All customs related to white things

Mainly in Beijing and Tianjin. .....................

The traditional customs of white affairs in Tianjin are divided into "big family" and "well-off family".

The preparation work is very troublesome. As soon as a person dies (here refers to the death of an old man who lost his home, which is enough for people who do white things), he will immediately find a bosom friend to study and deal with it. All preparation is nothing more than the number of ways to spend money, including invitation, setting and searching. Lease, order, purchase, system and other items.

Order:

1. The main manager was invited to prepare for the person who managed the funeral. He must have experience in doing this kind of thing and be able to get in touch with related industries in society. It is also necessary to equip several deputies to obey the command of the general manager (some are called the prime minister) in order to provoke the burden in an orderly manner. Whether the funeral can be held smoothly has a lot to do with the general manager.

2. The establishment of the accounting office is generally to find relatives and friends to serve as the accounting office. He is responsible for all kinds of expenses, establishing accounts, including registering libation and elegiac couplets, memorials, plaques, wreaths, paper workers and "classics" sent by relatives and friends, and then calculating the expenses and paying the labor expenses.

3. The first thing to find a bar room is an auspicious board (mortuary board), which is called Zuo Zuo. This board is painted with gold characters and longevity characters, and there are also golden flowers on two stools.

4. Carve coffins. There are two situations. One is that this house has long been reserved for the elderly; Secondly, after death, people are now treated as coffins or materials from funeral homes to wood shops. The selected raw materials are transported to the door and are now made by wood shop workers. Longevity wood also has a north-south style. Buried in the old society, coffins alone cost a lot of money. The most delicate and precious (and the rarest) is dark wood, followed by golden nanmu and cypress. Generally speaking, it is made of thirteen rounds of Chinese fir, that is, thirteen Chinese fir trees are carved into a coffin. Except what has been painted, it is all buried stubble, and then painted (a large piece of paint is baked with charcoal fire once). Later, I will write on the head of the coffin (white characters) and draw lotus flowers behind the coffin.

5. There are several kinds of scaffolding for finding a shed. Some only build flat sheds, and some pay attention to "ridging sheds" and bring flowers to live. Some people build greenhouses, two thin mats, a patio and a blue crane ceiling. The shed at the gate should be built above the street-facing building, upstairs, on the ridge of the field, and hung with colored nets. The shed in the courtyard is equipped with stained glass windows, some of which have moon doors with railings, and the platform (Lingtai) has tapestries with railings. The shed is spacious and bright, which can be used to hang the "land and water" when offering sacrifices, elegiac couplets and chanting. In addition, in order to entertain relatives and friends, it is quite expensive to set up a guest shed and a small stove shed in the open space of hutong.

6. Rent tables, chairs and benches for white workers, and rent five plates, teapots, tea bowls and other utensils placed on the spirit table from the white goods store.

7. It is also important to find a teahouse for nothing. On the surface, they are here to serve the guests, but in fact, in the days after the funeral, taking a nap and other actions will play a very important role. Therefore, waiters must be familiar with the funeral procedures and all kinds of etiquette, and also understand the relationship between the mourners and the deceased. They have a certain number of "working" ways in the aspects of classics, mourning, receiving three, sending the road, dressing up, offering sacrifices to the door, and sending quotations. Attendants are the most cautious in these activities, and at every juncture, they must meet the etiquette requirements and cannot be negligent. There are several relatives in the main family, such as aunts, aunts, uncles, etc., who love to "find fault". In the past, there was a large family doing white work, and the etiquette of the waiter serving the dutiful son was flawed. As a result, my aunt slapped the waiter in the face 1, and some well-known waiters easily dared not take the job of a big family. However, they made a lot of money. After a big revelation, they can get thousands of dollars (several waiters). They have to count money for every activity, such as giving a mourning dress, chanting and saluting, offering sacrifices to the door, seeing them off, and picking up the third place. As long as there are activities, they can get a sum of money.

8. Looking for a white goods store means renting things used in the funeral process in the white goods store, such as the funeral list rack, as well as all flags, gongs, umbrellas, fans, snow willows and various ceremonial utensils and objects in the funeral process.

9. There are two kinds of trumpeters. One is a team playing "Da Le", which uses suona, trombone, drum and gong, and its qupai is "Preface to the King of Gao Jiawen". The other is a fine band, which has instruments such as sheng, wind, flute and cloud gong, commonly known as "Ten Fan Music".

