How does Tomb-Sweeping Day promote it?

Qingming is one of the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar. The traditional Tomb-Sweeping Day in China began in the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,500 years. "Almanac": "On the fifteenth day after the vernal equinox, the bucket refers to Ding, which is used for Qingming, when everything is clean and bright, and when it is covered, everything is clean and bright, hence the name." As soon as Qingming comes, the temperature rises, which is a good time for spring ploughing and sowing, so there is a saying that "before and after Qingming, we plant melons and beans". Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival for ancestor worship, mainly for grave-sweeping, which is a concrete embodiment of being cautious in pursuing the future and caring for the family. Tomb-Sweeping Day is at the turn of mid-spring and late spring, that is, after the winter solstice 106 days. On May 20th, 2006, this folk festival was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. In addition, there are many poems about Qingming, among which Du Mu's poem Qingming is the most famous. Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important traditional folk festival in China, and it is one of the eight important festivals: Shangyuan, Qingming, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Central Plains, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve. Generally introduce the traditional festivals in China.

April 5th in the Gregorian calendar, but its festival is very long. There are two kinds of sayings, eight days before the 10th lunar month and ten days after the 10th lunar month. These 20 days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day. It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the "grave-sweeping" ceremony of ancient emperors and generals. Later, people followed suit, and it became a fixed custom of the Chinese nation to worship ancestors and sweep graves on this day. Originally, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day were two different festivals. In the Tang Dynasty, the day of sweeping graves was designated as the Cold Food Festival. One hundred and five days after beginning of winter, the solstice was called cold food. In the past, fire was forbidden and cold food was eaten, so it was also called "Cold Food Festival" and "No Smoking Festival". According to folklore, cold food is to commemorate the burning of mesons in Mianshan during the Spring and Autumn Period, and Jin Wengong ordered the fire to be banned. Jiezitui is from Shanxi, so the custom of cold food is first popular in Shanxi. In the old days, cold food cut off fire, and the next day there was a ceremony to drill wood for fire in the palace, and the people also begged each other for fire with wicker. Fifteen days after the vernal equinox is Qingming, a good day for an outing. Tomb-Sweeping Day is also a day to visit graves and worship ancestors, which is also called "Ghost Festival" and "Ghost Festival" among the people, and "Three Ghosts Festival" together with July 15th and October 1st, and there is also a ceremony for the city god to patrol the city. Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival were originally two festivals, but most people in Shandong combined them into one. Generally called Tomb-Sweeping Day, a few areas are called Cold Food Festival, but the festival is in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Kenli has been called "Great Cold Food", "Second Cold Food" and "Third Cold Food" since the first three days in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the fourth day is Qingming, during which people sweep graves and go hiking. Juancheng takes the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day as the Cold Food Festival, and also calls Tomb-Sweeping Day the Ghost Gate Festival. The custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves in front of graves originated very early in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people attached great importance to tombs. Mencius and Qi People in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period also mentioned a person who was laughed at by Qi people. He often went to the tomb of Dongguo to beg for offerings from the tomb, which showed that sweeping graves was very popular during the Warring States period. When I arrived in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, I designated cold food sweeping the grave as one of the "five rituals". Therefore, whenever Tomb-Sweeping Day comes, "the fields and roads are crowded with scholars and women, and the servants and beggars of soap merchants get their parents' graves." (Liu Zongyuan's Book with Xu Jingzhao) Grave sweeping has become an important social custom. In spring, when it is still cold, it is forbidden to make a fire to eat cold food, for fear that some old, weak women and children can't stand the cold. In order to prevent cold food from harming their health, outdoor activities such as hiking, outing, swinging, playing football, playing polo, inserting willows, tug of war, fighting cocks, etc. It has been decided that everyone should come out to bask in the sun, exercise their bones and muscles and increase their resistance. Therefore, in addition to worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves, Tomb-Sweeping Day also has various outdoor fitness activities, which makes this festival not only have sentimental feelings of pursuing the future with caution, but also incorporate the atmosphere of enjoying spring with joy; There are both sad and sour tears in Where Are You Going, and vivid and bright scenes everywhere. This is really a very special festival. Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival custom related to funeral customs. According to records, in ancient times, "tombs were not graves", that is to say, only graves were dug and graves were not built, so sacrifices were not recorded. Later, graves and graves, the custom of offering sacrifices to sweep graves, were supported. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, tomb sacrifice has become an indispensable ritual activity. According to the biography of Yan Yannian in the Han Dynasty, although Yan is thousands of miles away from Beijing, her family will still return to the East China Sea Tomb in Qingming. Yan Yannian's behavior is reasonable in terms of the development and strengthening of ancestor worship and consanguinity consciousness of China people. Therefore, the tomb sacrifices that were not included in the norms in ancient times were also included in the Five Rites: "It is desirable for a scholar to go to the grave and be included in the Five Rites, and it will always be a routine. "With the official recognition, the wind of the tomb sacrifice is bound to prevail. Due to the custom of ancestor worship, grave sweeping and mountain climbing in vast areas of China, it has gradually evolved into a traditional festival for China people to commemorate their ancestors by grave sweeping and worship. At the turn of mid-spring and late spring, it is generally 65,438+006 days from winter to the future, the day after the Cold Food Festival. Grave-sweeping activities can last about ten days before and after the festival. In the north, people only eat cold food prepared in advance, such as jujube cakes and wheat cakes. In the south, there are mostly green balls and glutinous rice and sugar lotus roots. In every Tomb-Sweeping Day, people put wicker in a circle and put wicker branches in front and back of the house as a souvenir.

