, was ordered by Zhang Tianshi to take care of the mysterious altar. This man came from The Romance of Gods, and Jiang Ziya named him "Tan Xuan, the God of Dragon and Tiger". Zhao Minglang, also known as Zhao's teacher, is the god of Xuanwu in Taoism. This sentence comes from "Three Religions Seeking God", and the full name of the holy name is: "Master Zhao Yuanshi, General Manager of Zheng Qing-Tan Xuan Flying Tiger Golden Wheel".

Bigan: My uncle Yin was dug up because of his loyalty and honesty. Because it was "unintentional", it was impartial. Later, people regarded it as a god of wealth, and it was recorded in Historical Records Yin Benji. Fan Li: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the minister of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, helped the King of Yue defeat the State of Wu. Later, he made a fortune in business and changed his name to Tao Zhugong. Later generations regarded him as the god of wealth.

Guan Yu: Guan Yu in The Three Kingdoms is an omnipotent figure who values loyalty most. Later generations treated "righteousness" and "profit" equally and regarded them as the god of wealth. Generally speaking, Guan Yu is worshipped by many firms and thinks that he has a protective effect on them.

Among the above-mentioned gods of wealth, Fan Li and Bigan are called the gods of wealth, and Zhao Gong Shi Tian and Guan Yu are Wu Caishen. In addition, there are people who worship Taibai Star and call it the "King of Fortune Stars". Because Venus is also called Venus, and it will be the god of wealth. Others regard the Monkey King and the lucky boy as the gods of wealth.

Most of the folk offerings are made by Zhao Gongming, whose impression is very powerful, with dark face, thick beard, wearing a helmet and holding a whip, surrounded by cornucopia, big gold ingot, coral and other patterns, which set off a rich and luxurious effect.

Breaking Five: The fifth day of the first month is called "Breaking Five". There are too many taboos from the first day to the fifth day, so don't "act rashly". After the fifth day, the New Year's Eve dinner is basically over, and taboos are no longer prohibited. Women no longer taboo, began to visit each other and congratulate each other. Newly-married women also return to their parents' homes on this day, calling it "mothering". The company is preparing to open the market the next day. Early the next morning, the shopkeeper led the guys to burn incense and percentage, and put paper money, grain and Oracle Bone Inscriptions on sesame stalks for burning, which was called "sending the gods". Then the "market opening" officially opened.

People's Day: The seventh day of the first month is called "People's Day", also called "People's Victory Day" and "Seven Yuan". From the first day of the first month to the eighth day of the first month, according to Taoism, the birth order of everything in the world is divided into chicken day, dog day, dog day, sheep day, ox day, horse day, human day and valley day. On the seventh day of the first month, the weather was fine and the population was safe and smooth in the first year. On this day, people will eat "box dishes" (cooked meat food) of spring pancake rolls and spread pancakes in the yard to smoke the sky.

Shunxing: The eighth day of the first month is the day of "the lower bound of stars", and people worship the stars on this day, which is called Shunxing. Sacrifice uses two symbols, the first one is printed with Xingke, Suzaku and Xuanwu. And the second is "the longevity star king, the core monument of life". Two sheets were stacked one after the other, clipped on paper clips and placed in the middle of the back of the table in the yard for worship. There is a snuff twisted with yellow and white lantern paper dipped in sesame oil in front of the Oracle. Put it into a "lamp bowl" with a diameter of one inch, or light it with 49 lamps or 108 lamps. Then cook Yuanxiao and green tea. After dusk, sacrifice the Beidou as the target. After the sacrifice, when the residual lamp will be extinguished, the sacred scriptures and incense roots will be incinerated together with sesame stems and pine and cypress branches to be sacrificed.

Welcome to spring: On the day when spring begins, the government in Beijing is very busy. In the Ming dynasty, the ceremony of welcoming the spring was complicated, and it was necessary to go to the "spring field" five miles outside Dongzhimen to welcome the spring. Officials in Beijing and all government agencies must wear neat official uniforms. In accordance with the provisions of the honor ceremony, making spring cattle, wicker whip, etc. And held a welcoming ceremony. Then enter the palace to meet the officials. The Qing dynasty was slightly simplified, but it was still necessary to be a local ox and willow whip. The yamen whipped the cattle with wicker three times, which is called "whipping spring", which means to persuade farmers. Jing led two groups of students into the university to congratulate. Folk eating small carrots is called "biting spring".

2? Temple fair market

During Xinzheng Festival, there are special temple fairs, trade fairs and playgrounds in Beijing.