10. The binding color is the bookbinder, paper horse, etc. Some are carefully made, as tall as real people, dressed in silk, hemp, silk and other clothes, and some are made of Jinshan Yinshan, trees, houses and indoor furniture. , are customized according to demand.

1 1. Find a tailor's shop. Everyone pays attention to mourning before death. There is a difference between filial piety. People who should wear mourning clothes in this family should not accept the hem of mourning clothes, but should accept the mourning clothes of relatives with other surnames. In addition, the male and female servants of this family are given a mourning dress and taken away. After filial piety and free service, the host family will not take it back. The tailor will do it as soon as you are informed.

12. Book a banquet for the funeral. Starting with coats, we have to prepare meals for our guests, which are cooked by our chef. On weekdays, there is no table, but there must be at least eight dishes. In the last three days, tables should be set to entertain guests, some as many as 100 tables, all of which are excellent banquets with delicacies, divided into major religious and Muslim seats, and vegetarian seats are needed. These are all made in advance by the hotel inviting the master to come to our home to decorate the stove. In the old society, there were some freeloaders. Even if you don't know the host family who arranged the wedding, as long as you do, try to sneak in and sit down for dinner. There are many guests and seats in the greenhouse, and no one knows anyone. So it often happens that people leave after eating and wiping their mouths, and some eat this round one.

13. Sporadic purchases, such as small oil lamps, pottery pots (also called burial pots, which were dropped when the dutiful son left the mourning hall) and life jars, were wrapped in red ropes and held in the arms of housewives when attending the funeral; Secondly, such as white bone hair clasp, white head rope (used for tying the head) and so on.

14. Rent a white sedan chair and a carriage for the funeral of the filial wife, and the carriage will be used by the relatives and friends of the women, the old and the young who attend the funeral.

mantle

The shroud of the deceased is quite complicated. Since the Republic of China, regardless of whether the deceased had "fame" in the past, most large families have worn "official clothes" (official clothes of the Qing Dynasty). Men * * * wear seven pieces: a single trousers jacket made of cloth, cotton-padded trousers with a small round birthday in the moonlight made of silk, a blue silk robe with a birthday, an embroidered plain gold gown and a plain blouse. Shirt has no collar, no buttons and no tripping, red tassels on the head, boots on the feet, cotton socks and beads on the feet. If you were famous in the past, it would be more troublesome, and all officers would wear it. There are also seven women, wearing cloth trousers tops, cotton trousers tops, big cotton-padded jackets, mourning clothes and skirts. The coats are all embroidered in Ping Jin, wearing rockhopper and headdress, and there is also a lotus pendant, a wishful hairpin, a nine-ring necklace and a pair of pearl earrings, all of which are red and gold. Its crown is made of some bamboo flowers, and the nine-ring chain is made of sandalwood.

Pearls have many uses, such as nailing one on the toe of men's and women's shoes and containing one in the population. This kind of ostentation and extravagance is just to show one's wealth, and it has no other meaning. Then there is the so-called "spread gold and cover silver". Cotton mattresses with yellow silk birthday, singles with white silk birthday, sea mattresses and sea quilts are all embroidered with red and green silk and peace gold, with seven clouds and nine clouds. The more clouds, the more expensive. There is a round hole on the sea quilt, which can show the face of the dead, and then apply a sudra quilt (with yellow silk printed with the Buddha statue and the design of the past curse, etc. ), as well as headrests and foot pillows, are all made of yellow silk, floating three-dimensionally on the lotus, and inlaid with various Zi Ling on the petals of the lotus. The shroud of the female surname is Hanfu, and some are worn according to the costumes of the Qing empress.

In a word, shroud and accessories are extremely luxurious, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people.

decorate

1. All mirrors, hanging calligraphy and paintings, and bronzes on cabinets in each room are covered or pasted with white sheets, and decorations with colorful flowers on the table are turned to the back. The sheets, curtains, chair covers and cushions in the dutiful son's house have all been replaced with white cloth, but the granddaughter's wife's room has to be replaced with "thin" cloth.