About the Cold Food Festival

There is a legend: According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shen Sheng was forced to commit suicide because her concubine set a poison plan for the prince in order to let her son inherit the throne. Shen Sheng's younger brother, Zhong Er, went into exile to escape the scourge. During his exile, Zhong Er suffered humiliation. Most of the courtiers who went out with him went out one after another. Only a few loyal people have been following him. One of them is called meson push. On one occasion, Zhong Er fainted from hunger. In order to save Zhong Er, Jiezitui cut a piece of meat from his leg, cooked it with fire and gave it to Zhong Er. Nineteen years later, Zhong Er returned to China and became the monarch, that is, Jin Wengong, one of the famous five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. After Jin Wengong came to power, in addition to meson push, he offered many rewards to courtiers who shared his joys and sorrows. Someone defended meson in front of Jin Wengong. Jin Wengong suddenly remembered the past and felt guilty. He immediately sent someone to ask meson to take the imperial court to be rewarded as an official. However, after several trips, the meson could not be pushed. Jin Wengong had to please. However, when Jin Wengong came to the meson pusher's house, he saw that the door was closed. Jiezitui didn't want to see him, and had already been hiding in Mianshan (now southeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province) behind his mother's back. Jin Wengong asked his body guard to search Mianshan, but he couldn't find it. So, someone had an idea, saying, it is better to let Yamakaji go, set fire on three sides, leave one side, burn it and the meson will come out. Jin Wengong ordered the promotion of Yamakaji. Unexpectedly, the fire burned for three days and nights. After the fire was put out, the meson was not pushed out after all. Looking up the mountain, the mother and son were holding a charred willow tree and were dead. Jin Wengong looked at meson push's body and cried for a while. Then I buried the body and found that the back of meson push was blocked by a willow hole, as if there was something. I took it out and saw that it was a skirt with a bloody poem written on it: May my Lord be in Tomb-Sweeping Day forever. It is better to be a ghost than to accompany you as an exhorter. If your master has me in his heart, remember that I often reflect. I have a clear conscience in Jiuquan, and Tomb-Sweeping Day Tomb-Sweeping Day is diligent. Jin Wengong hid the bloody book in his sleeve. Then meson tui and his mother were buried under the charred willow tree. To commemorate Jiexiu, Jin Wengong ordered Mianshan to be changed to Jiexiu Mountain, and an ancestral temple was built on the mountain, and the day when Yamakaji was released was designated as the Cold Food Festival, telling the whole country that it is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers on this day every year and only eat cold food. When he left, he cut a charred willow and made a pair of clogs in the palace. He looked at it every day and sighed, "What a pity." The "first step" is the name of ancient people's subordinates respecting each other between superiors or peers, which is said to come from it. The following year, Jin Wengong led his ministers to go hiking in plain clothes to show their respect and condolences. Walking to the grave, I saw the dead old willow tree resurrected, with thousands of green branches dancing in the wind. Jin Wengong looked at the resurrected old willow tree and seemed to see the meson push. He walked up to him respectfully, lovingly squeezed a branch, braided it into a circle and put it on his head. After the sacrifice, Jin Wengong named the resurrected old willow "Tomb-Sweeping Day Willow" and named this day Tomb-Sweeping Day. Later, Jin Wengong often took a bloody book with him as a souvenir, urging himself to take power. He worked hard in Tomb-Sweeping Day and managed the country well. Since then, the people of Jin have been able to live and work in peace and contentment, and they are very nostalgic for Jietui, who has made outstanding contributions and is not looking for wealth. On the day of his death, it is forbidden to set off fireworks in memory of him. It is also made of flour and jujube paste into the shape of a swallow, strung with willows and inserted in the door to summon his soul. This thing is called "pushing swallows" (also called intermediary pushing). Since then, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day have become grand festivals for people all over the country. Whenever there is cold food, people don't make a fire to cook, but only eat cold food.

