The story about Dragon Boat Festival

The origin of ancient traditional festivals is related to ancient primitive beliefs, sacrificial culture, astronomical phenomena, calendars and other humanistic and natural cultural contents. What is the origin of Dragon Boat Festival? What are the legends and stories?

First, the story of the origin of Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival originated from the worship of astronomical phenomena and evolved from the ancient Dragon Boat Festival. On the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, the black dragon spent seven nights in the sky, which is the day of the dragonfly. As the fifth poem in The Book of Changes and the Melon says, "The dragon is in the sky". At noon, Long Xing is both a "win" and a "right" and a symbol of good luck.

Dragon Boat Festival, originally founded by ancestors in the south, is a festival to worship the ancestors of dragons. It is said that Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State in the Warring States Period, jumped into the Miluo River on May 5th and committed suicide. Later, people also took the Dragon Boat Festival as a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan. There are also sayings in memory of Wu Zixu, Cao E and meson push.

Generally speaking, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the ancient ancestors' choice of "Dragon Ascending to Heaven" as an auspicious day to worship the dragon ancestors, and injected the seasonal fashion of "eliminating diseases and preventing epidemics" in summer. The Dragon Boat Festival is considered as "the evil day of the moon", which originated in the northern part of the Central Plains and was attached to commemorate Qu Yuan and other historical figures.

The formation of the Dragon Boat Festival custom can be said to be the product of the integration of North and South customs. The word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local chronicles of the Western Jin Dynasty: "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival is also called May 5, which is the same as the summer solstice."

Duan, which means beginning and beginning in ancient Chinese, is called "Dragon Boat Festival", that is, "the fifth day". Shuowen Jiezi: "Duan is also the subject of the birth of all things", which means that "Duan" means the beginning, so the fifth day of May is called "Dragon Boat Festival". "Guangji at the Age of Years" said: "The dust people in the capital take the first day of May as the first end, the second day as the second end, and the number is even five." The ancients used to call the first few days of May end to end. Therefore, the first afternoon in May is called Dragon Boat Festival.

But the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have existed for a long time, such as dragon boat racing and sacrifice. The ancients took heavenly stems and earthly branches as the carrier, and the heavens and the earth supported the way of the earth, and set up heavenly stems and earthly branches to contract the fate of heaven and earth. Ancient people used heavenly stems and earthly branches to represent calendar year, calendar month, calendar day and calendar time. According to the calendar, according to the order of the twelve earthly branches, May is called "noon month" and noon day is called "heavy noon", so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called "Duanyang".

At the beginning of the Dragon Boat Festival, it mainly spread in southern wuyue, and appeared in the form of "totem sacrifice". Ancient ancestors took "dragon" as a totem and chose to sacrifice on the Dragon Boat Festival, which was actually a festival to worship the ancestors of the dragon at that time.

Second, the story about the characters of the Dragon Boat Festival.

1, in memory of Qu Yuan

According to the history book Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, Qu Yuan (about 339 BC-about 278 BC) and Danyang (now Zigui County, Yichang City, Hubei Province) were ministers of Chu Huaiwang in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Qu Yuan's real name is Ping, but his surname is Mi, not Qu. According to legend, Qu Yuan advocated using talents and empowering people to make them rich, and urged them to unite against Qin, which was strongly opposed by others. Qu Yuan was deposed, expelled from Beijing, and exiled to Yuan and Xiang river basins. During his exile, he wrote poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen, Jiu Ge and so on, which were concerned about the country and the people.

In 278 BC, Qin Jun invaded Kyoto, Chu. Qu Yuan was heartbroken to see his motherland being invaded, but he couldn't bear to abandon his motherland. On May 5th, after Qu Yuan wrote Huai Sha, he jumped into the Miluo River and wrote a magnificent patriotic movement with his own life.

After Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, the local people immediately rowed to rescue him. In order to mourn, people rowed on rivers, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. People were afraid that fish in the river would eat his body, so they went home and threw rice balls into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from ruining Qu Yuan's body. Later, eating zongzi became a custom.

According to the literature, the earliest connection between Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival is the mythical novel "The Sum of Continued Qi" written by Wu Yun of Nanliang in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At this time, Qu Yuan has been dead for more than 750 years. It can be seen from the lost text of Customs Tong (written by Ying Shao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty) copied by Ou Yangxun in the Tang Dynasty that Qu Yuan was already in the folklore of the Dragon Boat Festival when Xu Dong, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, but it was more than 400 years since Qu Yuan died.

Although many Dragon Boat Festival customs have nothing to do with Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan's patriotic spirit and touching poems have been deeply rooted in people's hearts for thousands of years, so people "cherish it as filial piety, tell it to the world and spread it to the Tao". Therefore, the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan has the widest and deepest influence and occupies the mainstream position. In the field of folk culture, China people associate dragon boat racing and eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival with commemorating Qu Yuan.

2. In memory of Wu Zixu.

The second legend of the Dragon Boat Festival is that May 5th is to commemorate Wu Zixu in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC).

Wu Ju, the ancestor of Wu Zixu, was famous for his honest advice, so his descendants were also famous in Chu. Wu Zixu's family was persecuted in Chu and went to Wu. Reused by He Lv, the king of Wu, he defeated Chu, moved to Qi and Jin in the north, served the Yue people in the south, and worshipped Xiang Guogong.

After Fu Cha, the king of Wu, succeeded to the throne, Wu Zixu thought that Yue should be wiped out in one fell swoop, but Fu Cha was subdued by Ai Bo and refused to listen to the idea of "uniting together to resist Yue". In 484, he gave Wu Zixu a sword and committed suicide. Zi Xu committed suicide in anger, leaving his last words, asking his family to gouge out his eyes after his death and hang them on the east gate, watching the Vietnamese army destroy Wu.

Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, was furious and abandoned Wu Zixu's body in Qiantang River. Later, the State of Wu was destroyed by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and Fu Cha was ashamed to meet Wu Zixu in the underworld. He covered his eyes with a white cloth before he raised his sword to commit suicide.

Because Wu Zixu's body sank into Qiantang River earlier than Qu Yuan, some documents think that the custom of China Dragon Boat Festival is related to Wu Zixu, but not to Qu Yuan.

3, in memory of filial daughter Cao E said

The third legend of the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Cao E, the filial daughter of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who saved her drowning father.

Cao E (130-143), a native of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was greeted by his father Cao Xu on May 5 (Han Danchun wrote Cao E Monument: "On May 5, I will welcome Wu Jun at any time." "Wu Jun" means "Wu Zixu") drowned in Shunjiang River, and the body disappeared for several days. At that time, Cao E, the filial daughter, was only fourteen years old, crying day and night by the river.

17 days later, he also threw himself into the river on May 22nd. Five days later, Cao E's body surfaced with his father's body in his arms. This was passed down as a myth, and then to the governor of the county government, who made it a monument for disciple Han Danchun to make a eulogy.

Later, the village where he lived was renamed Cao E, and the river that mourned his father was Cao E River, and a temple was built to comfort his filial piety.

There is also a legend that Cao E threw himself into the river on May 5, and did not investigate the drowning time of his father.

As a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, Dragon Boat Festival bears a heavy historical culture and rich humanistic spirit. In this festival, we can deeply feel the long history and profoundness of China culture. Since ancient times, people have been singing and dancing at this time to express their blessings. When the Dragon Boat Festival comes, we should also express our blessings and respect in various ways, and pray for the prosperity of the motherland, social harmony and stability, and people's livelihood.