The origin of the current lunar calendar

The lunar calendar we are using now is the constitutional calendar revised by Tang Ruowang, a famous German Jesuit missionary in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Li Shixian was written in the late Ming Dynasty and promulgated in the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1645). Formal use of fixed gas. This is the fifth and last major reform in the history of our country. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, after more than 40 years of actual measurement, the Chongzhen almanac was compiled by quoting western laws, but it died before it was officially promulgated. In the early Qing Dynasty, Tang Ruowang, a missionary of the Catholic Jesuits, abridged it and presented it to the Qing government. The Qing government renamed it "A New Book of Western Calendars" and compiled an almanac based on its data, which was called the current constitutional calendar. The constitutional calendar abolished the division of the whole year into 24 parts to determine the level of solar terms (constant gas), and formally adopted the constant gas based on the position of the sun on the ecliptic. The old calendar used in modern times is the constitutional calendar, which is usually called the summer calendar or the lunar calendar.

Poetry Fairy Calendar was compiled by Xu Guangqi and others in the late Ming Dynasty according to the New Western Law. In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), the German missionary Tang Ruowang presented it to the Qing court, and the Prince of Switzerland named it "Shixian", which was promulgated and implemented. Tang Ruowang was awarded fifteen years by the supervisor of Qin Tian (1658). It is also sealed with a product. As a result, the influence of Jesuit missionaries expanded, and the number of Christians in various places once increased to more than 654.38+10,000, which eventually led to conflicts. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), the former Hui Ke of Qin made a mistake in the new law and asked him to "re-establish himself to preserve his unique knowledge". Yang guang, a student of Xin' an health official, put forward "fallacious abstraction" and "alternative discussion" and attacked the new law. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Yang Guangxian resumed "please punish the cult" and was discussed by the king. For several absurd reasons, Tang Ruowang and others were sentenced to death the following year. Later, due to the earthquake, Tang was pardoned, and only five officials killed, including Li Zubai, were also abolished. Yang Guangxian was appointed as Qin Tianjian, and Wu Mingxian (Xuan Ming's younger brother) was appointed as the deputy supervisor, thus "reusing the unified old technology". After several years of operation, the error is getting bigger and bigger. Ferdinand Ferdinand verbiest, a Belgian missionary who holds the new law, and Yang Guangxian, who holds the old law, are in constant dispute. In November of the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), the Commissioner inspected the actual observation of the two companies, which proved that the new law was superior to the old one. Yang Guangxian was dismissed and ferdinand verbiest was appointed as the deputy supervisor of Qin. When Kangxi resumed business in the ninth year (1670), he made a constitutional calendar. After this struggle, the new law finally defeated the old law, but it also limited the spread of the Qing court to Jesuits.

Our present Spring Festival actually has a history of more than 300 years, which began in the reign of Emperor Kangxi.

Li Shixian