Festival custom

Tomb-Sweeping Day's customs are rich and interesting. In addition to paying attention to the prohibition of fire to sweep graves, there are a series of customs and sports activities such as jogging, swinging, playing cuju, playing polo and inserting willows. According to legend, Tomb-Sweeping Day visited the grave.

This is because it is forbidden to eat cold food during the Cold Food Festival. In order to prevent the harm of cold food and cold meal to people, everyone comes to participate in some sports activities to exercise. Therefore, this festival is a unique festival, which has both sad and sour tears for sweeping graves and laughter for an outing.

play on the swing

This is the custom of ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day in China. Swing, that is, lift the rope, move. It has a very long history. It was originally called Qian Qiu, but later it was changed into a swing to avoid taboos. In ancient times, swings were made of branches and tied with ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into two ropes, a pedal swing. Swing can not only improve health, but also cultivate courage, which is deeply loved by people, especially children.

spring outing

Also called spring outing. It was called Tanchun and Xunchun in ancient times. Qingming in April, spring returns to the earth, and nature presents a vibrant scene everywhere, which is a good time for an outing. People in our country have always maintained the habit of going for an outing in Qingming.

plant trees

Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the spring was bright and the spring rain was falling, and the survival rate of planted seedlings was high and the growth was fast. Therefore, China has the habit of planting trees in Qingming since ancient times. Some people even call Tomb-Sweeping Day Arbor Day. The custom of planting trees has been passed down to this day. 1979, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) stipulated March 12 every year as China's Arbor Day. This is of great significance to mobilize people of all ethnic groups in China to actively carry out activities to green the motherland.

fly a kite

Flying kites is also the most popular activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day. During their stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day, people not only wore it during the day, but also at night. At night, a string of colored lanterns is hung under the kite or on the wind-stabilizing stay, like twinkling stars, which is called "magic lamp". Someone used to put kites in the blue sky, then cut the strings and let the breeze send them to the ends of the earth. It is said that this can eliminate diseases and disasters and bring good luck to yourself.

Pay tribute to the dead at their graves.

