A book to learn common sense of Taoism.

Doctrine: 1 What are the main teachings of Taoism? A: The main teachings of Taoism believe in a kind of "Tao" that "quietness is the teaching, nothingness is the body, and weakness is the use".

Tao is all-encompassing and ubiquitous. It is the beginning of everything, and everything in the universe evolved from Tao. What is the ultimate goal of Taoism? A: The ultimate goal of Taoism is to make everyone live a long and healthy life through physical and mental cultivation, and to achieve a fairy world that is in harmony with the world, harmonious with the Tao and harmonious with the world.

How much do you know about Daojing? A: During its long development, Taoism has accumulated a large number of classic documents. Some of these classics are scattered among the people, and most of them are included in the Taoist scriptures.

During the Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the rulers of past dynasties ordered the compilation of Taoist scriptures, such as Kaiyuan Taoist Scriptures, Da Song Tian Gong Bao Dian, Wanshou Taoist Scriptures, Da Jin Xuandou Bao Dian, Du Xuan Bao Dian and so on. But unfortunately, these Taoist scriptures are all dead.

What we can still see now is the orthodox collection compiled by Zhang Yuchu, the 43rd generation of Shi Tian in the Ming Dynasty, and Ming Shenzong later ordered Zhang Guoxiang, the 50th generation of Shi Tian, to compile a sequel. This Taoist anthology contains 5485 volumes of Taoist books 1476, divided into 5 12, and the titles are marked in the order of "thousand words".

At present, the Chinese Taoist Association, together with Huaxia Publishing House and the Institute of World Religions of China Academy of Social Sciences, started the collation and proofreading of China Taoist Anthology in 1997. China Taoist Collection is based on the orthodox Taoist Collection in Ming Dynasty and the continuation Taoist Collection in Wanli. It sorted, punctuated and reclassified all kinds of Taoist books collected in the original Taoist Collection, and added more than 100 Confucian classics, making it a new Taoist classic series.

The compilation of this book is regarded as an important event in the cultural history of contemporary China and the history of Taoism by the academic and Taoist circles. 4 What are three holes and four auxiliary? A: The so-called "three holes and four auxiliary" is the classification method in Daozang.

These three caves are: the real part of the cave, the mysterious part of the cave and the divine part of the cave. The three caves are subdivided into twelve sub-categories: characters, symbols, jade tricks, spiritual diagrams, fractions and disciplines.

Prestige, methods, techniques, biographies, compliments, chapters and tables. Four auxiliary refers to Taixuan Department, Taiping Department, Taiqing Department and Zhengyi Department.

Therefore, Taoist classics are also called "Three-point True Classics" or "Seven Classics" and "Thirty-six Classics". What are the main schools of Taoism? A: According to the manuscript of Zhu Zhen's Classics written by Beijing Baiyunguan in the late Qing Dynasty, there are 86 Taoist sects with names, and it is estimated that some of them have no written records among the people.

The main schools of contemporary Taoism are Quanzhen Taoism and Zhengyi Taoism, and there are many schools under the two schools. 6 What are three disasters and eight difficulties? A: Three disasters: Three natural disasters.

First, typhoons, second, fires and third, floods. Eight difficulties: one is difficult to be humane, two is difficult to lose a woman, three is difficult to be complete, four is difficult to be in the middle, five is difficult to be worth, six is difficult to be worth, seven is difficult to be worth, and eight is difficult to meet three treasures.

Call it the Eight Difficulties. The eight difficulties in Volume 35 of Cloud Seven Signs and Miscellaneous Repair Photos are that they don't waste their minds, don't be teachers, don't live in seclusion, don't give up the world, don't cut five difficulties, don't seek profits, don't make desires, don't divide seven difficulties, and constantly * * * eight difficulties.

7 What is three-coating and five-pain? Answer: three wipes: one is the fire wipe, where the sea of fire was burned by fierce fire; Second, blood painting, animals eat each other; Third, the knife is painted, and the hungry ghost road is forced by the knife. There is also a saying that one of them tried to discredit the former, the other two animals contributed money, and the other three hungry ghosts suffered the most, thirsty for fire and hungry for charcoal.

Five bitter people: first, the suffering of the mountain and hell; Second, the suffering of the sword tree hell; Third, the suffering of copper column hell; Fourth, protect the suffering of Tang hell; Five, the pain of cold hell is five pains. What are the four virtues and three haves of Taoism? Answer: Taoism pays attention to repaying kindness, so it repays kindness with four kinds.

Four benefactors: one day, two gentlemen, three parents and four teachers. All four should be reported back.

There are three kinds of people: one is sentient, the other is knowledgeable, and the third is predestined relationship. All these three, the Tao must be close.

