Wang Xun's main experience

Wang Xun (1235—128 1 year), born in Tang County, Zhongshan (now Tang County, Hebei Province), was a mathematician in Yuan Dynasty. He studied mathematics and astronomy under Liu, and then studied mathematics and astronomical calendar under Liu Guo Shoujing, and was proficient in calendar calculation. In Taishi's post, Wang Xun was responsible for astronomical observation and calculation, and studied more than 40 almanac books. His contribution to the compilation of Shoushi Calendar is as famous as Guo Shoujing's. After Wang Xun's death, the calendar calculation method he created was compiled into seven volumes, two volumes, three volumes, two volumes and twelve volumes by Guo Shoujing and others.

Chinese name: Wang Xun.

Alias: Zijing Fu

Nationality: Yuan

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Birthplace: Tang County, Zhongshan (now Tang County, Hebei Province)

Date of birth: 1235

Date of death: 128 1 year.

Occupation: mathematician, writer

Faith: science

Main achievements: Establishing and solving higher-order equations with celestial technology.

Masterpiece: time calendar

brief introduction

Xun Wang was a mathematician in Yuan Dynasty. Jingfu word. Tang County, Zhongshan (now Tang County, Hebei Province). He was born in Yuan Taizong for seven years and died in Yuan Shizu for eighteen years.

His father, Wang Liang, worked in Zhongshan House in Jin Dynasty. After resigning, he devoted himself to studying mathematics and science, especially mathematics. His mother is also very cultured. When Wang Xun was 3 years old, his mother taught him to learn Thousand-Character Works, and he could recite them by heart. 13 years old, he learned "nine numbers" and solved Pythagorean and linear equations, which reached the highest level at that time. His father had a close relationship with Taibao Liu of the Yuan Dynasty, and Wang Xun of Liu Faxian was brilliant. With the consent of his parents, he took Wang Xun to Cizhou Observatory for further study. Guo Shoujing studied mathematics and astronomical calendar under Liu, and was proficient in calendar calculation. 1253, Liu recommended to Kublai Khan, and Kublai Khan asked him to tutor the prince and become the capital of the prince's class. In the second year of Zhong Tong (126 1), he was promoted to Zanshan (the teacher of the Prince). In the third year of the unification of China, Yuzong was made the prince, and the official in charge of the Privy Council relied heavily on Wang Xun. He said to the officials of the two governments, "If you have any questions, you must let Wang Xun listen." At first, Wang Xun explained Yao Shun's way of governing the country to Yuan Shizu, and sai-jo asked Yuzong to listen together. Later, Wang Xun was asked to manage Yuzong's daily life and diet. Wang Xun worked hard and tried his best to help, so that people who should have been in contact with the prince, whether left or right, could not get close. Yuzong thought that Wang Xun was knowledgeable and a rare good teacher, so he ordered the children of ministers to learn from Wang Xun. At that time, the children of courtiers worked hard and received good educational results. Later, Xu Heng took over the position of praising the prince. After retiring, Wang Xun continued to teach and served as a national son to offer wine.

In the 13th year of Zhiyuan (1276), he was ordered to revise the calendar, discuss the revision of Daming Calendar, and jointly organized the Taishi Bureau (later renamed Taishi Museum) with Guo Shoujing. Wang Xun was appointed as Taishi Ling, responsible for astronomical observation and calculation, and then tested more than 40 almanac books. In the compilation of Chronological Calendar, its contribution is as famous as Guo Shoujing's. Wang Xun's father died in the eighteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty. Wang Xun is so sad that he can only drink a small spoonful of water every day. He died soon after he was 46. After Wang Xun's death, his calculation method was not finalized, and it was sorted into seven volumes, two volumes, three volumes, two volumes and twelve volumes by Guo Shoujing. Because Wang Xun was a scholar and had no savings at home, the emperor rewarded his family. In the second year of Yan You's reign (13 15), he was awarded as the hero of pushing loyalty and keeping the festival, including Dr. Guanglu (from the first grade), Stuart, Shang Zhuguo (from the first grade), Ding Guogong and posthumous title Wensu. Wang Xun has made some contributions to the development of astronomy, calendar and mathematical science in China.

Growing experience

Wang Xun was born in the late Jin Dynasty. His father Wang Liang was an official of Zhongshan in Jin Dynasty. He resigned for some reason and returned to his hometown. He devoted himself to the study of mathematics and Ilo (that is, Neo-Confucianism), especially mathematics. Her mother also has culture, and she is an old talented woman. Such scholarly family, good tutor environment, and Wang Xun's intelligence and studiousness since childhood laid a solid foundation for him. When Wang Xun was three years old, his mother gave him a thousand words, and Wang Xun read it from the beginning. At the age of thirteen, he reached the peak by learning nine numbers (namely, square field, millet, decline point, few but wide, equal loss, insufficient profit, equation, Pythagoras, business work). At that time, his father had a close relationship with Liu of Yuan Dynasty Pacific Insurance Company. When he met the king, he found that Wang Xun was extremely clever, brilliant and a child prodigy. With the consent of his parents, he took Wang Xun to Cizhou (now Cixian) Observatory for further study. Wang Xun was fourteen years old this year.