Changdian: The place of "visiting Changdian" in old Beijing, outside today's Heping Gate, at the intersection of Liulichang Street and Xinhua Street. It is famous for Liulichang Cultural Street. This is the northeast suburb of Liao and Jin Dynasties. The Liao Dynasty was called Wanghai Village, and the Jin Dynasty was called Haiwangzhuang. In the Yuan Dynasty, an official kiln was built here to burn glazed tiles. In the Ming Dynasty, it was one of the five major factories under the Ministry of Industry. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the glazed kiln was demolished and the name of the glazed factory was still retained. There is a city here, which was originally a lamp market. In the late Kangxi period, the lantern market in the inner city of dengshikou moved here. New year's market is gradually emerging. In the sixth year of the Republic of China, Wang Haicun Park was built and a large market was held. During the Qianlong period, the library of Sikuquanshu was opened, and the number of bookstores here suddenly flourished, reaching more than 220 at most. The factory is a specific market, which mainly displays cultural relics, calligraphy and painting, copybooks, epigraphy, jewelry, jade and other handicrafts. Followed by flavor snacks, such as rice cakes, Yuanxiao, Aiwowo, tea soup, enema, bean curd, fried liver and so on, which are very rich. The most distinctive feature of the factory is the three-foot long Sugar-Coated Berry. It has almost become a sign of visiting the factory. Factory Dian is also a paradise for children to buy "playing goods". There are glazed popper, cloth popper, windmill, diabolo, earth axe, Jiangmi people, clay sculpture, monkey play, zongzi people, masks, nine-ring rings, bamboo snakes, wax fruits, dolls, westerns, flower cones, sleeve arrows, slingshots and so on, which are very popular.

Beijingers always like to visit factories and shops. During the cold period of the "Residual Light Temple" in the Qing Dynasty, more than 200,000 people still visited the factory, equivalent to one fifth of the population of Beijing. According to statistics, there were nearly a thousand vendors in the factory during the Spring Festival. 1960, the factory fair was interrupted. 1963 The market resumed during the Spring Festival, with more than 750 booths. It is said that this time there are the most tourists, with 4 million people. After the Cultural Revolution, the factory closed.

God of Wealth Temple: Liuli Bridge outside Guang 'anmen, the former God of Wealth Temple in Wuxian County, is a typical annual temple fair. Every year, on the second day of the first month, when the god of wealth sacrifices, this is the most popular place for incense. Some pilgrims come outside the temple in the middle of the night to wait for "competing for the first incense". At that time, in order to facilitate the transportation of pilgrims, there will be exclusive "pull-foot" cars and little donkeys for riding outside the major traffic routes such as Caishikou and Guang 'anmen, which will invisibly add amusement to the temple fair.

The temple fair here was closed in the 1950s. 1987 when the overpass was built, the temple was demolished, and there are still two ancient trees as the only remains of the temple.

Temple of Fire: In Changdian. The temple fair period is basically the same as the factory market. In the temple fair market of the Temple of Fire, the goods are "high-grade", and most of the stalls are merchants of jewelry stores. This kind of stall is called "red stall". Even some businessmen of foreign companies set up stalls here to sell some precious diamonds and jewels, and some companies brought treasures and put them on the stalls to show off. It is precisely because of this that some people call this practice of displaying treasures "hanging treasures." This is also a feat of jewelry stores during the New Year Festival.

Baiyun Temple: This is the ancestral temple of Quanzhen Longmen Sect of Taoism, and it is called the first jungle of Quanzhen Taoism. It is located outside Xibianmen, north of the thermal power plant. The temple opens on the first day of the first month of every year and closes on the afternoon of 19. In addition to the general temple fair, there are two distinctive activities: "touching the stone monkey" and "playing with money". There is a stone monkey relief at the lower right of the mountain gate. If the pilgrim is ill, just touch the stone monkey and he will be well. Baiyun Temple has five similar stone monkey reliefs, which are said to be the most spiritual here. As for the "money eye", it is a counterfeit project of real money and silver. The stone bridge in the yard is called "Wofeng Bridge". There is no water under the bridge. In bridge opening, a Taoist priest sat intently with his eyes closed. Above, in front of and behind his head, there is a big money shape made of cardboard, and a copper bell is hung in the square hole of the money. The pilgrims hit the copper bell in the cave with a copper plate, which is called "hitting the money eye". Whoever hits it will have a good year.

There are many activities in the temple. On the Shunxing day of the eighth day of the first month, pilgrims came to the Chen Yuan Hall of the temple to offer sacrifices to the star master of their own animal year, which is called "offering sacrifices to stars". The ninth day of the first lunar month is the birthday of the jade emperor, and the prosperity of incense can be imagined. The lantern show during the Lantern Festival attracted many tourists. The most prominent activity of the temple is "Meeting the Immortals". Legend has it that the 19th day of the first month is Qiu Zhenren's birthday. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/8, the immortal came here in disguise. You can meet anyone who has a destiny. Provoked good men and women to stay up all night, just to become attached to the gods. The next morning, there was a "banquet for Qiu Hui", also known as the "banquet". "Yan Jiuhui" is a celebration specially held for Qiu Zhenren's birthday. At that time, there will be many flowers, so the people have the name of "playing Yan Jiu".