2. Exterior car layout All doors are sealed with white paper, just like sticking Spring Festival couplets. The doorframe and heart of the street gate are also sealed with white paper.

notification

1. After the funeral arrangements were made, the funeral of relatives and friends began. The funeral service sticker is a pink note posted in the name of an old servant at home. Its content is:

Inform the host (or old lady, old gentleman, old lady) that XXX will die in X, X, X, and set it at X, X, X, and knock at the door.

Go to the printing factory (or your own mimeograph) to print several copies and distribute them to relatives and friends (open a "valve" in advance and deliver them by name and address) to greet the mourners.

2. The funeral list is shaped like an old hat mirror with a flower tooth on it, which is about 5 feet high and 3 feet wide. The center is written on white paper and put in the gate.

3. Hang a black lacquer wooden pole with money paper, put a white copper hook on the head, and hang a wisp of white paper (with money printed on it), each string has three pieces, the four corners are connected, and the lower end is cut into a sharp (male) or concave (female surname). This figure depends on the age of the deceased. Inserted in the wooden seat, the male left and the female right are placed in the doorway.

4. Use three Chinese fir poles to erect the pole outside the door, paint it with white powder, and the male left and the female right stand up, with a piece of paper paste of "Young Riding Crane" on the pole.

There is another one: if the deceased's parents are alive, if the door is not sealed properly and the pole is not erected, his spiritual bed can't be parked in the front room, but in the next room.

Small funerals and mourning clothes

1. The procedures in Xiao Yi are basically the same. Some people start to have their hair cut, shaved and cleaned before the old man dies, and women should comb their hair. After that, the dutiful son and daughter dressed the old man in small clothes, and the outer layer of the shroud was easy to handle.

2. After the incense owner gave up his breath, he lit a stick of incense, sent it from the house to the gate and threw it into the street. At the same time, the paper burners, paper horses and paper sedan chairs require the deceased to ride horses and take sedan chairs. When moving from the bed to the auspicious board, please also ask Yin and Yang to look at the direction. This is called "sleeping". Put on a shroud, put a sesame seed cake in your sleeve, and put a gold and silver ingot in your right hand and left hand.

There is a small table in front of Ling, on which there are incense burners, candle sticks, oil lamps, ash and fruit offerings. Light a incense (burn both ends), and then burn paper money one by one. You can't serve food until the coat is finished. You can roll up the paper and burn it after the coat is finished.

3. "Filial piety" and "filial piety" are people (relatives) with other surnames who wear filial piety. That is, a filial son or wife and a servant (or waiter) hold a wooden tea tray together, put mourning clothes on it, and kowtow before going to see others. The waiter took the tray in one fell swoop and the waiter helped put it on. The other is to provide mourning clothes for your uncle or grandson.

The dutiful son is older than the child and has to kneel and kowtow. (The dutiful son and wife all kneel on their legs when they meet relatives, friends and mourners, while other men and women in mourning clothes in this room kneel on one leg. There is a proverb: "filial sons flow all over the street, and everyone kowtows first." Grandparents wear uniforms made of bleached cloth, black mandarin jackets, hats with bleached cloth hoops and a bleached belt around their waist. Grandparents Sun put a red fluffy ball behind their backs.

Filial piety is for the daughter-in-law (XX granddaughter-in-law) who has never been to the door. This is a symbolic mourning dress. The family uses a tray, puts a piece of white cloth on it, passes it through with red wool and gives it to the woman. The woman was accepted by her family, picked up the red line, picked up the white cloth, and then put the reward. If these women give a drink offering such as Ladan before the funeral, the bereaved woman will return a table to her.

4. mourning is divided into south ceremony and north ceremony, which is nothing more than a thick white cloth robe and a belly. Some people pin an old money on both sides of their hats with hemp on it, while others wear straight hats. At the funeral, the hemp of the dutiful son should be cut off by more than one inch, called "please hemp" and put into the material. Then seal the shoes with white cloth and nail a piece of red cloth at the heel, which means

The younger generation "stays blessed".

Before and after the funeral

If all the above are just some ostentation and extravagance with feudal remnants in the old society, then we will expose all kinds of purely superstitious "passers-by" and behaviors.

1. When the deceased was properly parked, several monks were asked to chant Buddhist scriptures in a square circle to show that they were dead. Monks can also do business. For example, some temples send monks to inquire. Whenever they see a banner outside the house, they will rush to turn the spell. After that, all the chanting activities must invite people from their temples. Really want to die.

