How to care for puppies daily?

In a dog's life, infancy is the stage with the fastest growth and development, the greatest plasticity, and the highest morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the feeding and management requirements at this stage are the highest. We must understand the growth and development law and physiological characteristics of puppies, give scientific feeding, cooperate with corresponding management and exercise, and accelerate the growth and development of puppies, so as to obtain excellent puppies of the required breed.

In a dog's life, infancy is the stage with the fastest growth and development, the greatest plasticity, and the highest morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the feeding and management requirements at this stage are the highest. We must understand the growth and development law and physiological characteristics of puppies, give scientific feeding, cooperate with corresponding management and exercise, and accelerate the growth and development of puppies, so as to obtain excellent puppies of the required breed.

(1) Feeding of newborn puppies

A puppy will suck milk as soon as it is born. Puppies should be allowed to lie next to bitches so that they can suck. If there are more than one litter, the last puppy (usually thin and weak) should be sucked on the last two pairs of nipples. After repeated several times, each puppy will have a fixed nipple. Let newborn puppies eat enough colostrum, because colostrum is rich in protein and vitamins, and also contains high magnesium salts, antioxidants, enzymes, hormones and so on. It has the function of relaxing bowels and resisting diseases, and is beneficial to the discharge of meconium; High initial lactic acid is beneficial to promote the activity of digestive tract; Almost all kinds of nutrients in colostrum can be absorbed, which is very beneficial to strengthen the puppy's physique and generate heat to maintain the body temperature. What's more worth mentioning is that colostrum contains a variety of antibodies (maternal antibodies) of bitches, which makes puppies gain disease resistance. Therefore, newborn puppies should be fed colostrum as soon as possible (within 0.5~ 1 hour). The newborn puppy suddenly left its mother's womb and contacted the outside world. At this time, temperature and lung breathing are the biggest differences. The temperature of newborn puppies is relatively low (within 1~2 weeks after birth, the temperature is 34.5 ~ 36℃) and there is no shivering reflex. They completely rely on external heat sources (such as the mother) to maintain their normal body temperature, so they must keep warm (about 50% of puppies die of cold within 1 week). By 6 weeks, puppies have the function of trembling reflex and self-regulation of body temperature. Open eyes at 10~ 16 days old, open eyes at 15~ 17 days old, and the breathing frequency is accelerated, which is helpful to promote and maintain a higher body temperature. After 2 ~ 6 weeks, the body temperature rises to 36 ~ 39. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of puppies to prevent puppies from dying due to squeezing, trampling, abandonment and starvation of bitches (puppies are not allowed to eat less milk). Some puppies can't breathe when they are born, but bark, that is, they have suspended animation. At this time, they can swing their heads down and left and right, suck amniotic fluid out of the puppy's nose and mouth with a suction ball, wipe the nasal mucosa and whole body with an alcohol cotton ball, and gently press the chest wall rhythmically. Usually, after artificial respiration lasts for 3-4 minutes, the puppy can start breathing spontaneously. At this time, put the puppy in warm water at 39℃, wash away the dirt, dry it with a towel and put it in an incubator.