In addition to the above, Beijing also has a special New Year's Day Temple Fair and Jingzhong Temple near the Temple of Heaven. On the first day of the first month and the 13th to 17th of the first month, Yue Fei is the main temple, regardless of ancestor worship or lantern content. Dazhong Temple is in the northwest outside Xizhimen (north of the Third Ring Road). Every year from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, the temple fair is open for half a month. Tourists worship the bell tower and throw copper coins at the eye of the bell. The winner is lucky, and this is also a "money-making" activity. The Wanping City God Temple in Di 'anmen West Street opened from the 13th to 17th of the first month, and the "burning at stake" at that time was a spectacle. Other "ghost-playing" activities in the Lama Temple, such as the Yellow Temple, the Black Temple and the Lama Temple, are also very distinctive.

During the festival, people also have many small entertainment activities. For example, the puppet show is the one who plays the fool. Children in Beijing are also called "jugglers". Fuck this industry, most of them are farmers, and they use their spare time to perform in cities. All his property is just a burden. At one end is a Xiao Mu stage about 3 feet wide, and at the other end is a wooden box with gongs, drums, puppets and other household items. As soon as this kind of burden walks in the street, there are a large group of children behind it. When the artist saw that it was profitable, he leaned the small stage against the wall with poles and surrounded it with cloth tents. The artist got into the cloth tent, and one person manipulated the puppet, beat gongs and drums and blew the whistle. The program of the performance is also very simple, which is nothing more than "piggyback wife" and "Song Wu hits the tiger".

Playing with mice: The mouse player carries a small wooden box with trained mice in it. Blow locks along the street. There are fewer children behind him, because he usually doesn't perform in the street, but is hired by the Lord to bargain and ask him to perform at home. During the performance, the wooden frame on the wooden box stands up, which seems to be the epitome of the circus high-altitude performance wooden frame, including rope ladders and hanging bars. Every mouse can learn one or two skills, such as climbing ladders, drilling circles and walking wooden bridges.

3? the Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is another important activity after the first day of the New Year. Another climax during the Spring Festival. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon night of the New Year. The activities are quite rich in content and are traditional festivals with unique style in China.

Shangyuan Festival is a combination of Buddhism and Taoism and folk customs. As early as the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, people began to offer sacrifices to the God Taiyi, also known as Taiyi, which is the most noble among the gods, that is, the name of God. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up an altar in the southeast suburb to worship Taiyi, and it was a custom to put lights in the palace. When Emperor Hanming was in the East, Buddhism was introduced to China. According to the rules of Buddhism, Shangyuan lit lanterns to worship Buddha in various monasteries on this day. Later, the worship of Taiyi God was combined with Buddhism, and lanterns were released on the fifteenth day of the first month, which spread among the people and gradually developed into a spectacular lantern viewing activity. In the Sui Dynasty, although there were only two emperors, the practice of lighting lamps in Shangyuan was quite different. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty banned lighting lamps to show frugality, while Yang Di put them on a large scale, doing his utmost to extravagance and waste. In the Tang Dynasty, the lighting of Shangyuan reached its climax. Night walking is forbidden at ordinary times, but it is an exception on Shangyuan Festival. "Jin Wu is forbidden to go at night", in order to let people see lanterns and have fun. With the promotion of the royal family, the production of lamps went further, and patterns such as "lamp tree" and "lamp building" appeared. The lighting time in Song Dynasty was extended by 2 days compared with that in Tang Dynasty, and it increased from 1 day to 17 and 18 days before and after Shang Dynasty, making * * * 5 days. In manufacturing, there have been some unique products such as "Aoshan lamp", "boneless lamp" and "glazed lamp mountain".