2. The procedure of welcoming materials is simple. When the coffin enters the house, please invite an old lady with a liter of sorghum and a pair of red cloth pants, please go to the door, put them in the empty coffin and shout "welcome money". At the same time, filial wives also cried and said, "Father (mother) welcomes wealth!"

3. Enter the alkali, the so-called funeral is to see the Yin and Yang master first, and the drummer is invited to play Tianjin Da Yue first. There were flags, gongs, umbrellas and fans in the courtyard, and the sound of gongs stung people for a while. Filial piety men hold the corpse's head and filial piety women hold the corpse's feet, so a five-foot white cloth is wrapped around the middle waist and put into the coffin. Wrapped tightly in red envelopes (wool paper wrapped in papyrus paper), put the buried crystal. Then cover your face with new cotton, which is called "opening your face". Then dip the silver needle into the clear water in the basin and make a virtual stroke on the face, which is called "opening the light". Then wipe your mouth and face with cotton dipped in water. At that time, filial sons and daughters stood on both sides of the coffin to watch. At this time, the waiter announced that everything was ready and asked the family members to have a look. At this time, it is also the time to bid farewell to the body. The waiter shouted, "Who else is watching?" If no one is watching, the child will be released by the mind.

Cover ",apply the seal, and then float on the big cover. Everyone was crying. At this time, they will take down the paper containing money and put it in the paper man or paper belly to burn.

After his death, he began to serve meals in front of the spirit in the morning and evening. Burn cock crow paper at dawn and dusk paper at night. When serving, the filial wife will cry for a while. After a person dies, the pillow he is resting on is first taken apart and placed under the coffin. After the funeral, the contents were poured out and burned, and the pillow skin was thrown away. This is called "inverted pillow"

Head ".

4. Fold the white paper, cut it into a net bag, put gold and silver paper in the bag, and insert a pomegranate flower with red paper in the mouth. Once every seven days, once on the seventh day, twice the next day, and so on until the seventh day.

The night after Jie San's death, I gave him a sutra (male monk, female Taoist), and gave it to him after midnight. The chanting people put on vestments, beat instruments, chant scriptures on the high platform (or front yard) outside the door, and burn all kinds of papers in the open space. At the same time, a straw mat was placed behind the terrace outside the door, and all dutiful sons, their families and relatives knelt on the straw mat facing west (this move refers to the last visit of the deceased to his family on the homesick terrace). At a certain stage, the whole family burst into tears. Then there is the "flame mouth". The monk said "Call ghosts from all walks of life". When the name of the deceased is read, the family members raise their clothes. Monks throw small steamed buns, some of which contain copper coins. Watching the children scrambling to pick it up. It is purely superstitious to say that you are not afraid to eat.

6. Generally speaking, a coffin is at home for at least three to five sevens (periods) (thirty-five days) and at most seven sevens (forty-nine days). Not every day, but a "seven" one. In addition to the scriptures invited at home, there are also close relatives who "send the scriptures". The cost of reading a tent sutra is also different. Generally speaking, it costs 200 yuan to go to 300 yuan at a time.

The "procedure" of chanting is also very complicated. On this day, the temple sent a box first, which was arranged in advance There are several tables in the shed, hung with red silk embroidery, and there are Buddha stands, incense burners, wax sticks and various musical instruments on the tables. There is a "happy door" embroidered with red silk at the table. There are ten "Water and Land" hanging on the four walls of the shed, with ten halls of Yanjun painted on them. Hang a piece of cloth on the banner outside the door. This is all the work to be done in paving the way in the temple. At first, it was a monk's casual clothes (ordinary monk's clothes)

Sit down and read a phone call. Monks usually recite the Diamond Sutra (with nuns). In the afternoon, when they were "burning the door", the row shop called for the monk to "take the clothes". They put on embroidered robes (commonly known as vestments), put on robes and play musical instruments.

7. Burn door paper. At dusk, the monk will be in front, the waiter will hold the plate, and there will be a "sparse" guide, followed by some documents, followed by filial piety, and finally the owner and dutiful son. These people lined up, passed the prescribed road, and then walked to a clearing. The waiter handed the tray to the dutiful son, ordered "sparse" and ordered paper. After these ceremonies, monks will still go back to their homes or temples for a while, and then come back at night to set fire to the burners.

