Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan's War of Expedition to Japan (I)

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After the Mongol Empire successively pacified dozens of powerful countries in the East and West, such as Xixia, Western Regions, Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Jin State, Korea, Dali, Jinya, Tubo and Southern Song Dynasty, Kublai Khan, the ancestor in charge of many affairs in Monan Han Dynasty, ascended the throne in Kaiping on 1260 as the new great Khan of the Mongolian Empire. In the same year, korean king and Yuan Zong paid tribute to Kublai Khan, the ancestor of Korea, and Korea became the eastern vassal state of the Mongolian Empire. 1264, the ancestor Kublai Khan moved the capital to Yanjing, taking the meaning of "Great Gan Yuan" in the Book of Changes, ranking first among the five classics in the world. He proclaimed himself emperor, established Dayuan Dynasty, made Dadoucheng his capital, and ordered korean king to send envoys to Japan, hoping to make friends with Japan and make Japan submit to the example of North Korea.

According to the true records in the History of Yuan Dynasty, Japan is located in the east of the East China Sea. In ancient times, it was called a slave country, or hated its old name, so it was renamed Japan, and its people were named after their recent appearance. Japan's territory is far from middle earth and the sea. Since the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Song and Sui Dynasties have paid tribute to China in the Central Plains. From the Tang Dynasty to Yonghui, Xianqing, Chang 'an, Kaiyuan, Tianbao, Shangyuan, Zhenyuan, Yuanhe and Kaicheng, Japan directly sent envoys to study in the DPRK, which was called "sending envoys to the Tang Dynasty". In the first year of Song Yongxi, a Japanese monk took his six disciples across the ocean, and Gao's books were presented to the tribute dynasty, with more than ten pieces of bronze wares. Monks are good at writing official scripts, but they don't know Chinese. The monarch and his subjects asked him about the customs of the Japanese archipelago, but he answered in the right words. According to him, there are 70 volumes of Five Classics, Buddhist Scriptures and Bai Juyi's collected works in Japan. After Ran Yan returned to Japan, the person who came again was called Teng Muji, and the person who came to China to become a monk was called Muzhao. Silent photos know Chinese characters, the calligraphy level is very high, and the writing is wonderful. After Xining in Song Dynasty, even the tributes and envoys in Japan were monks.

In the first year of ancestral reunification, Prince Wang Xian of Korea was appointed as korean king and sent back to Korea. South Korean envoys and others said that South Korea and Japan are linked together, and all envoys can pass through Japan. At this time, the ruler of Japan was Emperor Kameyama, and the year number corresponded to the period. In the autumn and August of the second year of Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu appointed Heipei Khufu, Minister of War in Japan, as the envoy of Dayuan Empire, and Yin Hongpei Jin Fu, Assistant Minister of Ritual, as the deputy envoy of Dayuan Empire, and wrote to the King of Korea: "Today, the Koreans have come to tell us that Japan is a close neighbor of our country, and the political laws and regulations are good enough. The Han and Tang Dynasties have descendants, or they have sent envoys to China, so today is here. Clear guidance is a mission, so that we can understand the East and seek righteousness from the wind. You should let go of the responsibility of this matter, don't take the storm as resignation, don't take it as a solution. I'm afraid he's not going well, so I believe in your loyalty. Clear seven sides! " Korean king only sent his deputy envoy of the Privy Council, Song Junfei, and assistant minister Jin Zan of does as black guides.

In the second year of Yuan Dynasty, Heihe went to Japan with Kublai Khan's credentials. The general idea of the credentials is: the Mongolian emperor wrote to the Japanese king: I have only been the king of a small country since ancient times, and I have contacts with the soil, so I still have to keep my promise and repair. Besides, my ancestors were ordered by dawn, and they were in a foreign land and afraid of Wei Huaide, so they couldn't do it. At the beginning of my accession to the throne, I used the innocent people of North Korea for a long time, that is, I ordered the soldiers to return to their own territory and turned against them. The monarch of South Korea and his subjects felt the Daley dynasty. Although righteous, father and son live in peace. The monarch and subjects of the king are also well known. Koryo, my Dong Fan. Japan is close to South Korea. Since its founding, People's Republic of China (PRC) has also been linked with China. As for me, I have never used it to make peace. I was still afraid that the kingdom would not be judged, so the task force took the book and announced my ambition. I hope that from now on, I will ask for a good relationship and a blind date. Moreover, it is good for saints to be at home in the four seas, so it is reasonable to be a family. Even fight, which is good for my husband, Qi Wang.

Hei, an envoy of the Yuan Dynasty, went to Japan with credentials and was refused entry by Japan. The envoys handed in their credentials and went home. After receiving the credentials, the Japanese court prayed for the blessing of the Great God, but at the same time refused to accept them with "unreasonable words". General Kitajima, the actual supporter of the shogunate, ordered Taizai Prefecture to strengthen its preparations for war and strengthen the garrison forces in the coastal areas of Kyushu. Later, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan sent envoys twice, but both were refused to meet by the Japanese court. In the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), the ancestor Kublai Khan became furious and launched a war of aggression against Japan.

In the first month of the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), Emperor Kameyama of Japan gave way to his prince, whose title was Emperor Junyudu, and changed to Yuan Jian. In March of the same year, Sai-jo Kublai Khan ordered Fengzhou to run the new capital, and the general manager of the Korean army and civilians, Hong Chaqiu, and other generals sent 15,000 sailors and 900 warships to join the Korean army and the Jurchen army. At the same time, they attacked Japan in July and ordered South Korea to send troops to help.