Sweeping graves on Qingming Festival is called "respecting thinking about time" for ancestors. Its customs have a long history. In the Ming Dynasty's "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital", it was written: "On the Qingming Festival in March, men and women went to the grave to pay their respects, and the gold ingot was hung on the back of the sedan chair, and the road was full of embarrassment. Worshipers, mourners, weeping, weeding, adding soil to graves, burning ingots several times, and buying graves with paper money. If you can't see the paper money, it will be a lonely grave. After crying, don't go back, go to the fragrant tree, choose the garden, and sit down and get drunk. " In fact, grave-sweeping existed before the Qin Dynasty, but not necessarily during the Qingming period, but after the Qin Dynasty. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that it became popular. Qing thomas lee said, "On New Year's Eve, the Cold Food Festival and the First Frost Festival, you should offer sacrifices to sweep the graves. During the period, I will serve my bed with vegetarian food, use wine and tools for cutting vegetation, seal trees in the middle of the week, and break Cao Jing, so it is called sweeping the grave. " And spread to this day. Tomb-Sweeping Day's sweeping ceremony was supposed to be held in person, but because of the different economic conditions of each family, the way of sweeping was different. "Burning a bundle" is the main form of paying homage to ancestors. The so-called "baggage", also known as "parcel", refers to the postal parcel that Xiao sent from Shi Yang to the underworld. In the past, Nanzhi store sold the so-called "wrapped skin", that is, a big bag was pasted with white paper. There are two forms: one is a woodcut version with Sanskrit transliteration of "Death Mantra" printed around it, and a lotus tablet printed in the middle to write down the name of the deceased in the area code, such as "The late Zhang Fujun was afraid of the boss in Yunshan", which is both a package and a tablet. The other is plain foreskin, which does not print any patterns. Just put a blue sign in the middle and write down the name of the deceased. Also used as a master card. There are many kinds of money in the bag.

The origin of crossing willow and inserting willow

Related poems

Tomb-Sweeping Day's poems, Tomb-Sweeping Day's famous poems.

