Climate types and characteristics in Qatar

Qatar has a tropical desert climate with summer and winter all year round.

In summer, it is 5438+00 from May to June, and the weather is hot and humid. The temperature is generally 25~46 degrees Celsius, and the highest temperature can reach more than 50 degrees Celsius. From June in winter 1 1 to April of the following year, the weather is cool and dry, and the temperature is generally 10~30 degrees Celsius, with a minimum of 7 degrees. The average annual rainfall is about 80 mm.

The tropical desert climate is distributed in the mainland or the west coast between the Tropic of Cancer and 30 degrees north and south latitude, and extends to inland areas, such as northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula in Asia and desert areas in Australia.

Controlled by subtropical high or trade winds, tropical continental air masses prevail, characterized by high annual average temperature, large annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference, scarce precipitation and insufficient annual precipitation 125mm. Climatic zones are widely distributed in the desert, and there are few creatures, only sporadic drought-tolerant plants, such as cactus. There will be bushes on the edge of the desert. The vegetation type is tropical desert.

Tropical desert climate is often cloudless, windy, sunny, high temperature and low relative humidity in Wan Li, so it has strong evaporation power. The possible evapotranspiration is 20 times or even about 100 times of precipitation. The relative humidity in the air is very small, and it often appears at about 2% in the Sahara desert of Egypt.

The causes of tropical desert climate

First, it is controlled by subtropical high. Subtropical high is a kind of dynamic high, which is a warm high because the air flow over the equator continuously accumulates over the subtropical zone, resulting in downward air flow, which leads to the increase of low-altitude air pressure. The subtropical weather is sunny and dry, mainly because of the prevailing downdraft.

Second, it is controlled by the dry trade wind. Trade winds are directional winds blowing from subtropical high to equatorial low. Due to the rotation of the earth, the wind direction in the northern hemisphere shifts to the right and becomes the northeast trade wind. It turns left in the southern hemisphere and becomes the southeast trade wind.

In the subtropical region of the northern hemisphere, the west coast of the mainland is on the leeward side of the northeast trade wind, and the east coast of the mainland is on the windward side of the northeast trade wind. Similarly, in the subtropical region of the southern hemisphere, the west coast of the mainland is on the leeward side of the southeast trade wind, and the east coast of the mainland is on the windward side of the southeast trade wind. In this way, there is little precipitation on the west coast of the mainland in the subtropical areas of the northern and southern hemispheres, with a dry climate and deserts; But there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland, not a desert.

Third, affected by the cold current. Ocean currents have a great influence on the climate. Cold current can reduce the temperature and humidity of the area it flows through, while warm current can increase the temperature and humidity of the area it flows through.

It can be seen from the world climate and ocean current map that the west coast of the subtropical continent is affected by the cold current, with scarce precipitation and dry climate; The east coast of the mainland is affected by the warm current, and there is more precipitation. As for the formation of tropical desert climate in subtropical areas, it is not only affected by subtropical high or dry trade winds, but also related to being far away from the ocean and being less affected by the ocean.

Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Qatar