In August of the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), Hutton, the marshal of Pingfan, Hong Chaqiu, the deputy marshal (son of Hong Fuyuan) and Liu Fuheng, the deputy marshal of Zuo, arrived in the south of Korea. The generals headed by Commander Jin led the three-wing Korean army, with more than 8,000 people helping the Yuan army, and Hutton and other generals commanded Mongolia, Han and Jurchen. A total of more than 40,000 people attacked Tsushima Island from Hepu Port, and the Japanese war was started first. The Japanese general asked vassal states to lead 8,000 Japanese cavalry to resist, and at the same time sent an interpreter aboard to ask why. Suddenly, Dundon and others did not answer, and directly led the troops to storm and land, and the two sides went to war directly. After fierce fighting, Yunzong helped the country temporarily perish.

Hu Dun and other generals turned to attack Yiqi Island. After landing successfully, they erected many red flags on Japanese land. After the defeat of Hirai Takashi, the Japanese generals fled, and Baby City held on. The next day, the city fell and Pingjing died. Suddenly, in a few days, Dun and others will break through the three islands of Japan. After the army landed, Japan's loyal opposition ordered the army to slaughter. The woman captured by the massacre ran across the palm of her hand and tied to the side of the boat. No one else was spared. A few days later, the Yuan army approached the coastal island in front of Pang, and all the Japanese soldiers who dared to resist were killed. 1 month 19, the warship sailed into hakata bay and began to land the next day. Japanese commander Fujiwara commanded the Japanese resistance economically. However, under the closed-door tactics of Yuan infantry and the power of gunpowder weapons, the soldiers on these islands have never seen such tactics, and the Japanese defenders were completely defeated.

This Yuan army, which was commissioned by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu to fight in Japan for the first time, was a joint force composed of several armies of Mongolia, Han and North Korea. Yuan army is not only far superior to Japanese army in fighting capacity, but also in strategy and tactics. According to Japanese historical records, the attack method of Yuan Army was beating gongs and drums, and the sound of killing was deafening. Hearing this, the Japanese war horse was frightened and jumped around in the same place. When the Japanese samurai turned his horse's head and prepared to rush to the Yuan Army, he was already shot in the body by the Yuan Army. Mongolian bows and arrows are very short, but the roots of the bows and arrows are coated with venom, which means that they will be poisoned when they are hit. Hundreds of yuan army arrows rained down, and the long-handled spears were extremely sharp, which could easily penetrate into the gaps of armor.

Moreover, the ranks of the Yuan Army were lined up. If the enemy approached, the middle queue immediately separated and the two ends came out, giving a war of total annihilation. Yuan army is light in armor and very good at riding horses. Soldiers are generally strong, and they never hesitate to die. They are brave and abnormal, but they are good at advancing and retreating. Everyone knows the art of war. General Yuan Army commands the whole army according to the height, advancing and retreating and beating drums, and the whole army commands actions according to the drums. When the Yuan army retreated, there were iron cannons in the array, which were filled with iron bullets. When the flame is completely ejected, it is full of fire and smoke. The sound of gunfire is harsh, heartbreaking, dizzy, deaf and indisputable. Many Japanese troops were killed. The two sides fought fiercely until dusk, and the Japanese army retreated to the front line of Taizaifu Watertown.

At this time, the National People's Congress of Japan was shocked, and the ruling and opposition parties immediately recruited more than102,000 people from all over the country to go to the rescue. Marshal Hu Dun led the troops and others to fight the Japanese army in Hakata, and the generals used high-pitched drums to command the soldiers to advance and retreat. Japanese samurai ronin formed a death squad, and a large number of traps rushed forward desperately, all surrounded by the Yuan army, and the whole army was wiped out. He also fired a series of iron cannons and wiped out countless Japanese soldiers and horses. The Japanese army failed to escape and suddenly took the opportunity to invade Tianjin. His men fought bloody battles with Japanese general Ju Chi Yasunari in Akasaka, and fought bloody battles with Sauer Shenhui in Baidaoyuan, all of which defeated the Japanese army. The Japanese army thought Keiko was good at riding and shooting, and an arrow shot down Liu Fuheng, a general of the Han army, and fell off his horse. Suddenly, Dun waited for the pine forest, but Japan's Bansaka Laikang led the army to refuse it, and was defeated by the water and fled. At dusk, the strong wind called for heavy rain, and the generals boarded the ship for the second time to escape.

General Koryo has been at odds, which has caused many problems in the logistics supply of the Yuan Army. So, Korean general Jin Yanqing said to Hutton and Hong Chaqiu, "Although our army is in Serenade, it has entered the enemy's territory and fought on its own, that is, Meng Ming burned the boat and Huaiyin tried its best. Please resume the decisive battle. " The marshal suddenly said, "The small enemy is strong, the big enemy is captured, and the exhausted soldiers are forced into the enemy's territory. There is no need to complete the plan. " Liu Fuheng was seriously injured, so he led his men back that night. It was stormy in the middle of the night, and the warship of the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed in the rocky land. Suddenly, they were unable to break through after seeing it, so they made the generals and others retreat overnight.

In the 12th year of the Yuan Dynasty,1February, 275, Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan sent envoys Du Shizhong, assistant minister of the Ministry of War He Zhu Wen, and consultant Saduddin with the credentials of the Yuan Dynasty, which was better than that of Japan. Minister Han led 30 colleagues, including Xu Zan and Shang Zuo. In April of the same year, Du Shizhong and others went to Shimonoseki, Changmen, and then moved to Dazaifu, the ancestor. In August, Taizai sent someone to escort Shizhong and others to Kamakura. In September, Sejong Kitajima, a Japanese shogunate general, ordered the beheadings of He, Saduddin, Dong Wei, an apology officer, and Xu Zan, a Korean, in Longkou, Japan. This led to Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan's second expedition to the Japanese archipelago.

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