(2) Feeding of puppies

Childhood is the main stage of growth and development, and the body grows rapidly, which requires adequate nutrition. Generally speaking, the growth of body mass is mainly in the first three months, the growth of body length is mainly in the fourth to sixth months, and the growth of height is mainly after seven months. Therefore, different diets should be prepared according to different stages of development. Due to the sudden change of living conditions, weaned puppies often feel uneasy, lose appetite and get sick easily. At this time, the feed chosen should be palatable and digestible. Puppies within 3 months should be fed at least 4 times a day. For dogs with poor appetite, we can feed them first, then feed them well, and feed them less often. Good food before eating can keep the dog's appetite strong, and less feeding can make the dog feel unsatisfied all the time, so that he will not be bored and picky about the food. Puppies of 4~6 months have increased food intake and gained weight quickly, and need more feed every day, at least three times a day. Dogs after 6 months can be fed twice a day-the puppy's diet should be fed according to the original dog owner's diet first, and gradually change. Puppies within 3 months should be fed porridge, milk or soybean milk, and appropriate amount of chopped fish and cooked vegetables should be added. In order to reduce the feed cost without affecting the nutrition of puppies, pigs, cows, lungs and other organs can be cooked and chopped, and mixed with cooked food such as vegetables and corn flour to feed dogs. This is economical and practical, and dogs like to eat it. Some people think that if all dogs are fed meat, they can grow strong, but this is actually wrong. Eating whole meat can not only make dogs strong, but also lead to diarrhea in most dogs because of indigestion and difficulty in absorption. Although meat contains a lot of protein, there are less vitamins A, D, E and E, and there are less calcium and more phosphorus in meat. Eating meat for a long time is easy to cause bone formation disorder in puppies due to calcium and phosphorus imbalance, and it is easy to fracture or break limbs. It is not advisable to feed large dogs, such as Great Dane, too early, otherwise the forelimbs may bend. In puppy breeding, water is absolutely indispensable, so you should always put a basin of clear water in a fixed place for it to drink at will before and after eating and exercising. If a dog can drink enough clean water from an early age, it can make its development normal and its stomach healthy. Especially in summer and autumn, the weather is hot and the water in the body evaporates quickly, especially for active puppies. If water is not replenished in time, it is often easy to cause tissue water shortage or even dehydration, which will affect the health of dogs. It is best to let the dog drink some glucose water after exercise every day. (1~2 tablespoons of glucose powder, with appropriate amount of water). Feeding puppies should be supplemented with calcium powder and vitamins, which are necessary for the growth of teeth and bones. Especially purebred dogs with large skeleton, such as boxer and Great Dane, need calcium more in puppy period. Usually, the daily consumption of calcium powder for growing puppies under 1 year old is about 2 kg body weight 1 teaspoon of calcium powder. With the increase of age, the amount of calcium powder should be increased in proportion. After 1 year-old, because dogs have entered maturity, the growth of teeth and bones has stabilized, and the demand for calcium powder is relatively reduced. The dosage is about 4.5 kg body weight 1 teaspoon of calcium powder every day. However, there should be a proper amount of outdoor exercise every day, and after ultraviolet irradiation, it is beneficial to the absorption of calcium. Too much calcium powder is harmful. In feeding management, puppies need to invest more energy than adult dogs, especially to prevent a few puppies from overeating, so that other puppies can't eat enough. The daily food intake of each dog depends on the size of the dog, which depends on the observation of the breeder. Generally speaking, the degree of satiety or hunger can be seen from the feeding performance of dogs. If the dog eats quickly and swallows it, it means that there is no problem with appetite; After eating, there is still feed left in the basin, indicating that too much feeding may be too full; If the dog continues to lick the empty food bowl with its tongue, or looks at its owner with expectant eyes, it means that it is not full. Puppies should not be overfeed, and 70% to 80% is the best. In addition, because the gastrointestinal tract of puppies is still developing, more attention should be paid to hygiene to prevent gastrointestinal diseases.

Specific process:

Feeding and weaning:

Under normal circumstances, a litter of puppies is breastfed by the bitch until 3-5 weeks old. After 3 weeks, you can put some milk or breast milk on the plate, so that puppies can learn to lick from the plate to supplement nutrition, avoid stunting due to insufficient nutrition, and reduce the burden on bitches.

Weaning from bitch:

Puppies can start to give the trough food when they are almost three weeks old, and the commercial trough food can be used according to the instructions. You can also prepare it yourself. The method is to mix milk and baby cereal on a plate, take the puppy to the plate, put some of them in his mouth twice a day with his fingers, and then the puppy will eat it by himself. In some cases, it is necessary to take the bitch away to avoid the bitch interfering with the puppy's eating. When puppies are used to eating from the plate, they can gradually increase the feeding amount to three or four times a day, and then they can be given meat food. If you give fresh meat (because the meat lacks calcium), you need to supplement some bone meal to maintain the nutritional balance. Take turns using cans of various brands of puppies. Canned meat for adult dogs is better than fresh meat, but some bone meal should be added.