"Qingming" (Tang) During the Qingming Festival, there were many rains, and pedestrians on the road wanted to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy just laughed and didn't answer Xingshan Village. "Cold Food on the Road" (Tang) Song immediately met cold food, and it was late spring on the road. Poor Jiang, I can't see Luo Qiao people. The Arctic cherishes the sage, and Nanwa is the vassal. In the old garden, wicker is new day and night. "Cold Food" (Tang) Han Yichun City is full of flowers, and the cold food records the east wind and willows. As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis. "The door is a thing" (Tang) Zhang Fuzhao loves boats, and the spring grass is green and boundless; Try going to the Wumen Gate to see the county Guo, there is new smoke in Qingming. Tomb-Sweeping Day (Song Dynasty) Yu Wang lived in Tomb-Sweeping Day without flowers and wine, and his taste was as bleak as that of a wild monk. Yesterday, I discussed new kindling from my neighbor's house, and early in Tomb-Sweeping Day, I lit in front of the window and sat down to study. "Su Causeway Qingming is a thing" (Song) Wu Weixin pear blossoms are in Qingming, and wanderers are out of town looking for spring. At dusk, the songs are ready, and the willows belong to a warbler. On the Tomb of Cold Food (Song) What is the father of Yang Wanli! Can this bridge be out of danger? The maple leaves in the distant mountains are pale outside, and the broken houses are beside the lonely wheat. The spring breeze is coming again, and all the new buildings are gone. Pear blossoms are cold food, and it is only when you enter the festival that you are worried. "Things are in the suburbs" (Song) Cheng Yi grass green fields wantonly, spring into the surrounding mountains and rivers; Zhu Xing Luan Hong wears Liuxiang, but sits in the imperial city because of flowing water; Don't bid farewell to wine, lest the wind turn red; Besides, it's Tomb-Sweeping Day today, and it's met with fine weather. It's very suitable for sightseeing, but you can't leave. "Tomb-Sweeping Day" (Southern Song Dynasty) is different from Tomb-Sweeping Day in that there are many tombs in the south and north hills of Gaozhu. Paper ashes fly into white butterflies, and tears are dyed into red azaleas. When the sun goes down, the fox sleeps in front of the grave, and the children smile at the lights when the night returns. There is wine to drink in life, but not a drop of Jiuquan! "Send Chen Xiucai back to the Tomb of Shashang Province" (Ming) Gao Qi's face was covered with blood and tears, and he was sad to go home after the chaos. In the storm, pear flower falls died, and the Cold Food Festival passed. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, several families will visit graves and be worshipped by future generations. "Clear River Leads Qingming Day" (Ming) Wang Pan asked the West Building where smoking was good. Green fields and sunny roads. In the willows of Ma Si, people laugh and swing, and the sound of warblers always makes Chun drunk. "Chang 'an Qingming Smoke Huai" (Tang) In the Ming Dynasty, the bear met the emperor Qingming and drove the tourists out of the Forbidden City. The nine-stranger wheatgrass warbler crows, and a thousand chariots and horses rain and clear. It's the first time I met a guest today, and I'm tired of seeing flowers in my sorrow. Who's in charge in spring, it's even more futile. "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" Tang Dynasty "Today's Qingming Festival, Jia Dao, the garden is better than things". The weather is fine, blowing gently with Liu, begging for a new fire in Qingming, and the people's kitchen raises a fire to cook cigarettes. Du Ruo is very long, and this article remembers two wise men. When can life bloom, drink wine before it falls. "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" (Tang Dynasty) Jade Grain came to Su Chun with friends to chase Lu Lang, and the Qingming Festival was filled with smoke. Go back to wear a thin boat and slip on the bow, and get drunk and step on the residual flowers. The wind is rushing, the clouds are floating wild, and the rain falls on the square pond. I can't bear to look back, frogs are full of sunset. "Luoyang Qingming Day Rain Ji" (Tang) Li Zhengfeng will be fine tomorrow, with little rain at night. Thousands of doors are still full of fireworks and nine doors are dust-free. Wine Qinghe bridge spring, leisure palace noon. Tourists love grass, and drumming is half a sin. "There is a dress in the sky" Qingming poem (contemporary) Liu Xiaofeng (Liu Zhou) I: I look at the grave and regard it as a relative; Is the worst thing ever (note: Bingzi, 1996 Bingzi Year. Comments: Those who have read this poem and been to the grave of their loved ones will definitely remember this poem. Second, Bingziqing: peach blossom powder apricot blossoms are white, and the rain hits the branches; Pedestrians quietly went down, and several graves cried and mourned (comment: this poem put pen to paper to write about the scenery, with feelings. Write delicate and gorgeous peach blossoms and apricot flowers first. The wind and rain beat the flowers. The flowers opened quietly. Write too many raindrops or slip quietly from pedestrians' faces, with tears in the middle, and then suddenly there are sad cries from several graves not far away. This is a grave-sweeping scene full of life. There is a trace of warmth in the faint sadness, which makes people see the dullness of life and the greatness of human reproduction. Third: Xin Qiji has made it clear that God is heartless and has no compassion for filial piety in the world; In order to earn a little tear, endure the sunny and rainy days (note: four years of Xin: 200 1 four years of Xin. Xiaoke: The author is modest. Comment: Reading this poem, it seems that the clear rain has turned into the tears of the dutiful son. Rain and tears blend together, and tears make rain miserable. Isn't it the heart of a dutiful son who cries? Fourth: the wind blows grandma in the rain, and the rain beats grandma in the wind; Every year on this day, people shed tears, and every year, people put them in front of the grave. Fifth, there is no way for yin and yang to communicate, and Qingming is looking for graves; Less tears and paper money, less water and less wine. Sixth, the business of sprouting hay by the roadside, a little bit of new green makeup is yellow, even if it doesn't rain, I still cry, and my grandmother's grave is next to the cloud. Seventh: the soil in front of the grave is new and old, and the vegetation in front of the grave is dry and green; The voice and smile should be here, and how many spring days will be lost in the yellow dust. The famous article "Jiangchengzi Mao Yi" recorded the dream of the 20th day of the first month. Appreciation of Su Dongpo's Ci of Mourning His Wife. After ten years of life and death, I will never forget it. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty. At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines are expected to break the heart, and the moon and night are short and loose.

