When is it suitable to grow garlic stubble peanuts? How to achieve high yield when planting?

This year's peanut price has been rising steadily since the harvest in September, but only high yield can bring higher profits. Peanut planting in most parts of China can be divided into spring plastic film peanut and wheat stubble peanut. Only in garlic planting areas such as eastern Henan, North China Plain, Shandong and Jiangsu. There is a planting pattern of kind of garlic stubble peanuts. As a returned college student who planted garlic, wheat, peanuts, peppers, corn and sweet potatoes in the open air in his hometown in eastern Henan, I want to share with you why the yield of garlic stubble peanuts is equivalent to that of plastic film peanuts.

First of all, I would like to share with you the influence of garlic stubble on peanuts:

(1) The amount of base fertilizer and topdressing of garlic is much larger than that of other crops. For example, when we grow wheat, under normal circumstances, we can only use 100 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, low potassium and low phosphorus, or 100 kg of special compound fertilizer for wheat, or even 100 kg of calcium superphosphate and 100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizer. In the choice of wheat topdressing, urea is usually chosen as a quick-acting fertilizer. This choice of base fertilizer and topdressing can basically meet the growth needs of wheat, but it can be said that the supply of fertilizer is not enough for the next peanut or corn.

Garlic base fertilizer and topdressing are very different. For every family with farmyard manure, garlic base fertilizer will choose fully fermented mature farmyard manure of about 3500 kg per mu, while for most people who say that they have no conditions to make farmyard manure, they will choose to buy finished organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer of about 200 kg per mu. The choice of fertilizer is mainly potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or garlic special compound fertilizer, and the fertilization amount per mu is basically kept between 150-200 kg. The choice of topdressing is generally divided into three times: turning green fertilizer, bolting fertilizer and expanding fertilizer. 40 ~ 50 kg urea and 10 ~ 15 kg ternary compound fertilizer are the main greening fertilizers. Bolting fertilizer and expansive fertilizer are mainly high potassium ternary compound fertilizer. The application rate of one mu of land is between 25 and 30 kg, and urea is about 15 kg. Because the root system of garlic is a shallow root crop, it needs to absorb more water and fertilizer to meet its own growth and development, so there will still be a lot of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the soil after harvest. This will be of great help to the seedling growth of the next crop, which is also one of the main reasons for the vigorous growth of garlic and peanuts at seedling stage.

(2) Garlic harvest time is generally in late May of the solar calendar, around the end of the twenty-four solar terms. The sowing of garlic-bolting peanuts is divided into garlic-bolting peanuts and garlic-bolting peanuts. Peanut interplanting with garlic means that peanuts can be sown artificially in 3~4 days after garlic moss is poured with swollen water, which means that peanuts are interplanted in garlic fields without harvesting. Garlic peanuts refer to a saying that after garlic is harvested, peanuts are sprinkled with base fertilizer, ploughed and planted on the ground or flat land.

Generally, the sowing date of garlic bolt peanuts is May 10th in the solar calendar after Labor Day. Although this sowing date is later than that of plastic-coated peanuts in spring, the emergence time of peanuts is greatly shortened because the daytime temperature is basically above 23 degrees. In addition, the moisture in the soil can meet the needs of peanut germination, which greatly ensures the emergence rate of peanuts. We can look at the relationship between peanut germination and ground temperature:

A) When the ground temperature is lower than 13 degrees, it will never germinate;

B) Ground temperature 13- 15 degrees, and peanut germination needs 2 1 day;

C) Ground temperature 15-20 degrees, and peanut germination takes 14 days;

D) When the ground temperature exceeds 20℃, it takes 7 days for peanuts to germinate.

It can be seen that ground temperature has a great influence on peanut germination. Faced with such a situation, it is also a common saying that we farmers know, "Spring competes for the sun, summer competes for the time", and crops should be planted in summer.