Puppies develop rapidly, and they should be fed more than adult dogs several times a day. If the bitch has enough milk and good breastfeeding conditions, don't hurry to wean, but if it is 5 weeks old, wean according to the above steps. A 6-week-old puppy doesn't need a bitch to breastfeed.

Feeding of developing adult dogs;

When puppies grow to 12 weeks, feed them three times a day until they are 6 months old, and then feed them twice a day until they are 9 months old. After that, you can feed them one or two meals a day with individuals or the environment.

Generally speaking, small dogs (especially toy dogs) eat two meals a day.

Correct eating habits:

Don't make your dog picky about food.

When feeding the puppy, put the food in, take the dog to the food place, keep quiet and let the dog eat. After 20-30 minutes, take away the food plate and the leftover food, and the leftover food can be stored in the refrigerator before the next meal (heated feeding).

Artificial rearing of puppies:

Generally speaking, the bitch will automatically take care of the newborn puppy, and the following special circumstances need artificial support: 1. Orphans, 2. Weakness, 3. Disease, 4. Premature delivery, 5. Rejected by the bitch, 6. Can't get the care of the bitch. Artificial feeding includes bottle feeding, cleaning body, stimulating defecation and keeping warm.

Artificial rearing of healthy puppies;

Milk replacer can be used directly (there are ready-made goods), and milk replacer can be prepared with a household mixer. Fresh milk replacer can be prepared every day, stored in the refrigerator and heated to 38℃ when feeding.

Artificial rearing of weak puppies;

Milk substitutes may be too strong for weak puppies. After diluting 2 parts of milk with 1 part of water, add about 10 g of glucose, then drop two drops of human infant vitamin, heat it to 38℃ and feed it every two hours.

Weak puppies eat very little at a time, and each feeding may take half an hour. If a weak puppy can't eat, it will soon fail and die. Try to drop milk into the dog's mouth. If it's not enough to eat, give it to the vet.

Whether artificially bred puppies can also breastfeed bitches;

Some nervous or neurotic bitches, if their puppies are disturbed or slightly changed, will completely reject the puppies, or constantly clean and lick the puppies that have been artificially raised and stroked until they are killed or even eaten. A weak or abandoned puppy, it is best to raise it artificially and not to send it back to the bitch.

Some bitches like to have their puppies taken care of. People should try not to touch the puppy when feeding. If it is necessary to touch the puppy, do not wash your hands with soap or detergent to avoid leaving a smell on the puppy. It is best to hold or touch the bitch first, and then hold the puppy, so as to cover up or confuse the smell left by the puppy.

When raising premature puppies artificially, it is best to do it with the bitch. On the one hand, it can stimulate the lactation of the bitch, on the other hand, it can end the artificial feeding as soon as possible and be fed by the bitch.

Puppy defecation:

When the bitch is breastfeeding, she will constantly lick the puppy's face and body to do cleaning work, and also lick the anus and other parts to stimulate the puppy to defecate and urinate. The discharged urine and feces are also licked clean by the bitch. In artificial breeding, the breeder should imitate the actions of the bitch, clean up the milk and dirt on the puppy's face and fur, scrub the anus and stimulate the puppy to urinate.

Constipation:

Puppies fed with breast milk substitutes are prone to constipation. Vaseline or mineral oil can be coated on a glass rod or thermometer and inserted into the anus to lubricate fecal particles. You can also add a few drops of mineral oil or sunflower oil to the fed milk replacer until constipation is improved. If constipation does not improve for more than a day, you should seek veterinary treatment.

Veterinary care for puppies;

Every puppy needs vaccination, deworming, dental examination and health examination. Please keep in touch with your veterinarian.

Insect repellent:

Puppies can be infected with intestinal parasites from bitches or milk. Puppy droppings can be packed in cartons for veterinary examination. If there are parasites, it must be insect repellent. Generally, the first deworming is done at the age of three weeks, once every 2-3 weeks, until 16 weeks. After 6 months, 12 months, deworming will be carried out again.

Preventive injection:

Dogs are everywhere in the world, and there are many serious infectious diseases on dogs. Puppies must be vaccinated to stay healthy. The main vaccination items are CD, CVH, CL, CP and rabies. The first inoculation was at 6 weeks old, and the second inoculation was about 2-4 weeks later. Your veterinarian will make appropriate adjustments and arrangements according to the local epidemic situation of dog diseases.