Therefore, as a believer, "four benefits and three possessions" must not be forgotten. 9 What are the Three Realms? A: There are three realms: First, in terms of time, it can be divided into infinite realm, Taiji realm and modern world; First, in space, it is divided into heaven, earth and water; As far as Tao is concerned, it can be divided into desire, * *, and * * *.

10 What is ten square? A: The ten directions of Taoism are east, south, west, north, northeast, southeast, southwest, northwest, up and down. So it's called ten square days.

1 1 There are five levels of fairies. What are the five grades? A: There are five levels of immortals, which are divided according to the level of cultivation. One is a ghost fairy, one is a fairy, the third is a fairy, the fourth is a fairy and the fifth is a fairy.

According to the "Lectures", "Five Immortals: First, they don't keep precepts, keep eating meat, don't kill life, don't think about goodness, and are ghosts and gods; Second, those who raise the true qi and live a long life are immortals; Third, good fighting is a sword fairy; Fourth, meditators are immortals; Fifth, it is convenient to be filial to teachers and parents for six times. Save all beings, eliminate ten evils, do not kill, do not eat wine and meat, and do not steal evil. It is sincere and selfless, and is called a fairy. 12 Why is E not true? A: May Day is an important taboo day in Taoism.

Teaching is called "e is not true". That is to say, whenever Wuzi, Wuyin, Chen Wu, Wuwu, Wushen and Wuwu don't burn incense or chant Buddhist scripture, a swastika is hung on the door of the main hall.

According to the "female celestial law", "if judges and Taoist priests burn incense and chant Buddhist scriptures, they can't help but hear bells and drums ringing, and those who play Cao Tian at the table will be twice as guilty; If you don't commit crimes, your merits are boundless. " 13 what is a foreign order? Answer: It means that lead, mercury and other mineral drugs are burned in the furnace and can, and the elixir is used to surrender erbium.

Also known as alchemy, elixir, elixir. This external alchemy of burning drugs became the pioneer of modern chemistry and pharmacology.

As a matter of fact, many Buddhist scriptures in Daozang are valuable raw materials for ancient chemistry in China. 14 What is Neidan? A: Inner alchemy is a kind of Taoist practice, as opposed to outer alchemy.

That is to say, the human body is regarded as a "cauldron", and the essence, qi and spirit in the body are burned as drugs to condense into a sacred fetus, thus transcending the three realms and reaching the realm of truth with the Tao. What are the three industries? Answer: Body industry, mouth industry and heart industry are called the functions of body, mouth and heart.

We monks should abide by these three meanings at ordinary times, and we can't act rashly, talk nonsense or think wrongly. Only in this way can we be honest and not be confused by foreign things. .

2. What is the Tao Te Ching?

The text of Tao Te Ching takes "morality" in the philosophical sense as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but most of them aim at politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" theory, which has profound meaning and wide tolerance and is known as the king of all classics.

Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.

Summarize the Tao Te Ching, which mainly discusses Tao and morality: Tao is not only the natural way of the universe, but also the method of individual practice. "Virtue" is not the usual morality or virtue, but a monk's special world outlook, methodology and way of dealing with people. [8] Lao Tzu's original intention is to teach people the law of monasticism. Morality is the foundation, and Taoism is the sublimation of morality.

Without the foundation of virtue, you are likely to fail in dealing with people, managing your family and governing the country, and you will not be able to "cultivate Buddhism." Therefore, cultivating "virtue" is to create a good external environment for monasticism, which may also be needed by people; Being a monk requires a quiet mind and a detached life, which is also indispensable for virtue.

The moral part of Tao Te Ching accounts for a large part of the Confucian classics, which is the basis of monasticism. "Tao" is the simplicity of the whole, "the door to all things"

"Tao" produces all things and is also included in all things. "Tao" is in things, and things are in "Tao". Everything comes to the same goal by different routes, and it leads to the Tao. Tao is not only a tangible substance, a thoughtful spirit, a rational law, but also an invisible and intangible cosmic source, which leads to all this.

Material, spirit and law are all derivatives of Tao. Tao is inherently infinite. Tao is the ancestor of nature, the source of all things in the universe and the foundation of all things in the universe.

[9- 10] The theme of Tao Te Ching is "Taoism is natural". "Taoism is natural" is the essence of Laozi's thought in Tao Te Ching.

As the most abstract concept category in Tao Te Ching, "Tao" is the source of power to create everything in the world. "Virtue" is the development and expression of "Tao" in the field of ethics.

"Tao" and "law" have similarities in rules and common sense, but they are different from western natural law. "Law" should imitate the way of nature and play a role in the reverse transformation of syndrome differentiation.