The rulers of Jin and Yuan Dynasties were northern minorities, and they didn't have the custom of lighting lamps. However, influenced by Han culture, they started to light lamps. After Yuan Yingzong, there is a clear historical record that "the lights in the inner courtyard are Aoshan". In the Ming Dynasty, the time of Lantern Festival was extended, from the eighth day to eighteen days *** 10. In the seventh year of Yongle, the emperor gave 100 officials a holiday 10 to celebrate the Lantern Festival. Dengshikou outside Donghua Gate is a combination of light and city. At that time, goods will be displayed, restaurants will be full, rich and poor will trade, and young and old will watch the lights. While putting on the lights, entertainment items such as dragon and lion dances were added, which made it more lively. In the Qing Dynasty, the lighting time was shortened to five days, that is, 13 to 17, 14 was called "trial lighting", 15 was called "positive lighting" and 16 was called "stopping lighting". At the same time, not only the dragon and lion dances in the Ming Dynasty were retained, but also flower show programs such as social fire, stilts, dry boats, yangko and waist drums were added, adding a lot of festive atmosphere. Since the late Kangxi period, Lantern Festival was no longer in dengshikou, but moved to Dashilan, Lingyou Palace, Liulichang, Dongsi, Xisi and Xinjiekou outside Qianmen. In addition, government subordinates also hang lanterns to celebrate, among which the lights of the Ministry of Industry are the most famous. Others, such as story lights in various cake shops and dried fruit shops, long dragon lights, ice lights in Long Fu Temple, and the activity lights of "Meet at the Magpie Bridge" in the big cloth shop outside Qianmen, are all very popular. "Shangyuan Festival" is a Taoist term. According to Taoist records, the birthday of "Emperor Wei Zi, the heavenly king of Shangyuan Fu" is the 15th day of the first month, so it is called Shangyuan. As for the Lantern Festival, its origin is not a festival of "eating Yuanxiao". As early as the Han Emperor's period, the day when he inherited the throne due to rebellion with Lv Zhi was the 15th day of the first month. On this night every year, he would visit the palace as a souvenir. Because the first month is January, and the evening is also called Xiao, it is called Lantern Festival. As mentioned earlier, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed "Zhuan Xu Calendar" to "taichu calendar" and took the Lantern Festival as a major festival. Yuanxiao, also known as glutinous rice balls, has a long history in ancient times and is a food snack of the Lantern Festival. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, there was a famous dumpling shop. When lights are lit in the Lunar New Year, dumplings are called Yuanxiao. Taking the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, eating dumplings means reunion, and the name of Yuanxiao gradually rises, becoming a necessary food on the fifteenth day of the first month. During the Shangyuan Festival, in addition to the above lanterns, flowers and eating Yuanxiao, there is also an elegant performance, namely "playing riddles", which began in the Song Dynasty. Lantern riddles, also called "Lantern Tiger", are said to have originated from the story of Li Guang shooting tigers in Peiping. It is not easy to guess the answer, just as it is difficult for a tiger to shoot, so guessing is also called "shooting". Producers put riddles on lanterns or on ropes between lanterns, so that people can guess riddles while watching lanterns. Solve riddles on the lanterns is an activity to reward exquisite customs. The main content depends on the organizer and the goal. If it is written by a scholar, its content is profound and its writing is extremely elegant, which belongs to Chun Xue and so on. Many of them pay attention to "case" as the criterion. The so-called "lattice" is the law of making puzzles and guessing puzzles. There are more than 100 kinds of grids, such as swinging grids and louver grids. If you know the "case" method, it is naturally a hint to guess the answer. If not, you'll have to look at the mystery and sigh. Of course, the riddle of ordinary people belongs to the category of "chin beauty" Guess is a healthy and beneficial activity, which not only increases knowledge, but also exercises thinking ability. At the same time, it also plays up the festive atmosphere.

On the night of the Lantern Festival in Beijing (mainly 16), there is also a women's activity, which is "walking on the bridge and feeling for nails". That night, women wore white silk shirts and lined up, with one person holding incense in front and others behind. This was called "walking away from all diseases" or "losing all diseases". It's called "expiration" when crossing the bridge. Groups of women have to touch the doornail when they go to the city gate cave, especially the Zhengyangmen cave. It is said that it is advisable to have a boy after touching the doornail.

4? The festival is over

After the climax of the last Lantern Festival, people were basically exhausted and began to consider the life content of the New Year. Printing: On the 19th to 21st day of the first month, Qin chose an auspicious day and informed all yamen to start business, which was called "printing". Make-up: The 25th day of the first month is called "Make-up Day".

Due to the different contents of life in cities and rural areas, the meaning of "replacement" is also different. The word "replacement" in the city has two meanings. One is to fill your stomach. On this day, friends and relatives are invited to have a big meal. First, we buy more daily necessities. Because I have eaten a lot of new year's goods, I have little inventory at home and need to buy new things, so it is called "filling the warehouse".

Farmers will hold a small ceremony on this day. At dawn on this day, many circles were drawn on the threshing floor from the ashes of the kitchens of various households, symbolizing the granary filled with miscellaneous grains, hoping that the future would be a bumper harvest year. After mending the sky, the year will be over and everything will return to normal. All kinds of people in the city are waiting for the start of the new year, and farmers who come to the city to perform arts are also returning to the countryside to prepare for spring ploughing.