8. There are two kinds of flame throwers. One is that there is an ordinary flamethrower behind the "three links", and the other is more complicated, including the following three points: ① Lighting: First, install two coherent iron wires and pulleys under the platform. There is a wooden crane in front of the spirit. On the wooden crane, there is a boy's puppet of worshipping Buddha. The boy has a wooden pallet in his hand, which can illuminate the three lights. Before and after pulling with white rope, the lamp is folded in half with yellow and white paper, cut into chrysanthemum shape and put into wick (or small candle). There is also a custom of doing white things in Beijing, that is, putting the deceased on the auspicious board and starting to "spread snuff", which is nothing more than a way to attract street lamps to shine, similar to Tianjin. The number of snuff is proportional to the age of the deceased. Each snuff walks on the rope for about two or three minutes, but it can't be fast. The dutiful son has been kneeling in front of the spirit for a long time, and sometimes he has to be temporarily replaced by the dutiful son. ② Cross the bridge. This is "running" down from the rope in front of Lingqian. ③ Ten thrones. Is to use the table to build a big platform in the hospital, about four tables stacked together into a platform, * * * four floors, four meters high. Monks who recite scriptures all wear vestments. Sitting in the middle of the fourth floor is the "big seat", with a bell in his hand and five Buddha crowns on his head. Monks on both sides play musical instruments. Such as drums, cymbals, gongs, chimes, chimes, wooden fish, pipes, gongs, flutes, etc. And the "elders" in yellow and red robes sat at the bottom. The dutiful son should listen to the chanting on his knees. This is all a move of the "Northern School", and its significance is to leapfrog. Among them, the waiter plays a great role in guiding the filial son's various activities at the venue.

9. After the family sacrifice, there will be a family sacrifice at noon, and the filial son will offer three gifts.

10. After the opening of the family sacrifice, it is considered as a "ceremony". At this time, you can receive relatives and friends who come to mourn. There is a group of trumpeters outside the door. Whenever guests come in, they will blow for a while and inform the house. On both sides of the platform, the dutiful son is kneeling, and Taichung is covered with a red carpet. As soon as the guests saluted on the stage, the fine music class under the stage began to play (the guests politely lifted the red carpet before saluting), and the family members under the stage waited to thank the guests (one-legged). When the guests left, the waiter rang the bell next to them, and the wonderful music stopped. The hostess (usher) presented a silk flower to hang on her chest and accompanied her to the guest house to have a rest.

1 1. The loose posts are folded into dark gray or khaki, and the words "obituary" are printed on the outer page. The content text is: the unfilial person XXX is sinful, does not perish, and the disaster is delayed.

Obviously, XXX(X's mother) died in X, X, X, and was born at the age of X, X, X and XX. Unfilial people serve in the side, eyes drooping. I'm sorry about that. The obituary was chosen to receive the Zen sutra on X month X day.

X month x day, seventh day, delivered to the library.

X month x day carving quotation

Compassion, tears for blood.

Father's death is called aloof, and mother's death is called sad son.

There are too many games to prepare.

This is the whole content of posting, another manifestation of feudal ethics.

12. The subject, also known as the "spiritual book", is a wooden tablet with the names of the deceased (some with official titles) written on it. Exquisite is sandalwood, with a seat and a wooden cover. 1. Calligraphers and celebrities are invited to write about the God Lord and call him the title Lord. At the time of inscription, the dutiful son went to put on mourning clothes, put on auspicious clothes (blue robe, jacket), knelt on the red carpet under the table, kowtowed to see the guests off after writing, and then went to the table.

13. It takes a lot of effort to point to the Lord just by clicking a red dot on the god who has already written. The person invited by the owner should invite prestigious civil servants, which is called "the owner". The invitees went to the funeral parlour, beating gongs to clear the way, dressed in plain clothes, carrying big sedan chairs in eight places and carrying official clothes with them. Upon arrival, he changed his official clothes in the living room and was greeted by "auspicious people". The dutiful son knelt down in "auspicious clothes". Sit at a table with "with the Lord" written on both sides. When an official touches cinnabar with a new brush, he adds a red dot to the word "God" (some dutiful sons add a blood spot when they pierce the middle finger). Accompanied by the two of them, one company dipped in red and the other company wrote. After that, you must send a ceremony or mat to your funeral home.