Edit the climate characteristics of this part.

Qingming is a solar term representing phenology, which means sunny weather and lush vegetation. As the saying goes, "Qingming breaks snow, Grain Rain breaks frost." When the weather is clear, the climate in South China is warm and the spring is strong. However, before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, cold air still invaded from time to time, even making the average daily temperature lower than 12℃ for more than three consecutive days, resulting in rotten seedlings of middle rice and dead seedlings of early rice. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid warm tail and cold head when sowing and transplanting rice. In the northwest plateau, livestock are weak under the influence of severe winter and insufficient forage, so it is necessary to guard against the harm of strong cooling weather after spring to old, weak and young livestock. "There are many rains during the Qingming Festival" is a portrayal of the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River by Du Mu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. But in some areas, this is not the case. In particular, the western part of South China is often in the spring drought period, and the rainfall in early April is generally only 10 to 20 mm, which is less than half of that in the south of the Yangtze River. Although there are many spring rains in eastern South China, the rainfall in early April is generally only 20 to 40 mm, so natural precipitation is not enough for agricultural production, so it must be replenished by storing water years ago. In addition, May-June is the month with the most hail in a year, so the prevention of hail disaster should be strengthened. During the Qingming period, the average daily temperature in most parts of the country has risen to above 12℃ except the northeast and northwest regions. From north to south to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, there are busy scenes of spring ploughing everywhere. "In the Qingming Festival, the wheat grows for three days", the wheat in the south of Huanghuai is about to start heading, the rape has blossomed, and the wheat in the northeast and northwest regions has also entered the jointing stage. In the later stage, we should pay close attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control. Dry farming in the north, early and middle rice in the south of the Yangtze River is in a suitable season for mass sowing, so we should seize the opportunity, seize the sunny day and sow early. Pear blossoms are getting clearer and clearer. At this time, when many kinds of fruit trees enter the flowering stage, attention should be paid to artificial pollination to improve the fruit setting rate. Early rice planting in South China should be cleaned up and fertilized in time. Corn, sorghum and cotton will also be planted everywhere. "Before tomorrow's tea, there will be two buds", and the new buds of tea trees will grow vigorously, so attention should be paid to pest control; Famous tea producing areas are mined one after another, and strict scientific mining is needed to ensure the yield and quality.

