Who can tell me who invented the perpetual calendar and why the calculation is so accurate?

According to legend, a long time ago, there was a young man named Wannian who saw that the festival at that time was very chaotic and wanted to make it accurate. One day, he went up the mountain to cut wood and sat in the shade to have a rest. Inspired by the movement of the shadow, he designed a coffin to measure the sun and calculate the time. But it was raining and foggy at that time, which affected the measurement.

Later, the dripping spring on the cliff aroused his interest, and he began to make a five-story clepsydra. As time went on, he found that the length of the weather would repeat every 360 days.

At that time, the monarch was called Zu Ti, and the unpredictable weather made him very upset. A minister named Aheng, in order to please the emperor, said that he would set up a rooftop to worship the gods. Zu Ti thought it was reasonable, so he led officials to make sacrifices to heaven, but to no avail. Knowing that ten thousand years later, I couldn't help but go to see the emperor with a sundial and a clepsydra and explain to Zu Ti why the sun and the moon run.

Zu Ti was very happy after hearing this and felt reasonable. So I left for ten thousand years and built the Sun and Moon Pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven, as well as the sundial platform and the Leaky Pot Pavilion. Send twelve boys to serve for ten thousand years. Zu Ti said to Wannian: "I hope you can accurately calculate the laws of the sun and the moon, calculate the exact time in the morning and evening, and create a calendar for the benefit of people all over the world."

On one occasion, Zu Ti sent a message to Ah Heng asking about the progress of the perpetual calendar. When he boarded the Sun Moon altar, he saw the inscription on the stone wall next to the Temple of Heaven: Start all over again in 360 weeks after sunrise and sunset. Vegetation is divided into four seasons, and there are twelve circles in a year.

When Ah Heng saw this, he knew that the study of perpetual calendar was successful, and his heart was uneasy. He was extremely afraid that the monarch would blame himself for putting forward the idea of offering sacrifices to the gods, because he was favored by calendars created for thousands of years. So he plotted and sent an assassin to get rid of Wan Nian. The assassin climbed up the Sun Moon Pavilion and saw Wannian watching the stars on the pavilion, so he drew an arrow with his bow and prepared to shoot him.

Who knows, the assassin was found by the guards and arrested on the spot. When Zu Ti learned of this, he punished Ah Heng and personally went to Riyuege to visit Wan Nian. Wan Nian pointed to the astronomical phenomena and said to Zu Ti, "It's been twelve months now, the old year has passed and the new year has begun again. Please make a festival for you. " Zu Ti said, "Spring is the beginning of a year. Just call it the Spring Festival. " Winter goes and spring comes, year after year.

Later, after long-term observation and careful calculation, it took 10 thousand years to calculate the accurate solar calendar. When he showed his successor the solar calendar, he was covered with silver whiskers. The monarch was deeply moved. In order to commemorate the achievements of 10 thousand years, he named the solar calendar "perpetual calendar" and named it the birthday star of the sun, moon and moon. In the future, people will hang up the Shou Xingtu during the Chinese New Year, which is said to commemorate the venerable ten thousand years. This is the origin of the Spring Festival.

Extended data

The calendars used in the history of China are solar calendar, lunar calendar and combined calendar of yin and yang, and the "blind year" is the result of some arrangement of combined calendars of yin and yang.

The solar calendar, perhaps the earliest calendar used by our ancestors, is based on the laws of the sun. The ancients thought that the sun revolved around the earth, and one revolution was a year-today we know that it is the cycle of the earth revolving around the sun, but the ancients knew the opposite.

According to scholars' research, there was a solar calendar in the Warring States Period, with ten months a year in the name of heavenly stems, thirty-six days in January and three hundred and sixty days in the name of earthly branches. Plus five to six days of "wasted time", a year is 365 days or 366 days.

In that case, the arrangement of solar terms first includes "summer solstice" and "winter solstice", followed by "vernal equinox" and "autumn equinox". The return year of the season is divided into spring and autumn, then into four seasons, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and even twenty-four solar terms. There are traces of this calendar in the ancient document Guanzi, which is related to the torch festival of Yi people and southwest ethnic minorities.

There is still a saying in Lingnan folk that "Chinese New Year is celebrated from the winter solstice to the sun", which is the remnant of folk memory of this calendar. The ancients did regard the winter solstice as New Year's Day.

In addition, the twelve-day calendar was adopted in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the twelve-day overtime system was adopted at the latest in the Western Han Dynasty. From the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the present, we have been using dry branches to record the years. This is a dry calendar. It takes beginning of spring as the beginning of the year and festivals as the beginning of the month. Old age means the year of return, and a month contains two solar terms. In the dry calendar, the year, month and day are all determined by the apparent motion of the sun, which has nothing to do with the moon phase, so this is a solar calendar.

The lunar calendar is based on the changes of the moon's profit and loss. The period of a lunar month is twenty-nine or thirty days, and the length of a year is only an integer multiple of the month, which has nothing to do with the tropic year. The month has nothing to do with the four seasons. Greek calendar and hijri calendar belong to this kind of calendar. It is impossible to have a "double spring" or a "blind year" in a year.

The yin-yang calendar is formulated in combination with the sun-moon cycle. A year is divided into 24 solar terms according to the movement of the sun and several months according to the movement of the moon. Twelve miscarriages and big months add up to only 354 or 355 days. Compared with the two, the difference is about eleven days. In order to coordinate the two, the ancients adopted the method of "fixed leap", and one year in several years was thirteen months.

The record of "March" can also be seen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, which is the proof of setting leap. It was reported by scholars in the last century that the Yao nationality in the south still retains the name "March". The current "Seven Leaps in Nineteen Years" system originated quite early. The history of our country, from the Spring and Autumn Annals, has a dry calendar, which is enough to prove.

Baidu encyclopedia-perpetual calendar