Before and after the funeral

1. The whole process of seeing off went on until the "banquet" and "seeing off" were close to the eve of the funeral. Banquet for guests, as mentioned earlier, is not repeated here. After dinner, the flag gongs and umbrella fans and the title cards of the deceased are the leaders, followed by trumpeters, monks or Taoist priests, and the waiter (Zhike Tea Room) guides the guests forward, followed by relatives and immediate family members of my family. Finally, with the help of two waiters, the dutiful son took a card slot and went to an empty place to burn it, while the monk blew it. After the completion, the dutiful son kowtowed to thank the guests and then left. Deacons and others went home and played late into the night. This is called "sitting in a shed".

When you come back from the road, all your close relatives and friends can stay in the funeral home. When I was a child, my relatives and family bowed to the coffin in order and played fine music, which was called "Ciling". After the ceremony, you should "sweep the soil" and put it under the dutiful son's mattress. Then there is "coffin embedding", that is, it is embedded in a corner of the coffin, and a copper coin is placed below to show mourning, and a string of colorful silk threads is hung on the coffin.

Picking up a can is the last item. Put five kinds of miscellaneous grains in a prepared longevity jar, and then the dutiful son and others will pick up the dishes that the deceased loved before his death and put them in the jar. The waiter took chopsticks and put an apple in his mouth. The red cloth cover is wrapped in red wool into a net and placed on the coffin head. This is all operated by the waiter. When it is ready to be quoted, the "whole person" will put the jar in his daughter-in-law's arms and go to the funeral in a sedan chair or car.

The initiation ceremony is a funeral. After breakfast, invite guests to dinner and wait for the funeral after dinner. The loss of a son standing to eat shows anxiety and sadness.

The monks, Taoist priests, nuns, lamas, bands and trumpeters invited by Shen Ling all went to the podium to play, named Shen Ling, and then began the funeral.

6. To prepare for the funeral, the "trick" will prepare some wax kang (put an apple in a magnetic bottle). Don't sit on the kang before waking up. Give two small steamed buns to the bereaved family, hold them in your arms, and prepare those who help to be filial to your wife. When the coffin came out of the hall, the filial wife cried and left money, and her hands were not allowed to touch the door frame.

7. When the coffin of the sacrificial door is about to go out, the waiter will close the door and paste two pieces of white paper. At this time, the "sacrificial officer" (a prestigious military official) will salute the outer door. After the ceremony, he turned and left without entering the inner room. The waiter opened the paper and opened the door. Afterwards, he lost his family and sent a generous gift to the priest.

After the sacrificial gate, the funeral guard of honor arranged outside the gate must pass through the funeral gate in order of ranks, so these teams in the big funeral are often filled with several streets.

8. Paper funeral is another set of paper activities, with pathfinders and big heads in front. Paper rank includes: all bedrooms are "furniture", sheets are real, furnishings are antiques, followed by "servants", "maids" and "children" of real clothes, at least 8. Paper men put names on their chests and made holes in their ears, eyes, mouth and nose (to show that they can listen and speak). They all have one thing in their hands, washbasin, comb box, hookah, spittoon, cake, fish and vegetables. Some paper wagons and cars have four movable wheels, which are pushed by people.

9. put a big bar on the open space in front of the door the day before you put it, called "bright bar". Move to the big bar when carrying the coffin. At that time, a high platform was built opposite, and the monk held a prayer for a while. The dutiful son knelt in front of the bar, when the conductor of the bar worker hit the "ringing ruler" and said, "Please wash the basin!" The dutiful son slammed the basin hard, cried for a while and fired three shots at the same time. The waiter took the guide coffin, held it for the dutiful son, and took the "funeral stick" in the other hand, and began to go out to the streets. Another person specially appointed to "withdraw paper money", the best craft is to throw a pinch of paper money on it, and then spread it all over the sky, falling one by one.

Carry the coffin to the cemetery

1. The lineup and arrangement order of the guard of honor are as follows: pioneers, a big head ghost on the left and right, Ming Jing (about 4 meters high, shaped like a pavilion, with red silk hanging in the middle, with the official title of the deceased nailed on it), followed by a pair of gongs, a group of drummers (all wearing uniforms), several pairs of official title cards and a red chromatogram. Then there are monks, Taoist priests, nuns and so on. The big seat was carried by one class of 16, and two classes fell. Everyone was given a new towel, and the child who beat the deacon left bangs and wore a pair of new shoes. Then there are wreaths, elegiac couplets, plaques, relatives and friends attending the funeral, guests, paper workers, filial relatives, clans, snow willows, and filial sons (hanging filial curtains).