Various infectious diseases of dogs are prevalent in Taiwan Province province all year round. Dogs that have not completed vaccination should not go out or come into contact with other dogs. Common infectious diseases of dogs in Taiwan Province Province are: 1. Canine coronavirus enteritis, 2. Canine parvovirus enteritis, 3. Canine distemper, 4 Canine parainfluenza, 5. Canine infectious bronchitis, 6. Canine infectious hepatitis and 7. Leptospirosis canis These infectious diseases need to be vaccinated. Rabies is a legal infectious disease, so all dogs need to be vaccinated.

Passive immunization:

Please contact the veterinarian for artificially raised puppies that are not breastfed, and apply hyperimmune serum if necessary.

Teeth:

Puppies are born without teeth. When they are about 3-4 weeks old, they will grow a group of small and pointed deciduous teeth. When they are 4 months old, their permanent teeth will begin to grow. At this time, their gums will look slightly red and swollen.

Some puppies have teething symptoms, including fidgeting, refusing to eat, salivating and vomiting. Bite hard objects.

Permanent teeth cannot grow:

The permanent teeth of toy dogs often can't squeeze out deciduous teeth and can't grow out. If necessary, ask the veterinarian to check whether the deciduous teeth are pulled out.

The puppy's new home:

6-7-week-old puppies are more suitable to take to their new homes. Dogs will be more comfortable in their new home if they have more contact with people. It is said that 8-9 weeks old is a "fear period", just like the 8-month-old human baby, so it is necessary to avoid bringing it into a new home during this period. Small dogs or people with unstable breeds or young children (noisy at home) can be delayed until 10 weeks old. There are no clear rules for puppies to enter their new homes.

Fixed sleeping place:

Having a fixed sleeping place in the new home can increase the puppy's sense of security.

When the puppy arrived at his new home, he was separated from his parents, brothers and sisters, and really needed a place of his own. The first bed can be used temporarily by digging cardboard boxes.

Use newspaper as bedding and give a folded blanket. After teething, the puppy won't bite anything, and then give it a more solid and formal bed.

Food plate and water plate:

The food tray should be separated from the drinking tray, and the drinking tray should be supplied with water at any time.

Adopt a new puppy:

Adopt a new puppy, preferably in the morning, and let the puppy spend the whole day with you to get familiar with you and your new environment, so that the first night is better. Today is a big day for the puppy, so you should be as prepared as possible for the puppy. It's best to have someone hold the puppy when you take it away, so as to increase the dog's sense of security. If you want to drive, puppies usually get carsick and vomit. Please bring newspapers, toilet paper and other cleaning supplies.

See a vet:

It's best to ask a veterinarian to examine the puppies first, especially if there are any congenital diseases.

The most suitable time should be halfway home after adoption, so that when serious problems are found, they can be sent back to the breeder immediately. Dogs are always uncomfortable when they find problems after taking them home for a few days or weeks. There are many children, even adults, who get along with puppies for a few days and it is not easy to give up.

When you see a veterinarian, you should bring all the supporting documents and vaccination certificates. Please make an appointment with the veterinarian first to avoid any contact between the puppy and other sick dogs in the hospital.

Arrive at the new home:

Don't let the children disturb the puppy too much when he arrives at his new home. It's too stressful and confusing for the puppy.

Defecation training:

Puppies should be allowed to defecate when they arrive at their new home. They should be trained in defecation from the beginning. Take the puppies to the predetermined defecation place (yard or corner), spread them with newspapers and teach them to defecate at the designated place. Puppies should defecate every two hours or after meals.

The first meal:

At this time, the puppy may eat four meals a day, and the first meal is only two-thirds of the normal amount. Puppies may be excited, nervous or carsick. Puppies should keep their distance when eating, especially nervous puppies.