The planting time of garlic bolt peanuts is about 15 days later than that of garlic bolt peanuts, so it is best to choose ridge planting as far as possible. Ridge planting peanuts has several advantages:

After ridging, the peanut ground is illuminated on three sides, which improves the ground temperature and is beneficial to peanut germination, peanut needle penetration and pod growth and development. The results showed that the average ground temperature of ridge planting peanut increased by 65438 0.7 degrees, the emergence of peanut was advanced by 2 ~ 3 days, and the peanut seedlings grew healthily.

Peanut has the characteristics of flowering above ground and pod bearing below ground. Peanut stuck in the ground, pod expansion, root growth, rhizobia reproduction and nitrogen fixation activities all need a relaxed soil environment.

Peanut is a light-loving crop. Ridge planting peanut field has good ventilation and light transmission, which can effectively improve the microclimate in the field, thus reducing the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases. It also gives full play to the marginal advantages of peanuts, improves the robustness of peanuts, and achieves the purpose of increasing production and quality.

Ridge cultivation also greatly improved the utilization rate of fertilizer. When we plow, the fertilizer is mainly concentrated on the soil surface, and ridging can just collect the soil containing fertilizer. After ridging, it is also beneficial to field management when watering is peaceful.

In the face of such problems, you may think that topdressing is easy, but topdressing spring peanuts is far more difficult than garlic peanuts in the later stage. When we plant garlic-based peanuts, the top dressing of peanuts can be about 80 kg of organic fertilizer at the initial flowering stage and about 0/00 kg of nitro-sulfur-based compound fertilizer/KLOC. When watering or raining, 50 ~ 60 kg of high potassium ternary compound fertilizer can be directly applied to peanut fields.

In the face of garlic-bolting peanuts, there is a problem that watering garlic twice in the whole growth and development cycle will lead to soil hardening in garlic fields. Therefore, peanut seedlings should be hoed or cultivated in time, so that peanuts can have loose soil when burying needles. Only when the peanut needles are buried can they grow into peanuts and maximize the yield of peanuts.

Thirdly, the growth cycle of garlic stubble peanut just meets the temperature conditions needed for growth and development.

A large part of peanut flowers can't form fruit needles, accounting for 30 ~ 60% of the total flowers. The proportion of flowers forming fruit needles varies greatly in different periods. Under the suitable temperature and humidity conditions, the success rate can reach above 90%. However, garlic stubble peanuts just meet the temperature conditions needed for flowering, which can basically guarantee the maturity time of peanuts all the time and avoid the occurrence of too many "water peanuts".

Whether the peanut needle can enter the soil mainly depends on the position of the needle, the penetration of the needle and the resistance of the soil. The penetration of the fruit needle is related to the length and hardness of the fruit needle. The bigger the fruit needle gauge, the longer and softer the fruit needle, and the weaker the burying ability. Soil resistance is closely related to soil moisture and density, and keeping the soil moist and dispersed is beneficial to the penetration of peanut needles.

The factors affecting peanut needle piercing are: the temperature of peanut is too high or too low when flowering, pollen grains can not germinate or pollen tube elongation is delayed, which will lead to fertilization failure. The optimum temperature for the formation of fruit needles is about 25 ~ 30℃, higher than 32℃ or lower than 19℃, and basically no fruit needles are formed, so this temperature is just the time for the formation and burial of garlic and peanut fruit needles. When peanuts bloom, the air humidity is too low, and the relative humidity of air at night has a great influence on the formation of peanut needles. At night, when the air relative humidity is 95%, it is five times higher than that when it is 50 ~ 60%. If the relative humidity of air is lower than 50%, the needle forming rate is low.

Summary: Garlic stubble peanuts can be planted twice a year, which will greatly increase the income of our people. For this year, the net income of planting garlic per mu is basically between 5,000 and 6,000 yuan, while the output of peanuts with garlic stubble is basically kept between 1 0,000-1654,38+000 Jin, which can bring nearly 2,500 yuan per mu, so the income of people planting garlic and peanuts with garlic stubble this year is far greater than that of plastic film spring peanuts. In recent years, my plastic film planting of spring peanuts has also decreased year by year.