After Wang Xun arrived in Cizhou, he was carefully nurtured by Liu. At the age of eighteen, he was recommended by Zhong Bing as Prince Bandu of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu. In the second year of the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, he was appointed as a prince to praise the good. The following year, Yuzong was made Prince, Central Commander and Privy Council. He attached great importance to Wang Xun and told the ministers of the two houses that he would learn from Wang Xun if he had any questions. At this point, Wang Xun has been in charge of the daily life of the prince, often explaining to Yuzong Yao Shun's way of governing the country and the way of governing the country, and making up stories about the rise and fall of Liao and Jin Dynasties to tell Yuzong to distinguish between good and evil. Wang Xun is proficient in arithmetic and won the appreciation of the prince. He said that Wang Xun was knowledgeable and a rare mentor, and called on ministers' children to learn from Wang Xun. After the worship, he toasted imperial academy and took charge of the school in imperial academy.

In Kublai Khan's time, the calendars used by the former dynasties often had time differences, so they were revised intentionally. Knowing that Wang Xun was proficient in astronomy and arithmetic, he ordered Wang Xun to organize classes to revise calendars. After Wang Xun took office, he recommended Xu Heng, who had already retired, and formed a capable team composed of Guo Shoujing, Yang Gongyi and others to revise the calendar.

fastrack

Wang Xun's father, Wang Liang, was an aide to the Zhongshan government in the late Jin Dynasty, and rescued hundreds of innocent people who were imprisoned after the uprising. He soon resigned and studied Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism and astronomy extensively, and lived to be 92 years old. Wang Xun went to school at the age of six and began to learn arithmetic at the age of thirteen. At the age of fourteen, scholar Liu Jingshan went north and admired him very much. Take him as an apprentice when you come back. When he was eighteen, Liu recommended him to Kublai Khan. Yuan Shizu asked him to coach Prince Yuzong as Prince Bandu. In the second year of Zhong Tong (126 1), he was promoted to Zanshan (the teacher of the Prince). In the third year after reunification, Yuzong was made a prince and was in charge of the Privy Council. He relied heavily on Wang Xun and said to the officials of the two governments, "If you have any questions, you must let Wang Xun listen."

At first, Wang Xun told Yuan Shizu about Yao Shun's way of governing the country, and sai-jo asked Yuzong to listen. Later, Wang Xun was asked to manage Yuzong's daily life and diet. Wang Xun worked hard and tried his best to help, so that anyone who should be in contact with Prince Yuzong could not go near the left or right. He often tells the prince the truth of governing the country. He is proficient in arithmetic and once said: "Arithmetic is one of the six arts; It is a big deal to protect the country and protect the people. " (Biography of Xun Wang in Yuan Dynasty) made up a story about the rise and fall of Liao and Jin Dynasties that Yuzong heard and witnessed, helping Yuzong to distinguish good from evil and keep it in mind. Xu Heng said: "People's hearts are like printed boards. Printed boards are not bad, and it is not bad to copy thousands of pieces. The board is poor and there is nothing wrong with printing. " It is very popular in Yuzong. Yuzong thought that Wang Xun was knowledgeable and lacked a mentor, so he ordered the minister's children to study with Wang Xun, which achieved good results. After Xu Heng took over for a period of time, he retired and went home. Then Professor Wang Xun made a toast to the son of the nation who was in charge of the school and other affairs.

