What are the customs of Xibe nationality?

Xibe marriage is monogamous. In the past, it was limited to intermarriage within the same family, but this surname prohibited intermarriage. Ancient marriages include: referring to the belly for marriage, and getting married at marriageable age, which is called egg marriage; After marriage, if the girl is young and her family life is difficult, she can give her young daughter to the man's family to raise and get married when she grows up, which is called "miss marriage"; Recruit a son-in-law to support the elderly, and childless families can be recruited as heirs. Everything they need for marriage is borne by the woman's family, which is usually called the helper husband. This kind of marriage not only existed in the past, but also exists now; When men and women get married from childhood, they all grow up in their parents' homes, so most of the things needed for marriage are prepared by the man. Before marriage, every New Year's Eve, the son-in-law will go to her parents' house to send clothes and other gifts (usually not at home), and the woman must avoid them. After receiving the gift, the woman's family will give her son-in-law a pair of cloth shoes or other items. Xibe marriage is generally completed in four stages. That is, engagement, engagement, wedding reception (that is, holding a wedding). Wedding is a big event with complicated ceremony, which is usually held after autumn. When the bride is married, both men and women should have a big banquet and stay at the woman's house for two days first. On the first day, the man's family invited a prestigious relative, the lover of his in-laws, who was good at rhetoric. At the same time, a man, a woman and a matchmaker, who belong to the same family as the woman, send the bride a wedding banquet (wedding banquet, pigs and sheep, etc.) on behalf of the man. ) to the woman's house. The groom specially presented two bottles of wine for his parents-in-law. The man's next of kin and the old man came to see him off and wished everything well. Call it a "wedding car". On this day, the woman's family prepared for the next day's Ambassa Forest (big banquet), killing pigs and sheep, sending invitations, and all the closest relatives came to help. This is the first day of the woman's family banquet, mainly to accept the gifts from the man's family and arrange the wedding car. On the second day of the wedding, the woman's family held a big banquet and held a wedding "Sarin" to entertain guests from all over the world. On the third day of the wedding, the groom's family held a big banquet to entertain relatives and friends and held a wedding. The groom must welcome the bride home before dawn and hold a complicated wedding. After liberation, with the development of society and the change of people's ideological understanding, this custom no longer exists. Nowadays, marriage of Xibe nationality is generally conducted in a new way.

Xibo people through burial. Cremation and celestial burial are also needed under special circumstances. Xibo people are used to parking for 7 days, at least 3 days, and chanting. Children wake up day and night, and every once in a while the whole family will cry in front of the wake. If someone comes to mourn, the wake will kowtow to the bearer and the bearer will cry. Ji Chen was chosen to bury the dead, and the coffin stopped in the shed in the courtyard. Before the funeral, a farewell ceremony was held. After the ceremony, the hearse drove into the grave. The eldest son filled the first shovel, and then everyone began to use the civil grave. At midnight on the sixth day after the death of the old man, that is, in the early morning of the seventh day, the family held a ceremony of crying and looking up. Burn the "first seven" during the day, and then sacrifice once every seven days until the "July 7". Sacrifice will be held on the centenary.

After liberation, with the destruction of feudal system, people's ideological consciousness has been improved day by day, and funeral ceremonies have been greatly simplified. However, the children still mourn for their dead relatives for three days, and then go to the funeral and bury them.

The costumes of Xibe nationality are also different and changed because of the differences in different times and regions and the influence of different nationalities. In Qing Dynasty, Xibo men like to use blue, brown and other colors for their clothes, while women like to use various plaids and children wear various flowered clothes. Men's clothes are basically the same as Manchu's. In order to facilitate riding and operation, they all wear robes, short coats and round hats with left and right openings; Women wear cheongsam, trousers, white socks and fancy shoes. Girls have long braids and knotted hair after marriage. Women like to wear earrings, bracelets and rings. Old women wear white headscarves in spring, summer and autumn, and cotton hats in winter. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the close economic and cultural contact between Xibe and Han, the clothing gradually converged with that of Han, and only Xibe women who moved westward to Yili still liked to wear cheongsam. With the development of production and the improvement of living standards, clothing materials are becoming more and more sophisticated and styles are becoming more and more diverse. Except for elderly women who still keep the habit of wearing long clothes, others generally wear the same clothes as Han people.

Xibo people's eating habits are unique. There are some differences because the living areas are different. Xibe men generally have a hobby of smoking and drinking. According to legend, every household used to brew yellow wine. Every household raises pigs, chickens, ducks, cattle, horses and sheep, and is self-sufficient in meat. At the same time, I also like game. Whenever the winter snow melts, I will go out hunting and fishing. On the 18th day of April in the lunar calendar, the cooked flour paste is made into Mishun and cooked in a crock for seasoning, or dipped in cucumber and green pepper. In late autumn, cut leeks, green peppers, cabbage, carrots, etc. Filament, pickled "Hart miscellaneous vegetables". In addition, Xibo leek zygote, pumpkin jiaozi, fish soup, etc. It also has a special taste.

Xibo people have many taboos in their daily life. Don't lie on the kang when you sleep at night, and don't put your pants, shoes and socks on high places. Don't step over clothes, hats, quilts, pillows, etc. If something happens unintentionally, you must shake it on the lamp or brazier immediately to be clean. You are not allowed to sit on the threshold or stand while eating. It is forbidden to beat tables and rice bowls with chopsticks. They think that only beggars can beat chopsticks. Weng and his wife don't eat at the same table. Even numbers of children are forbidden to get married, and at least one of them is odd, so a wedding can be held. When Lingling is at home, cats and dogs are forbidden to bypass her body in front of Lingling to avoid a funeral. From the first day to the fifteenth day of the first month, women don't do needlework. On the second day of February, it is forbidden to cut wood on the ground. If there are patients at home, put a cloth or a sokcho outside the gate, which means no outsiders are allowed to enter. Women are forbidden to urinate in the west of Westinghouse. Women are not allowed to ride horses dedicated to Helemafa.

The Xibo people in Liaoyang worship "Mother Xili" to protect the family members' safety and prosperity. Xili, Xibo means continuation, and the "mother" is the goddess. According to the legend of Xibe old people; "The ancient Xibe people suffered a catastrophe, the sky was falling, the flood was raging, and most people died. Fortunately, a female bodhi old zu led the whole people to escape, went through hardships and moved to a safe place, so that the whole people could continue to survive. In memory of this ancestor, all people worship this ancestor as a goddess. The sacrificial position of "Mother Xili" is different from that of ordinary gods, and it is placed in the northwest corner of the Xishan wall in the upper house. A pure black pig was prepared during the sacrifice, and the priest burned incense and kowtowed in front of Hillary's mother's coffin. After the sacrifice, people from the same family are invited to eat "the remains of God", that is, to sacrifice pigs. In case of natural disasters and diseases, family members should make a wish in front of Hillary's mother's coffin. Nine strands of velvet rope twisted with a left strength of one foot and a right strength of one foot and five feet are packed in the bag dedicated to Xili's mother in Liaoyang, and a number of copper coins and red cloth strips are tied to the rope. The things on the rope represent different meanings.

Xibe people also worship Haier Kan, a god who can protect the prosperity of livestock and worship it in the south corner outside the main house Westinghouse. "Haier Kan" has statues, which can be carved or painted with wood. But whether carving or painting, there is a hair on the statue, which symbolizes the hunting. Some Xibo people in rural Liaoyang still worship "Haier Kan".