2. The situation of coffin bars is different, depending on their family situation, status and economic strength. The smallest 16 bar (person), 24 bars, slightly wider 32 bars, the richest or titled 48 bars, and even 64 bars (two classes are 108 people) all have double-call (head) starting rulers to command shoulder changing, stopping, advancing and shift changing. This man also has a set of "jargon" for people to see when marching. The porter was wearing a green driving suit, a feather stuck in a black and red flat felt hat and beige trousers.

In front of the big bar is a red embroidered umbrella, half a pair of bears (including papaya, axe, stool, etc. ). After the bar, I sat down for a while. Finally, the white sedan chair and carriage for the bereaved family.

The whole team moves slowly, and sometimes the big seats will "fall off the road". A large seat will hold down one corner of the array. When the deacon in front walked away, he raised his big chair and ran on the road a foot or two away. The head shouted, "It's falling ..." Watch your step when you run. The pavilion is not crooked, it is spectacular.

3. Tea table On the funeral route, the general manager will send someone to contact the firm and put a tea table at the door to supply tea for the team. And the waiter brought tea to the dutiful son and his wife.

4. Road Sacrifice This is a ridge-crossing road sacrifice shed sent by relatives and friends. Before the parade stops, the portrait will be placed on the table and a sacrificial seat will be placed. The dutiful son knelt in the shed to accompany the salute, and the mourners paid homage in turn. After returning to the team and moving forward, it will be like the "sacrificial shed" shown above.

5. Lingling thanked the guests at the funeral. Guests can leave their spirits to thank them when they leave. You can stop several times throughout the journey.

After resurrection

1. Almost the whole process has come to an end.

When I arrived at the cemetery, I had paved the pit, unloaded the coffin and got into the pit. After burial, there is a resurrection. After Mingjing, Papermaker and Xueliu went down with the big bar, the other deacons had to go back to the funeral home and disperse. The portrait of God was invited by the youngest son or grandson of the deceased and placed in the house.

2. Put a brazier in Maihuomen, and a "whole person" holds rock sugar. Anyone who comes back must walk through the brazier and the "whole person" will give a candy.

An Ling lost her family. After the coffin came out of the hall, a white table was prepared in the original living room, portraits were hung, candles were lit, and fine music was played. The dutiful sons kowtowed and saluted Anling.

4. Three days after the round grave was buried, the main members of the family, led by their filial sons and daughters, came to the round grave with candle wax paper to pay homage. Tell a little girl in red to walk around the grave three times, and call "Caimen". When they come back, the dutiful sons take off their mourning clothes and each take a hot steamed bread filled with brown sugar, which is called "cold-handed hot steamed bread".

The white matter project is over.

The following is an article about Manchu funeral in old Beijing:

Deacon China is divided into: doing three things; Three and a half halls; Five and a half halls; One hall; Three pavilions; Five pavilions; Six kinds. In fact, a hall is composed of two and a half halls, just like a walk-on on the stage, only based on the half hall. There are six umbrellas of different colors in each hall; Deacon Kim, eight pairs.

This kind of deacon is the biggest one, and sometimes more tricks can be added on this basis. Mingjing. The flag that called the soul to guide the way has been standing in front of the funeral home since the day it was checked in. When erecting banners, you should follow the rule that men are left and women are right. At the funeral,16,24,32 people will be carried in front of the funeral, walking in the middle of the road, and there will be two poles in mourning. Daming Jing is always 32 feet tall. A pair of guide kings and a ghost. 1.8 feet high. Kirin sprayed a money beast, which was introduced to Beijing from other places and burned live goods in Beijing.

Five and a half deacons: half hall, six umbrellas each, embroidered on red background. Sweep the flags of Land Rover, Flying Dragon, Flying Phoenix, flying bear, Flying Leopard, Flying Carp and Flying Turtle. Avoid silence, a pair of tiger heads. A pair of clams. A black and white stick more than two feet long. A pair of pink sticks. Half a bamboo tube painted with golden book paint. A pair of gongs.

Two and a half halls, six umbrellas each, embroidered blue. Three-pointed knife, horseshoe knife, crescent knife, elephant trunk knife.