In many places, after the sacrificial ceremony is completed, food will be sacrificed. When people in southern Shanxi crossed Tomb-Sweeping Day, they used to steam big steamed buns with white flour, with walnuts, dates and beans in the middle, coiled into dragons outside, and an egg tied in the middle of the dragon's body, named "Zifu". It is necessary to steam a big "blessing" to symbolize family reunion and happiness. When going to the grave, the "Zifu" is usually dedicated to the ancestors and shared by the whole family after sweeping the grave. According to the old custom in Shanghai, steamed cakes for sacrifice should be put on wicker and dried and stored. When they come in the long summer, they will be fried and given to the children. It is said that eating it in summer won't make you sick. Tomb-Sweeping Day has the custom of eating dumplings. Mix Bromus inermis juice with glutinous rice to make the green juice and rice flour blend with each other, then wrap it with stuffing such as bean paste and jujube paste, and put it in a steamer with reed leaves as the bottom. Steamed balls are green in color and fragrant, which is the most distinctive seasonal food in Tomb-Sweeping Day. There are also some people in Shanghai, Tomb-Sweeping Day, who love to eat peach blossom porridge and fish with knives when sweeping graves and having family dinners. In Huzhou, Zhejiang, every family in Tomb-Sweeping Day makes zongzi, which can be used as a grave-sweeping sacrifice or as dry food for hiking. As the saying goes: "Qingming Zongzi is real." Before and after Qingming, snails were fat and strong. As the saying goes: "Qingming snail, a goose." Farmers have the habit of eating snails in Qingming. On this day, they use needles to pick out snail meat for cooking, which is called "picking green". After eating, throw the snail shell on the roof. It is said that the rolling acoustic energy emitted by roof tiles scares away mice, which is beneficial to sericulture after Qingming Festival. On this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, there will be club wine. Have dinner with people from the same ancestral temple. People who don't have ancestral temples usually have dinner with the grandchildren of their great-grandfathers. The dishes of Shejiu are mainly fish, tofu and vegetables, as well as homemade sweet white wine. There is a saying in Heshan Town, Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province that "Tomb-Sweeping Day is like the New Year". Tomb-Sweeping Day evening, emphasizing family reunion for dinner. There are several traditional dishes on the table: fried snail, glutinous rice with lotus root slices, bean sprouts, Malantou and so on. These dishes are all related to sericulture. Throwing the leftover snail shells into the house, it is said that the sound can scare away the mice, and the caterpillars will get into the shells to nest and stop harassing the silkworms. Eating lotus root is to wish silkworm babies long and good silk. Eating sprouted beans is a lottery to win "money". Eating fresh vegetables like Malantou means taking the word "green" to match the "green" of "Qingming".

Agricultural proverbs

During the Qingming Festival, the weather gets warmer, catkins fly, flowers bloom and precipitation increases. Generally speaking, it is still dry, some years are rainy, and the cold wave strikes and it is cold in spring. The ground temperature is stable at 13 degrees, so we should seize the opportunity to plant spring cotton according to the sky and the ground. It is urgent and slow to master it, and sowing cotton to hoe dream flowers has obvious warming and moisture conservation effects. Sorghum planted in waterlogged lowlands is not afraid of being flooded in the future. Melons and vegetables are planted in stages, and rice seedlings grab time. Wheat seedlings are closely followed by watering, and pests and diseases are strictly controlled. It is not too late to continue afforestation, raise seedlings, manage fruit trees and mulberry fields, plant jujube trees and Sophora japonica trees, and feed silkworms with fruit trees. Raising livestock should catch up with the heat, and animal epidemic prevention should be popularized. Vigorously promote forage planting, and the planting structure has become "three yuan". Carp, crucian carp parent fish fattening, reed, lotus root timely planting, it is a good time to catch shrimp, fishing boats around the clock. Housemice and voles are eliminated together to reduce the diseases of protecting seedlings and grain.

Holiday proverb

There are some proverbs in Tomb-Sweeping Day to predict the future weather and year: it will rain frequently (in Shandong) before the rain hits Qingming; It will rain intermittently in Tomb-Sweeping Day for three months (in Guangxi); Qingming will be fine; (Shandong) There is Grain Rain on cloudy days; Qingming will not be sunny; Grain Rain is not afraid of rain (black); It will rain. One sorghum hits one liter (black) ◇ Qingming sunny, Grain Rain rainy (Jiangxi) ◇ Qingming snowy, Grain Rain frost (East China, Central China, South China, Sichuan, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) ◇ Qingming snowy, Grain Rain frost (Hebei, Shanxi) ◇ Qingming rainy and dry, Qingming rainy and yellow. Related proverbs are: ◇ Wheat is afraid of Qingming Frost, Valley is dry (cloudy) ◇ Qingming Frost, Plum Rain is less (Su) ◇ Qingming Fog, Summer and Autumn is rainy (Su, Hubei) ◇ Qingming Fog, a sunny day (Henan) ◇ Qingming Dusty, Loess Buried (Jin, Hubei) Qingming north wind, less summer water (Fujian) ◇ Qingming blows northwest wind, when the dry wind is strong (Ning) ◇ Qingming north wind is cold for ten days, and spring frost stops in front of you (Hebei) ◇ Qingming breaks ground, and it will blow for forty-five days.

