What is the origin of Tibetan calendar year?

Tibetan calendar is a favorite calendar of Tibetan people. The present Tibetan calendar originated in 1027. The chronology of the Tibetan calendar is basically the same as that of the trunk and branch of the lunar calendar, except that the heavenly stems are replaced by yin and yang and five elements, a is yang wood, b is yin wood, c is yang fire, d is yin fire, e is yang soil, oneself is yin soil, Geng is yang gold, Xin is yin gold, Ren is yang water and Gui is yin water. Replace earthly branches with zodiac signs. It is also a 60-year cycle, but it is called "Rao Qiong" instead of "Jia Zi". The first thermal cycle began in A.D. 1027, the year of Dingmao in the lunar calendar and the year of Rabbit in the Tibetan calendar. 2007 (Ding Hai Year) is the Year of the Pig.

Tibetan calendar is slightly different from lunar calendar. Instead of taking the new moon as the first day, the full moon is fixed at 15, so it sometimes differs from the lunar calendar by one or two days.

Tibetan calendar and lunar calendar are basically the same, but the placement of leap months may be different, so sometimes the difference between leap years and lunar calendar is about one month. For example, the Tibetan New Year (Losar) in 2009 is February 25th of Gregorian calendar, which is 0/month from Lunar New Year.

Zhou: The ancient ancients regarded the sun, the moon and the five planets of Jin Mu as seven wonders, and made them into seven wonders. In the Preface of Biography of the Liang Dynasty by Fan Ning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there are seven records of "interference" among prostitutes. Among the Tibetan volumes found in Dunhuang, the names of Qi Yao are commonly used by Tibetans so far, and they are: Ri Yao, Yue Yao, Huo Yao, Shui Yao, Mu Yao, Jin Yao and Tu Yao in turn.

Tibetan culture

The compilation of Tibetan calendar can reflect Tibet's unique geopolitical culture. Because of the unique plateau climate in Tibet, the phenology of Tibet is also different from that of the Central Plains. In addition, Tibet has been isolated from the world for a long time in history, so Tibetans use their own culture to make calendars.

Tibetan calendar element

The Tibetan calendar has three elements, including the phenological calendar inherent in Tibetan culture, the time-wheel calendar imported from India and the constitutional calendar imported from the Han nationality.

phenological calendar

It is said that before the Tang Dynasty, Tibetans celebrated the New Year with the ripening of wheat. Whenever the crops are ripe and harvested once, farmers will hold a party to celebrate the harvest. Year after year, this activity gradually formed a regular way to celebrate, and was later designated as a phenological calendar with wheat ripening as the beginning of the year.

Tibetan calendar festival, that is, the festival of Tibetan people, is a traditional festival of Tibetan herders, equivalent to the Spring Festival of Han nationality. It is held on the first day of the lunar calendar every year for a week.

Middle-aged women in Lhasa love to wear a sleeveless robe outside, cover it with a leather robe, and turn out plain shirts such as sky blue and purple at the neckline and sleeve ends to wear inside during the New Year. There is a rainbow-like "bond code" at the waist and a pair of self-made high-waisted Tibetan boots (Songbaram) on the feet. Wearing "Eight Beads", earrings and rings made of red coral on the head, and wearing "black mouth" on the head, it is very "armed" and looks very beautiful. Old women don't wear jewelry, but they wear red shirts. No matter middle-aged or elderly women, there are two braids tied with "Zhaxiu". Young unmarried girls don't wear "state code" and braid their hair alone. The colors of "Zhaxiu" are bright, and the colors of shirts are also varied. Girls in the city not only love to wear "songbalam", but also wear a pair of shoes with better style and polished shine. Men like to wear "Tsering Root Fruit" (Tibetan hat embroidered with satin on the top) or liberation fur hat and robe. It's just that the color of the robe will deepen with age. Fashionable men wear black gold velvet boots when they braid their hair.

On the evening of the 29th, every household will eat a lump of dough, which is called "ancient map" in Tibetan. "Ancient" is nine, "sudden" is porridge. There are nine things to be wrapped in a knot in one's heart, and the date and month made of flour are used to show supreme dignity; There is a kind of disk ("Gayur"), which means laziness; There are peppers, which means they have knives; Wool means that people who eat are lazy; And bread with horns. It is not hard to imagine that people who eat it like to lose their temper and so on. No matter who eats anything, they should spit it out on the spot, causing a burst of laughter and helping to adjust their emotions.

In the early morning of the first day, the hostess brought the first bucket of Chinese New Year's water to show the whole family the top (mixing hot highland barley wine with milk residue, ginseng fruit and brown sugar, slowly adding a bucket of Ciba, fried wheat kernels and ginseng fruit, and inserting colorful flower plates made of highland barley ears and ghee on it) to respect everyone. When eating, grab a few pieces and scatter them in the sky to express your blessing. After the ceremony, I ate a large grain cooked with mutton, which is called "Zhuotu" in Tibetan. This is breakfast.

At noon, you can eat vegetables, noodles or hand-grabbed mutton and grab Baba. Eating "Xiangzhai" at night means frying mutton pieces with ghee, adding curry and potato pieces mixed with hot ghee, cooking together, and even smearing the juice on rice to eat. This "curry rice" is one of the favorite foods of Tibetan people. After dinner, everyone drinks highland barley wine, butter tea or sweet tea, and eats fried fruit.

Play croquet. Some are like Le Kang balls, but the "balls" are flat round wood, and the rules are completely different when you play with your hands. Tibetans, old and young, love to play.

Playing cards. There are many patterns, including seven, four and three cards.

Play chess. Known as "Ma Ming" in Tibetan, it is similar to a chessboard, but the opponents are kings and soldiers respectively.

Roll the dice. "Dice" is the same as the mainland's "dice", but the gameplay is different, and shells are used to count. Kicking shuttlecock and skipping rope. Mostly girls play. Exquisite The shuttlecock is made of the armpit hair of an eagle, and the small bell hangs under the China copper coin. Kick up and "rub"

Wave power, firecrackers. Mostly boys play. Boli is a game in which copper coins are put into holes dug at a fixed distance, but the rules of the game are not simple.

General habit, play until the fifth day of the Tibetan calendar. From the sixth day, everything returned to normal.