Three and a half halls, each with six umbrellas, embroidered on a white background. A pair of golden wheels, golden snails, golden umbrellas, golden lids, golden jars, goldfish and golden barracuda.

Four and a half halls, six umbrellas each, embroidered on the green space. A pair of melon, axe, stirrup, fist, palm, scorpion, governor and cymbal.

Five and a half halls, six umbrellas each, embroidered with purple. There are 13 students in Guanle Class 1. An umbrella, 1.2 high, 5-inch flame golden dome, yellow silk Sapporo. The design of the shell is consistent with the official cover.

Yin Qing Class 1, commonly known as Yin Qing gongs and drums. Two people play drums, 1 person plays, four flutes play together, 1 gong, and a single-skin commander named "Jiufuban".

Eight people carry a movie booth. One umbrella, two people pull it. A soul sedan chair, blue and white tweed and green yarn for memorial tablets, carried by 8 people. One umbrella, two people pull it. Some incense sticks and paper work. 3 teach monks. Snow willow 12.

The filial son beat the second son, holding the cards, and the rest cried. The undertaker. Except filial piety, all the mourners wear drifting filial piety. Fasten the official sleeve on the big bar, which should be more than 48 bars. Houhu, also known as "Hou Yong". Melon deacons have a number of swords and spears, five in a group, connected by lakes, 48 bars, 65,438+05, 64 bars, 25, and so on, and 32 bars need not be followed.

Sedan chair, car, wife, daughter-in-law, white sedan chair, eldest daughter-in-law holding Aquarius. Aunt takes the green sedan chair, Miss takes the blue sedan chair, Granddaughter-in-law takes the white sedan chair to insert pomegranate flowers, and Granddaughter-in-law takes the blue sedan chair. There are blue and white silks hanging on the car in the counting room, and the bus is an ordinary car, a paper money car, a libation car and so on.

Except Manchu, Mongolian and Han Eight Banners all use Manchu etiquette. Mongolia and Tibet are full of gifts, but they are slightly different. 1, Duluzan. 2. A pair of doors. There are eight kinds of melodies, which are distinguished according to the colors of their respective flags. Red tassel is the Han army, and black tassel is Manchu. 4. Ying Huang, fine dog, four deacons camel, autumn hat, brocade robe, big belt, boots, sheepskin hat and sheepskin coat in winter. 5. Four executioners. Only people with more than one official position can use it. A pair of flags for sweeping land rover, flying dragon, flying phoenix, flying bear, flying leopard, flying carp and flying turtle. 7. Avoid a pair of quiet tiger heads. 8. A pair of clams. A black and white stick more than two feet long. 9. A pair of pink sticks. Half a bamboo tube painted with golden book paint. 10, four pairs of gold deacons, three-pointed knife, horseshoe knife, crescent knife and elephant trunk knife. 1 1, golden wheel, golden snail, golden umbrella, golden cover, golden jar, goldfish and golden pike. 12, melon, axe, stirrup, fist, palm, palm, governor and cymbal. 13, umbrella. 14 sun umbrella. Do not pull. 16, umbrella. 17 Hall. Eight people carried it. 18 crank pholiota adiposa. 19 Thirteen people played drums and drums. Duilao, drums on all sides, Su Gong, Suona, Yun Gong and Gong, and Haiti. Those who are above Beizi are unhappy. 20. Three monks. 2 1 soul car riding, green tweed yarn is the memorial tablet, and yellow is Baylor or above. 22. Take an umbrella. 23, the boy inspector won the game. A child dressed as a boy lifted the plate and put it on the Bo Gu before release. Crying while walking. 24. bereavement. Blue cloth hat, Bai Xiaoxiao. 25 big bars. It should be more than forty-eight. 26. after that Horses, hunting clothes. Melon deacons have a number of swords and spears, five in a group, connected by lakes, 48 bars, 65,438+05, 64 bars, 25, and so on, and 32 bars need not be followed. 27, funeral sedan chair, car, wife, daughter-in-law, sitting in a white sedan chair, aunt sitting in a green sedan chair, miss sitting in a blue sedan chair, granddaughter sitting in a white sedan chair with pomegranate flowers, granddaughter sitting in a blue sedan chair. There are blue and white silks hanging on the car in the counting room, and the bus is an ordinary car, a paper money car, a libation car and so on.