Qingming health

Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important period of one-year health preservation. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the growth of the body also lies in spring, and the method of breathing and adjusting breath is beneficial to the yang of the human body. During this time, everyone should wear loose clothes and exercise in fresh air. During the Qingming period, the liver qi in the body is the most vigorous. If the liver qi is excessive, it will have adverse effects on the spleen and stomach, hinder the normal digestion and absorption of food, and at the same time cause emotional disorder and poor circulation of qi and blood, which will lead to various diseases. Therefore, this period is a period of high incidence of hypertension and respiratory diseases, which needs everyone's attention. Tomb-Sweeping Day is also called "Cold Food Festival". In terms of diet during the Qingming period, some places still maintain the habit of banning fire and eating cold food during the Qingming period. However, some people are not suitable for eating raw and cold food. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, anything that consumes or hinders the yang spirit should be avoided. The rise of "Yang Qi" refers to the movement and contraction of the spleen and stomach, so people usually have a good appetite in spring, but we should pay attention to moderate diet to protect the normal function of the spleen and stomach. During the Qingming period, the diet should be warm and eat more vegetables and fruits, especially seasonal vegetables such as leeks. During the Qingming period, it is also suitable for eating sweet potatoes, Chinese cabbage, radishes, taro and other foods to warm the stomach and eliminate dampness, and it is also suitable for eating more. In addition, Tomb-Sweeping Day should not eat bamboo shoots, chicken and so on. But it is good for your health to eat more foods that protect your liver and nourish your lungs, such as shepherd's purse, spinach and yam.

Qingming Festival is one of the 24 solar terms in China, and it is also a traditional folk festival in China. Fundamentally speaking, the 24 solar terms are determined by the position of the earth during its revolution. One revolution of the earth is 360 degrees of the yellow meridian, and when the earth reaches zero degrees of the yellow meridian, it is designated as the vernal equinox, and then there is a solar term every time it runs 15 degrees, and there are 24 solar terms in * * *. Therefore, the dates of solar terms in the solar calendar are fixed, and there will be two-day differences in leap years. The lunar calendar is a yin-yang calendar that reflects phenological changes and guides agricultural time. It also combines the lunar calendar, that is, the cycle of the lunar phase is 29.5 days (the time interval from one full moon to the next). Because calculating the specific time of solar terms in the lunar calendar requires accurate astronomical knowledge and mathematical knowledge, the occurrence time of each solar term in the previous almanac was promulgated by the state (for example, beginning of spring was accurate to year, month, day, minute and second), and the rules for calculating different times were different, so the local chronicles of the Qing Dynasty used a long space and many graphic formulas to illustrate the calculation method at that time. Generally speaking, the law of setting solar terms in the lunar calendar only determines that the first month is a solar term and the middle of the month is a neutral one. The interval between two solar terms is 15 days, which is the only basis for people to calculate. Solar term song is also the necessary knowledge for ordinary people to master solar terms. A slightly more complicated calculation is that the winter solstice of the previous year (when the sun is the least in a year) 105 is cold food, and 106 is Qingming; Now it's much simpler to calculate according to the solar calendar. April 5 or 4 (depending on February or 29 of that year) will do. Astronomically speaking, on April 5 or 6, when the apparent sun (that is, the position of the sun on the ecliptic) reaches 15 degrees. In a word, Tomb-Sweeping Day is a solar term in the lunar calendar, but it is a date determined by the Gregorian calendar, which did not exist before the Gregorian calendar was used. This is like saying that March 2 1 is the vernal equinox and June 23 is the summer solstice. It is a great invention of China ancients to use solar terms to reflect the movement law of the sun. Qingming is not fixed on April 5 of the solar calendar, and it will be different every year. Just like the relationship between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, the date of the Qingming solar calendar is not fixed. For example, April 5th of 20 10 is Qingming, and April 4th of 2009 is Qingming.

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