Meet other pets:

Dogs must be very careful when they meet other pets for the first time. Animals are mainly present, and aggressive animals (especially male dogs) will be angry with new animals. Always pay attention to the safety of puppies in the first week. Even if a friendly male dog may hurt his puppy in a fierce competition, socializing is necessary. Strengthen the training of puppies to learn good behavior from other adult dogs. When a dog grows up, it will establish its own social class and dominance. When two bitches are together, it won't take the lead. Older bitches have a higher rank. When two male dogs are together, the young male dog will constantly challenge the dominant position of the other male dog, and there may be fights.

Cat:

Cats are generally afraid of puppies and don't like puppies to break in. The cat may stay out of the house for the first few weeks until the cat accepts the new members of the family, and finally the two sides are generally peaceful. Trim the nails of the cat's front paws if necessary to prevent the puppy from being hurt.

The first night:

Let the puppy defecate before going to bed. Homesick puppies will be very upset and even cry if they can't see you when they sleep. There are two ways to deal with it. The first way is to ignore it until the puppy is quiet. Don't punish a puppy for crying. Punishment at this time will make the situation worse. Another way is to take the puppy to your bedroom for 2-3 weeks. This method will have bad consequences, and the child will take the puppy to bed like you.

How to raise a puppy

First residence

1. The puppy brought back for the first time will feel at a loss. You should keep it in a room, let it observe the new environment, but accompany it, lest it be afraid. Before it goes home, prepare food, food bowls, biting toys and a comfortable bed. A fence big enough. This fence will soon become its private residence. You can see everything at home. Prepare clear water. Toys can stimulate the interest of dogs and cultivate feelings with their owners.

2. Take safety measures at home.

Puppies are naturally curious and will try anything new by smelling and biting. You should take some simple measures to remove fragile things and make sure that the dog won't bite dangerous things such as wires. Pay attention to whether all power outlets are turned off. Chili oil can prevent puppies from biting.

Danger at home: In order to prevent the puppy from going out, lock the door and close the window. Keep wires, cleaning and decorative materials out of the reach of dogs. Take away valuables and emotional items temporarily until the puppy has passed the biting stage. Move the fragile things, too.

Indoor training

Dogs are naturally clean and don't want to get dirty where they sleep. They like to pee in certain places. As a dog owner, you should train him to urinate in the place you specify.

1, dogs should pee after eating, drinking, playing and sleeping.

2, sniffing on the ground, often the puppy is signaling to pee, and some puppies will run over at the same time. At this time, you only have a few seconds to stop it and put it in the designated place.

3. Quickly put the dog on the newspaper, put an old newspaper with urine and a new newspaper together, let the dog smell its own smell and encourage it to urinate in this newspaper again.

It is very important to praise the puppy after urinating in the newspaper. If it makes a mistake, it can only be punished slightly. No heavy punishment. That will make it afraid of you.

About diet

1, food suitable for dogs.

(1) Special food for puppies, such as dog food and canned food: I usually use Lu Bao's puppy bag, and the dog food is French royal puppy food or Lubao Yiwei puppy food. Personally, I think imperial food is the best, but it's a little expensive. However, these foods are used to feed dogs for more than two months, because I feed Chihuahua, which will eat for more than two months.

(2) Puppy milk powder has special puppy milk powder, but I haven't bought it. Hehe, I use skim milk powder, which is Nestle's Lido refined milk powder, but I want to buy it in bags. It's my first time to buy a barrel. Boy, I haven't eaten for months. If it is a large dog, you can buy it in barrels.

(3) The advantage of yolk yolk is that it is not only rich in protein, but also contains vitamin A, calcium and minerals that are easy to digest and absorb.

(4) Although beef, pork and chicken are excellent foods, it is advisable to choose fat-free parts when feeding puppies, because fat is easy to deteriorate. But feed it cooked, not raw meat!

2. Food not suitable for puppies

(1) frozen milk

(2) Meat containing a lot of fat.

(3) Irritating foods such as acid, spicy and salty.

(4) Large and medium-sized puppies with small bones can be fed with large bones rich in calcium, and never feed chicken, fish, duck bones, etc.

(5) Pastry Generally speaking, dogs don't need to feed cakes.

(6) chicken liver, etc. Don't feed it.