At first, Liu was still alive. According to the development of astronomy, he thinks that Daming Calendar has been used for more than 200 years, gradually exposing its carelessness and trying to correct it. After Liu's death, the emperor knew from his eyes that Wang Xun was proficient in calendars and ordered him to create a new calendar. So Wang Xun recommended the retired Xu Heng. Together with Yang Gongyi and Guo Shoujing, he took more than 40 almanac books, from the three calendars in the Western Han Dynasty to the epoch calendar in the Tang Dynasty, summed up the general rules of 13 founders who had undergone 70 reforms in more than 0,000 years, boldly innovated and carried out the fourth major reform in the history of China. Wang Xun and others studied 40 calendars in the previous generation, from three calendars in the Han Dynasty to the Daming calendar in the Song Dynasty. They experimented day and night and created a new method with reference to the ancient system, which was extremely accurate. They studied and summarized the experience of 70 calendar changes before 1280, and investigated thirteen calendar calculation methods. In the first three years, they sent special personnel to all parts of the country to make sundials at fixed points. In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280), the calendar was successfully changed, and it was named "chronograph calendar" with the meaning of "respecting people" in the old saying, and it was promulgated that year. The calendar implemented in the Ming Dynasty was basically a time calendar. If these two calendars are regarded as a whole, the calendar of timing is the oldest calendar in China, which lasted for 364 years. Wang Xun put forward the difference method (that is, the cubic interpolation formula) in the calendar of time service, and calculated the running degrees of the sun, the moon and the planets by the difference method; He also created the "sagittal circle method", that is, the solution of spherical right triangle, to deal with the conversion between the yellow meridian, the right meridian and the right meridian, and the accuracy was greatly improved. In the 16th year of Zhiyuan (1279), Wang Xun was promoted to Doctor Jia Yi and Taishiling, in charge of Taishilian, responsible for calculating calendars and observing astronomical phenomena. /kloc-after the completion of the new calendar in 0/7, it was named "calendar" according to the old saying "respect others" and was promulgated in the winter of that year.

In the eighteenth year of Zhiyuan (128 1), Wang Xun lost his father and became an official in filial piety. During the mourning period, he died of excessive sadness, lack of food, hunger and illness at the age of 46. Wang Xun has worked hard for his country all his life, and his family has little savings. During his illness, the court sent a special person to visit him. After his death, he allocated 2000 yuan for funeral, and read that he contributed to the calendar change, and allocated 5000 yuan to support his family. In the second year of Yanyou (13 15), Yuan Renzong named Wang Xun as "hero who pushes loyalty and defends righteousness", "doctor Guanglu", "Situ Weiguo" and "Wen Su Gong" in posthumous title.

Character contribution

Wang Xun studied mathematics deeply. When he was fourteen years old, Liu went north through Zhongshan and admired him very much. Take him as an apprentice when you come back. When he was eighteen, Liu recommended him to Kublai Khan. After Liu's death, the emperor knew from his eyes that Wang Xun was proficient in calendars and ordered him to create a new calendar. So Wang Xun recommended the retired Xu Heng. Together with Yang Gongyi and Guo Shoujing, he took more than 40 almanac books, from the three calendars of the Western Han Dynasty to the epoch calendar of the Tang Dynasty, summed up the general rules of 13 founders who had undergone 70 reforms in more than 0,000 years, boldly innovated and carried out the fourth major reform in the history of China. They experiment day and night, refer to the ancient system and create new laws. Their calculations are extremely accurate. For example, they calculate that a year is 365.2425, January is 29.5593, a quarter of a year is a solar term, and so on.

After Wang Xun's death, his calculation method was not finalized, and it was sorted into seven volumes, two volumes, three volumes, two volumes and twelve volumes by Guo Shoujing. In the second year of Yanyou (13 15), the emperor gave him the honor of pushing loyalty and keeping the festival, with doctors Guanglu (from the first grade), Stuart, Shang Zhu (from the first grade), Ding Guogong and posthumous title Wensu.

The longest calendar in the history of China is the Service Calendar compiled by Wang Xun, Guo Shoujing and Xu Heng, which lasts for 364 years. "Chronological calendar" pushed the ancient calendar system to a peak. Wang Xun and Guo Shoujing founded the trick to calculate the movements and positions of the sun, the moon and the five stars by cubic differential interpolation with high spacing. When calculating the difference between the yellow equator and the yellow equator, the sagittal secant, that is, the solution of spherical right triangle, is created. In the almanac compiled by Wang Xun and Guo Shoujing, in order to accurately calculate the speed and position of the sun, the moon and the five stars, the cubic difference interpolation formula was established according to the three differences of "leveling, setting and standing", which is an important innovation in mathematics and a great progress in astronomical calendar calculation.

Personality assessment

Wang Xun's mathematical contributions in calendar revision include: using cubic interpolation method many times to create cubic difference table; The relationship between arcs on a sphere is studied for the first time. Application of higher order equation in calendar research. These achievements were in the leading position in the world at that time, and their contributions were as good as Guo Shoujing's. Wang Xun didn't have his own works, but the world spoke highly of him, saying that he was a mathematician who was "best at arithmetic".

Xun Wang was an astronomer, mathematician and calendar calculator in ancient China. He made great contributions to China's scientific career and was respected by all previous dynasties.

1987 When the Xingtai Municipal People's Government built the Guo Shoujing Memorial Hall, it also made a ceramic wall statue for Wang Xun, which was embedded in the main hall of the museum together with the Guo Shoujing wall statue as a memorial.