Philosophically, "Tao" is the mother of the beginning of all things in heaven and earth, the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang is the essential embodiment of all things, and the extremes of things are the law of the evolution of all things. Ethically, Laozi advocates simplicity, selflessness, serenity, humility, gentleness, weakness and indifference.

Politically, Lao Tzu advocates doing nothing at home, not disturbing the people, living in peace with foreign countries and opposing war and violence. These three levels constitute the theme of Tao Te Ching, and at the same time make the book go through the logical level of "physics to philosophy to ethics to politics", from the way of nature to the virtue of ethics, and finally settle in the idea and governance of ideal politics.

That is, looking for the bright right path to the ideal social order from the natural order. [1 1] 1. Definition of "Dao" and "De". "Tao" Lao Tzu stated at the beginning of the Tao Te Ching: "Tao is Tao, but it is extraordinary.

Names, nicknames, unusual names. Nothing, the beginning of the world; Yes, the mother of all things.

Therefore, there is often nothing and I want to see its wonders; Often, I want to see it. Both of them have different names. They are both called Xuan.

Mysterious and mysterious, the gate of Wan Qi. "This is a general description of the concept of' Tao' by Laozi: Tao was not the general Tao in the society at that time, that is, the way of human relations and common sense, nor was it the Tao that people could name at that time.

"Tao" has surpassed the secular social life in Laozi, and is closer to the Tao of natural laws, because the origin and mother of all things in heaven and earth are based on "Tao". Starting from the Tao, "Tao gives birth to one, one, two, three and three things". Therefore, Laozi used "both mysterious and mysterious" to describe the particularity and profundity of Tao. In fact, although this "Tao" is "visible", "audible" and "understandable", what I said is not far from people. Here, Lao Tzu just used "Xuan" to emphasize the difference between what he said and what the society said at that time to explain him.

Therefore, in the following discussion, Lao Tzu said frankly, "My words are easy to understand and do, but what people know, they can't know and they can't do." Laozi sighed with emotion: "If you know me, I am expensive." .

The saints are Brown and Huai Yu. When I say "Tao", I mean "everything is mixed and born naturally.

Xiao Oh, sloppy, independent and not embarrassed, but the mother of heaven and earth. I don't know its name, it says between the lines.

Strong is big. "This sentence means that before the creation of heaven and earth, there were chaotic objects in the universe, which were quiet, silent, vast, helpless and unchanged. It is a loving mother who raises everything.

"I"-I don't know its name, so I call it "Tao" and "Da". Therefore, Lao Tzu's Tao is first of all material, the original power source to create everything in the world, and its existence is independent, immeasurable and infinite.

For the power of "Tao", Laozi himself can't give it an exact description, so he thinks that Tao is only a stopgap measure. Characteristics of Tao: Lao Tzu said, "Tao is blunt, but it is beneficial to use it."

The Tao body seems to be virtual and real, so there are inexhaustible materials and energy in the body, but it will not overflow because of complacency. Laozi believes that Tao is soft but not rigid, simple inside and clumsy outside, clear and transparent, and it always exists between heaven and earth.

Therefore, Tao is everywhere. No matter individuals or human society, including everything in the world, we should follow the example of Tao, be natural and return to nature. The word "nature" here literally refers to itself, but the law of Tao and nature is the same, that is, the "China Four" should do whatever they want in order to maintain their own "everlasting".

Laozi lived in the Western Zhou society at that time, and the militarism of the vassal States and frequent wars made it impossible to restore the etiquette and ethics of the society. Therefore, Lao Tzu saw through that the disputes in human society were caused by sage, etiquette, law, desire, wisdom and other promising measures, precisely because the society took a fancy to fame and wealth, strength and so on.

3. Ask * * * to teach knowledge books

The book Tai Shang Induction is a Taoist classic, and its main content is to persuade people to abide by moral norms, always stop evil, cultivate good, and be selfish and altruistic.

This book especially emphasizes the law of cause and effect, and advocates that people should master their own destiny and strive to achieve good results, so as to master and transform their own destiny. Therefore, this book is of great value not only to people who believe in Taoism.

The "Tai Shang Huang" here means "Tai Shang Huang", also called Tai Shang Huang, so whoever moves him says he should answer. Good and evil move the world, and there will be retribution. " Induction is a book to persuade people to do good.

Tai Shang Induction is a very important article, which is known as "the first good book in ancient and modern times". This book originated from Bao Puzi, which was carried forward by Li Changling, Zheng Qingzhi and other sages in the Song Dynasty, spread all over the world and had far-reaching influence.

From the imperial court to the people, there were many publishers, which reached their peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The essay "Induction" aimed at persuading the good, whose author is unknown, incorporates more traditional national ideas and sets up a correct character image of the world. Many contents still have positive significance today.