Generally, feed the puppy more than once a day, and usually eat less, usually three or four times. Don't keep the dog too full, it will break easily. I fed my Chihuahua puppies with milk powder and egg yolk, and it was not until three months that I began to feed them the wonderful bag of puppies and the food of French royal puppies. For dogs kept by ordinary friends, I can feed them dog food and canned food for two months. Lu Bao's puppy bag I suggest everyone feed their puppies. Dog food for puppies must be softened with water before eating, but big dogs don't need it. Their teeth are very good. My Saint Bernard eats dog food directly, and her appetite is amazing. I suggest that friends who have dogs feed their dogs with dog food. They can often change brands and give dogs dog food with different appetites. It's best not to feed us human food. The following is the dog food I recommend, which does not mean advertising!

1, Birigie puppies series

Amy Young Adult Dog Series

3. Royal Puppy Series

What kind of vaccine should puppies be injected with?

Puppies over 6 weeks old must be immunized three times.

The puppies were injected with combined vaccine for the first time at the age of 6 weeks;

The second time, at the age of 8-9 weeks, the puppies were injected with canine six-vaccine;

For the third time, the puppies were injected with canine six-vaccine at 12 weeks old;

In the future, you should be injected with canine seven vaccine once a year.

It must be noted that it is not allowed to arbitrarily change the immunization age, extend the interval date and reduce the number of vaccinations, otherwise it will inevitably affect immunity. In addition, dogs can only get strong immunity 2 weeks after completing the immunization program, so don't take the dog out for a walk or contact with other dogs before.

Why should dogs be vaccinated regularly?

Because vaccination can make dogs acquire specific resistance to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of infectious diseases. Under normal circumstances, healthy dogs should be vaccinated with α' seven vaccines, including rabies, canine distemper, canine parvovirus, canine infectious hepatitis, canine parainfluenza, leptospira canis and hemorrhagic jaundice in dogs. Among them, rabies is a very serious zoonotic disease, so the state stipulates that vaccination should be carried out regularly. Secondly, we should inject two vaccines, canine distemper and canine parvovirus. The morbidity and mortality caused by these two viruses are extremely high. Dog owners must be vaccinated in order to protect the health of dogs and prevent infectious diseases.

When will the dog be deworming?

Generally speaking, I suggest that dogs can be deworming for 8 weeks, and then every 3 weeks until 16 weeks. After that, it will be deworming once every six months. I have a post about deworming, you can have a look.

Under what circumstances should a puppy see a vet?

There are many tears or purulent secretions in the eyes, so I don't like to open them. There are watery, mucus-like and pus-like secretions in the nasal endoscope. It is dry and cracked. There is a bad smell in the ears and secretions. I have loss of appetite, cough, diarrhea, convulsions, trembling, vomiting, bloody stool or worms. I am thin, mentally ill and sleepy. My skin is red, swollen, itchy, with red spots and hair removal.

How to bathe a dog?

In order to keep dogs clean, prevent dogs from smelling and expelling parasites, and prevent dogs from suffering from skin diseases, dogs should be bathed regularly. When taking a bath, the temperature of water should be around 38 degrees. Wet the dog's hair with warm water when taking a bath. Don't let the bath water flow into the dog's eyes and ears when taking a bath, otherwise it will cause conjunctivitis and otitis media. In addition, clean the detergent with clear water, otherwise it will cause dermatitis. Dry the dog's hair with a towel after washing, and also dry the tail and ass, because these parts are easy to get dirty. Long-haired dogs should be dried with a hair dryer immediately. When using the hair dryer, the hair dryer should be slowly close to the dog's body to avoid the dog being scared; Don't get the hair dryer too close to the dog to avoid scalding the dog's hair. The number of baths depends on the season and the pollution degree of dog hair. Generally, it is advisable to wash 1-2 times a week in summer, and the number of baths can be reduced in winter.

Note: Use special shower gel for dogs, which is available in supermarkets. You can choose the one that suits your dog!

Finally, I want to say that what dogs like to grind their teeth most is our smelly socks, so we should put away our socks and shoes. I remember that one of my Pomeranian dogs once bit me on a pair of expensive leather shoes. We can buy some dog chewing gum for him to eat, not colored, including pigment and beef strips, which dogs love to eat. if